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BMC Oral Health Dec 2022According to epidemiological studies, gingivitis is a common disease. However, its morbidity, considerably varies among individual. This study aimed to investigate the...
BACKGROUND
According to epidemiological studies, gingivitis is a common disease. However, its morbidity, considerably varies among individual. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of gingivitis, including prevalence, severity, intraoral distribution, and associated risk factors, in children aged 6-12 years in Jinzhou, China.
METHODS
A multistage, whole-group, randomized sample of 2880 children aged 6-12 years in Jinzhou City, China, was selected and clinically examined. Each selected child completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic factors and oral health behaviors in cooperation with the investigator and teacher. Gingival bleeding refers to the bleeding of 10% or more teeth under the condition of ingivitis. Gingivitis was further categorized into localized gingivitis (30% ≥ number of teeth positive for gingival bleeding ≥ 10%) and generalized gingivitis (number of positive for gingival bleeding > 30%). The score of gingival bleeding was recorded using the Gingival Index.
RESULTS
The prevalence of gingivitis in children aged 6-12 years in Jinzhou was 28.58%, including 701 cases of localized gingivitis (24.3%) and 122 cases of generalized gingivitis (4.2%). There were 429 cases (28.3%) of gingivitis in males and 394 cases (28.9%) in females, with no statistically significant difference in prevalence between males and females (P > 0.05). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analysis showed that aging, dental calculus, plaque, and dental crowding were significantly associated with a high prevalence of gingivitis.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study showed that dental calculus, large amount dental plaque, poor oral health behavior, and oral health awareness are associated with the prevalence of gingivitis and maintaining children's oral health requires professional guidance and regular preventive care.
Topics: Male; Female; Child; Humans; Dental Calculus; Prevalence; Gingivitis; Oral Health; Gingival Hemorrhage; Risk Factors; Dental Plaque Index
PubMed: 36544102
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02670-9 -
BMC Oral Health May 2020Gingivitis is a common oral health problem, and untreated gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. The objectives of this study were to (1) explore associated factors...
BACKGROUND
Gingivitis is a common oral health problem, and untreated gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. The objectives of this study were to (1) explore associated factors of gingival bleeding and calculus among 12-year-old adolescents; (2) find predictive models for gingivitis management.
METHODS
Four thousand five hundred twenty-five subjects aged 12 in Sichuan Province were investigated. The questionnaire and clinical examination were applied in schools, and two-level logistic regression models were constructed to interpret the effect of individual and contextual factors on Chinese adolescents' gingival bleeding and calculus.
RESULTS
46.63% (95%CI: 40.71, 51.60) and 66.94% (95%CI: 56.85, 67.45) of the subjects presented gingival bleeding and calculus, respectively. For the gingival bleeding cases, the model showed the significant associated indicators were hukou (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.52-0.72), family size (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.19-1.68), parental educational level (father: OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.45-0.63; mother: OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.59-0.86), tooth-brushing frequency (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.26-0.48), dental floss use (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.41-0.83), sugar-containing drink consumption (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.80-2.49), and dental visit (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.19-1.74). It also confirmed that gender (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.13-1.54), hukou (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.59-0.82), family size (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.12-1.59), parental educational level (father: OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.39-0.54; mother: OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.59-0.82), tooth-brushing frequency (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.42-0.78), dental floss use (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.48-0.90) and sugar-containing drink consumption (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.11-1.53) were associated factors for dental calculus.
CONCLUSIONS
Gingival bleeding and calculus were common in western Chinese adolescents. Socio-demographic factors including gender, hukou and family factors are strong determinants of gingival health in Chinese adolescents. In addition, health-related lifestyle behaviors such as healthy diet, good hygiene care and more dental visits are good predictors of better gingival status.
Topics: Asian People; Child; Dental Calculus; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Multilevel Analysis; Oral Health
PubMed: 32429918
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01125-3 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2023To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral irrigator (OI) in controlling dental plaque and gingivitis. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral irrigator (OI) in controlling dental plaque and gingivitis.
METHODS
Ninety participants diagnosed with gingivitis were randomly assigned to two groups, given a toothbrush combined with OI (WaterPik) (test) or a toothbrush alone (control). The Turesky-Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (T-QH), Modified Gingival Index (MGI), Bleeding Index (BI), and percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP%) were evaluated at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. The full analysis set (FAS) and per-protocol set (PPS) were analyzed. Adverse events were recorded through electronic diaries and examinations.
