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Journal of International Society of... 2021This narrative aims to outline the use of hypnosis in managing dental anxiety in during dental treatment. The PICO used to answer the objectives are (P) dental patients,... (Review)
Review
AIM
This narrative aims to outline the use of hypnosis in managing dental anxiety in during dental treatment. The PICO used to answer the objectives are (P) dental patients, (I) hypnosis, (C) conventional behaviour management techniques & (O) reduced pain/anxiety.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic search of three databases; PubMed, Scopus and EBSCOhost was conducted using the keywords "hypnosis or hypnotherapy" AND "dentistry or dental" between the year 2000 and 2020. A total of 19 studies were selected based on eligibility. Data extracted were study subject, design of study, parameters used to assess, type of hypnosis script used and the study outcome.
RESULTS
The studies show that hypnosis is effective in pain management and dental anxiety. It can also be used for improving compliance in patients who are wearing orthodontic appliances (Trakyali , 2008) and reducing salivary flow during dental treatment (Satlz , 2014).
CONCLUSION
Hypnosis has the potential to be a useful tool in the management of children and adults.
PubMed: 34036071
DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_320_20 -
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Oct 2021Pain experienced at teeth during orthodontic treatment varies largely over time, with the reasons for its interindividual variability being largely unknown: age, sex,...
BACKGROUND
Pain experienced at teeth during orthodontic treatment varies largely over time, with the reasons for its interindividual variability being largely unknown: age, sex, clinical activations, psychosocial factors and genetic polymorphisms of candidate genes are putative factors that may account to explain this variability. We aimed to investigate the effect of clinical, demographic, psychological and genetic factors on pain levels experienced during fixed orthodontic treatment.
METHODS
A convenience sample of 183 patients undergoing full-fixed orthodontic treatment were recruited. Participant's pain levels were assessed seven times over a three-day period via a smartphone app. Clinical, demographic and psychological data were collected via questionnaires. This included the Pain Catastrophising Scale (Child version), the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory. Participants provided a DNA sample either in the form of blood or saliva, which were used for genotyping COMT gene rs6269, rs4680, rs4646310, NR3C1 gene rs2963155 and the HTR2A gene rs9316233.
RESULTS
Bond ups had the greatest influence on perceived levels of pain experienced on teeth during orthodontic treatment, accounting for over 20% of total variance in pain response. High-pain responders had higher scores on pain catastrophising (magnification subscale). Self-reported pain during fixed orthodontic treatment was not influenced by sex, age, time into treatment, anxiety, nor by polymorphisms of COMT, HTR2A or NR3C1 genes.
CONCLUSIONS
Pain on teeth resulting from orthodontic fixed appliances is stronger during bonds-up and in patients with high catastrophising scores. Demographics, type of clinical activations and the genetic polymorphisms investigated in this research had little or no impact on perceived pain levels.
Topics: Anxiety; Child; Humans; Orthodontic Appliances; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Pain; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34273191
DOI: 10.1111/joor.13227 -
Journal of Dental Sciences Jan 2023Dental anxiety and fear in children are major public health concerns. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of music therapy combined with aromatherapy, in...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Dental anxiety and fear in children are major public health concerns. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of music therapy combined with aromatherapy, in reducing the children's dental anxiety and fear.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 128 school-age children aged 10-12 years were randomly allocated into 4 groups: a control group with 32 volunteers, an experimental group that received music therapy, with 33 volunteers, an aromatherapy experimental group with 31 volunteers, and 32 volunteers in an experimental group with music therapy combined with aromatherapy.
RESULTS
The results found that within-group comparisons before and after the experiment revealed the outcomes with a statistically significant change at the 0.05 level of each group as follows. The control group had increased heart rate. The music therapy group showed decreased dental anxiety and fear and systolic blood pressure. The aromatherapy experimental group exhibited increased oxygen saturation. The experimental group receiving music therapy combined with aromatherapy showed decreased dental anxiety and fear, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as increased oxygen saturation values. In addition, it was found that music therapy combined with aromatherapy had a co-influence on dental anxiety and fear (F = 22.22, < 0.001) and oxygen saturation (F = 17.40, < 0.001), and the two main treatments also significantly influenced these outcomes at the 0.05 level.
CONCLUSION
The results showed that music therapy in combination with aromatherapy reduced children's anxiety and fear of dental services better than a single treatment.
PubMed: 36643242
DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.06.008 -
Acta Stomatologica Croatica Sep 2022Oral health in children is additionally burdened with the presence of dental fear and anxiety (DFA). These clinical psychologic entities in their progressive stages...