RESULTS
Of the 90 participants, the efficacy was assessed in the following numbers (FAS/PPS): test (45/33) and control (43/38). Compared with the control, MGI, BI, and BOP% were significantly lower in the test group after 4 weeks (4 weeks: = 0.017, = 0.001, and = 0.001, respectively; 8 weeks and 12 weeks: < 0.001 for all, FAS); T-QH was significantly lower after 8 weeks (8 weeks: = 0.033; 12 weeks: = 0.006, FAS). Transient gingival bleeding may be associated with OI. Self-reported pain and dentin hypersensitivity symptoms were similar between groups.
CONCLUSIONS
As adjuncts to toothbrushing, OI demonstrated significantly better efficacy in controlling dental plaque and gingival inflammation with no substantial safety hazards.
Topics: Humans; Single-Blind Method; Dental Plaque; Treatment Outcome; Toothbrushing; Gingivitis
PubMed: 36834421
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043726 -
International Dental Journal Dec 2023The aim of the present study was to examine the plaque removal effectiveness of a personalised 3D-printed dental plaque removal mouthguard device in a clinical trial...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present study was to examine the plaque removal effectiveness of a personalised 3D-printed dental plaque removal mouthguard device in a clinical trial setting.
METHODS
A personalised 3D-printed mouthguard was developed to clean dental plaque using micro-mist. A clinical trial was conducted to examine the plaque removal effectiveness of this device. The clinical trial recruited 55 participants (21 males and 34 females) with an average age of 68.4 years (range, 60-81 years). Dental plaque was dyed by plaque disclosing liquid (Ci). Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI) was used to evaluate the level and rate of plaque formation on the tooth surface. The TMQHPI was recorded and intraoral photos were taken before and after mouthguard cleaning. The plaque removal rate was calculated based on TMQHPI and intraoral photos (pixel-based method) before and after cleaning.
RESULTS
The personalised 3D-printed micro-mist injection mouthguard can be effective in dental plaque removal on tooth and gingiva, and the effectiveness lies between that of a manual toothbrush and a mouth rinse. The newly proposed pixel-based method can be a practical, high sensitive tool to evaluate the level of plaque formation.
CONCLUSIONS
Under the conditions of the present study, we conclude that the personalised 3D-printed micro-mist injection mouthguard can be useful in reducing dental plaque and may be especially suitable for older adults and disabled people.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Aged; Dental Plaque; Single-Blind Method; Toothbrushing; Gingiva; Dental Plaque Index; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Cross-Over Studies; Equipment Design
PubMed: 37202299
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.04.005 -
Acta Clinica Croatica Aug 2022Numerous oral changes develop as a result of dysfunctional eating behavior in patients with eating disorders (ED). The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation...
Numerous oral changes develop as a result of dysfunctional eating behavior in patients with eating disorders (ED). The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation among oral manifestations, age, disease duration and nutritional status in pediatric patients with ED. The study included 50 female ED patients, median age 14 (range 10-18) years and median disease duration 9 (range 1-42) months. Nutritional status was expressed as z-score for body mass index (BMI). Mean BMI z-score was -2.10±1.64. The most commonly observed oral findings were dental plaque, marginal gingivitis, morsicatio, dental calculus, caries, pharyngeal erythema, exfoliative cheilitis and angular cheilitis. Dental plaque and pharyngeal erythema were correlated with shorter disease duration (p=0.048; p=0.040), while frictional keratosis of tongue was correlated with longer disease duration (0.011). Linea alba and pain in the temporomandibular joint were associated with younger age (p=0.012; p=0.024), and tooth impression on tongue with lower degree of nutrition (p=0.030). This study showed that there was a link among oral manifestations, age, disease duration and degree of nutritional disorder, although further investigations comparing the groups of ED patients with different age, disease duration and nutritional status would give better, concrete and precise conclusions.
Topics: Humans; Child; Female; Infant; Cheilitis; Dental Plaque; Gingivitis; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Erythema; Dental Caries
PubMed: 36818917
DOI: 10.20471/acc.2022.61.02.03 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Severe Early Childhood Caries (sECC) is a multifactorial disease associated with the occurrence of specific oral microorganisms and other environmental, behavioral, and...