OBJECTIVES
Oral health in children is additionally burdened with the presence of dental fear and anxiety (DFA). These clinical psychologic entities in their progressive stages inevitably lead to avoidance of dental appointments, which makes prevention and therapy of oral diseases more difficult. Upon the onset of DFA in general, as one of the emotional outcomes of stress in a dental office, most children patients could define the specific stressors that were most intense for them, which could predict the presence of DFA.
AIM
To examine the predictors of DFA presence in 9-12-year-old children, and investigate how they could explain the DFA occurrence in study participants.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The sample consisted of 200 children aged from 9 to 12 years. The DFA presence was determined by the modified version of the CFSS-DS scale. The child's behavior in the dental office during the treatment was evaluated by the trained observer using Venham anxiety and behavior rating scales. Socioeconomic status, characteristics of dental office visits, and previous caries experience were also analyzed.
RESULTS
The main DFA predictors were related to invasive dental treatments, where the behavior during dental treatment was the most accurate expression of the DFA appearance.
CONCLUSIONS
Invasive dental procedures are the main stressful factor for DFA occurrence. Predisposing factors could strengthen the DFA occurrence.
PubMed: 36382207
DOI: 10.15644/asc56/3/3 -
BMC Oral Health Sep 2023Tooth extraction is a common procedure performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons or dentists, often resulting in dental fear and anxiety. The use of relaxing music,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Tooth extraction is a common procedure performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons or dentists, often resulting in dental fear and anxiety. The use of relaxing music, audiovisuals, and virtual reality (VR) technologies has been employed to reduce dental anxiety. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to assess the comparative effectiveness of relaxing music, audiovisuals, and VR in reducing dental anxiety associated with tooth extraction.
METHODS
Four electronic databases were searched up to March 8, 2023, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating different multimedia interventions, including the application of using relaxing music, audiovisuals, and VR technologies for dental anxiety. Studies utilizing various anxiety scales for tooth extraction were considered eligible. The pooled standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of anxiety scale scores were analyzed using Bayesian NMA.
RESULTS
A total of 11 RCTs were included in this NMA. The Bayesian NMA results demonstrated that relaxing music (SMD = -0.64, 95% CI: -1.04, -0.25) and VR (SMD = -0.54, 95% CI: -1.08, -0.02) were associated with a reduction in dental anxiety, while audiovisuals (SMD = -0.34, 95% CI: -0.97, 0.33) required further consideration. Ranking probabilities indicated that relaxing music might be the most acceptable method for individuals with dental anxiety. The frequentist NMA yielded consistent rankings in a sensitivity analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
Relaxing music shows the greatest potential for reducing dental anxiety related to tooth extraction when compared to other multimedia interventions.
Topics: Humans; Dental Anxiety; Music; Music Therapy; Network Meta-Analysis; Tooth Extraction
PubMed: 37735362
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03407-y -
Dentistry Journal Dec 2021Dental anxiety and dental phobia are still prevalent among adult individuals and should be considered a dental public health issue. Dental anxiety/phobia is often...
Dental anxiety and dental phobia are still prevalent among adult individuals and should be considered a dental public health issue. Dental anxiety/phobia is often described as a vicious cycle where avoidance of dental care, poor oral health, and psychosocial effects are common features, often escalating over time. Treatment should include therapy for dental anxiety/phobia and oral diseases. This paper discusses aetiology, prevalence, and diagnosis of dental anxiety/phobia and, in detail, presents a conceptual treatment model at the Dental Fears Research and Treatment Center in Gothenburg, Sweden. In addition, based on systematic reviews, evidence-based treatment for dental anxiety is revealed including the interdisciplinary approach between psychology and dentistry.
PubMed: 34940050
DOI: 10.3390/dj9120153 -
BDJ Open 2019The study aims to investigate dental anxiety in first- and final-year undergraduate dental students in India.
OBJECTIVES
The study aims to investigate dental anxiety in first- and final-year undergraduate dental students in India.
DESIGN
Questionnaire Study Setting: BDS Students in four University dental colleges in India carried-out during 2013 and 2014.
SUBJECTS MATERIALS AND METHODS
The students ( = 614) were assessed using a pre-tested questionnaire. We estimated the level of dental anxiety by using the Modified-Dental-Anxiety-Scale (MDAS). ANCOVA and Mann-Whitney U, and Chi-squared contingency tests were employed to analyze the extensive dataset acquired. Univariate clustering analysis and principal component regression were also applied. Students had similar demographic and lifestyle patterns.
INTERVENTIONS
Assessments of the level of dental anxiety amongst undergraduate dental students.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Mean ± SD MDAS scores for first- and final-year Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students were 12.96 ± 4.00 and 10.54 ± 3.41, respectively.
RESULTS
Six hundred and fourteen ( = 614) students from four dental colleges were included in this study. In total 77% were female ( = 478) and 23% were male ( = 136). The mean age of the first- and final-year students were 18.31 and 21.54 years, respectively. First-year BDS students had dental anxiety score (Mean ± SD 12.96 ± 4.00) compared to that of the final year (10.54 ± 3.41), a difference which was very highly statistically significant ( < 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS
Dental anxiety was moderately higher amongst first year BDS students over that of final-year students but it is lesser than the dental phobic threshold level.
PubMed: 31632694
DOI: 10.1038/s41405-019-0017-9 -
BMC Oral Health Apr 2021The purpose was to analyse the associations between dental and trait anxiety, fear of COVID-19 and the duration and frequency of spontaneous hand-to-face contact...
BACKGROUND
The purpose was to analyse the associations between dental and trait anxiety, fear of COVID-19 and the duration and frequency of spontaneous hand-to-face contact (self-contact).
METHODS
A cross-sectional design was carried out with 128 adult patients from four dental clinics in Madrid, during the confinement, from March 15 to May 15. The patients' movements in the waiting room were monitored with Microsoft Kinect Software, also completed the Trait anxiety subscale of the STAI, the COVID-19 Fear and the S-DAI questionnaire.
RESULTS
Associations were observed between the duration and frequency of facial, mask and eye contact with trait anxiety and dental fear was determined only by the frequency of this self-contact. Trait anxiety is associated with dental anxiety and with fear of COVID-19. Although facial self-contact is higher in women, it also rises in men as dental fear increases. Moreover, dental anxiety is a good predictor of trait anxiety and the incidence of facial self-contact.
CONCLUSIONS
Understanding the possible associations between biopsychosocial factors, such as trait anxiety, dental anxiety and self-contact is important. It may help to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the population as well as enabling the formulation of effective interventions to improve oral health care through the implementation of dental care programmes.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; COVID-19; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Anxiety; Female; Humans; Male; SARS-CoV-2; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33879144
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01564-6 -
BMC Research Notes Jan 2022Information was collected to identify anxiety in dental patients visiting a dental clinic using the Dental Anxiety Scale, their level of psychological distress using the...
OBJECTIVES
Information was collected to identify anxiety in dental patients visiting a dental clinic using the Dental Anxiety Scale, their level of psychological distress using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 and identifying a correlation between these groups as well as the gender and age.
DATA DESCRIPTION
This data contains a set of 1550 patients' answers to questionnaires taken before dental treatment in a dental clinic. It is divided into male and female patients as well as according to their age. The level of Dental Anxiety can be interpreted by answers chosen in the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) and the level of psychological distress by answers chosen in the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18). This dataset should help to encourage more research in the field of dental anxiety and we hope to see more comparisons with our data in the future or in different regions of the world.
Topics: Anxiety; Dental Anxiety; Dental Clinics; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Psychological Distress; Stress, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35012629
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05897-x -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Sep 2023Dental Anxiety constitutes a series of signs of sympathetic hyperfunction that arises during a dental visit. Orthodontic pain is a common reaction in children and adults... (Review)
Review
Dental Anxiety constitutes a series of signs of sympathetic hyperfunction that arises during a dental visit. Orthodontic pain is a common reaction in children and adults that can increase dental anxiety and affect orthodontic outcomes. Both malocclusion and orthodontic pain negatively affect quality of life. Dental anxiety and orthodontic pain have different contributing factors, and the prevalence of malocclusion and dental anxiety varies. Different methods have been proposed for the classification of the dental anxiety scales and orthodontic pain as a first approach in the treatment process. The objective of this literature review was to discuss the effect of orthodontic pain on dental anxietyand to explore ways to address dental anxietyin children and adultsto reduce negative effects on quality of life. This review not only analyses the prevalence and etiology of dental anxiety, the characteristics and influencing factors of orthodontic pain; but also introduces how dental anxiety and orthodontic pain are diagnosed, and proposes some treatment options. The occurrence of malocclusion has recently risen in children and adults, and the negative effects of orthodontic pain and dental anxiety have been explored in literature. Therefore, this review attempts to provide a critical analysis of dental anxiety and orthodontic pain, to attract the attention of orthodontists and provide a framework for further exploration of effective treatment solutions.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Dental Anxiety; Quality of Life; Malocclusion; Pain
PubMed: 37732433
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.051