Severe Early Childhood Caries (sECC) is a multifactorial disease associated with the occurrence of specific oral microorganisms and other environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors. This study aimed to construct a multivariable model including the occurrence of spp. and selected behavioral factors (length of breastfeeding, serving sweet beverages and beginning of brushing child's teeth) to determine their relationships to the occurrence of sECC. In this case-control study 164 children with sECC and 147 children without dental caries were included. MALDI-TOF MS and multiplex qPCR were used to identify spp. and selected bacteria in dental plaque samples, respectively. A questionnaire on oral hygiene, diet, and children's health was filled in by the parents. The constructed multivariable logistic regression model showed an independent influence of the microbial and behavioral factors in sECC etiopathogenesis. The occurrence of and was associated with higher odds of sECC development (odds ratio, OR: 9.62 and 16.93, respectively), together with breastfeeding of 6 months or less (OR: 2.71), exposure to sweet beverages (OR: 3.77), and starting to brush child's teeth after the 12 month of age (OR: 4.10), all statistically significant ( < 0.01). Considering the high occurrence of and in dental plaque in children with sECC, we propose them as "keystone pathogens" and risk factors for sECC. The models showed that presence of specific species of in dental plaque may be a better descriptor of sECC than the mentioned behavioral factors.
Topics: Candida; Candida albicans; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Plaque; Humans; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 35959372
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.943480 -
Swiss Dental Journal Mar 2021«Guided Biofilm Therapy» (GBT) represents a systematic, risk and demand-oriented prophylaxis and treatment concept. A significant difference to conventional methods is...
«Guided Biofilm Therapy» (GBT) represents a systematic, risk and demand-oriented prophylaxis and treatment concept. A significant difference to conventional methods is - above all - the reduced, tissue-friendly and targeted use of ultrasound and hand instruments. The biofilm is consistently shown with suitable color solutions, the oral hygiene instruction and professional tooth cleaning is optimized. The use of suitable powders guarantees a tissue-conserving and targeted removal of biofilm. While individual treatments, techniques and materials have already been well investigated and described, little data is available on patient acceptance. The aim of the present study was to gain an impression of the acceptance of this method in comparison to the conservative-classical recall care mainly based on hand and ultrasound devices in a survey of 100 consecutive patients from the clinic's internal recall system. The overall results were very positive. The powder jet device showed the best acceptance. The aspect fear before/during the recall session was also interesting: At a low level (10%), an additional reduction to 4% occurred, since hand instruments were probably used much less and only very specifically. mConclusion: The use of plaque elevators makes the work in the recall session more efficient, more effective and guarantees ma higher quality control, which is also highly appreciated by patients.
Topics: Biofilms; Dental Care; Dental Plaque; Humans
PubMed: 33666383
DOI: 10.61872/sdj-2021-03-02 -
Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene :... Oct 2021Research has revealed that periodontal diseases are caused by inflammation that results from a dysbiosis of the oral microbiome where oral bacteria multiply into larger... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Research has revealed that periodontal diseases are caused by inflammation that results from a dysbiosis of the oral microbiome where oral bacteria multiply into larger communities referred to as dental biofilm. To help control this overgrowth of bacteria, a variety of toothpastes, dentifrices, and mouthwashes have been developed. Although not as common in North American toothpastes, propolis as an active ingredient in dentifrices has begun to emerge, as laboratory studies have suggested it has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic properties. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the literature on the effectiveness of propolis in maintaining oral health.
METHODS
This review used the following criteria: studies involving healthy humans; propolis in the form of toothpaste, dentifrice, and mouthwash; fluoride, chlorohexidine, and placebo; plaque and gingival indices, improvement in oral hygiene, and inhibition of bacteria. Relevant research articles were selected from Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases using the search parameter "propolis[tw] AND (toothpaste*[tw] OR dentifrice*[tw] OR mouthwash*[tw])". Only original articles published after 2009 and written in the English language were included.
RESULTS
A total of 19 original papers met the criteria and showed varying levels of success achieved with the use of propolis. It was responsible for a significant lowering of specific plaque and gingival indices, inhibited the growth of bacteria, reduced oral flora diversity, and consistently improved periodontal condition, oral hygiene, and oral health.
CONCLUSION
Propolis may play a role in initiating, sustaining, and maintaining oral health as its desirable properties have the potential to improve various oral hygiene related indices.
Topics: Dental Plaque; Humans; Mouthwashes; Oral Health; Oral Hygiene; Propolis
PubMed: 34925517
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Oral Health May 2022Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans. Dental plaque is considered as a reservoir of this bacterium, which could play an...
Comparing the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and virulence factors cagA, vacA, and dupA in supra-gingival dental plaques of children with and without dental caries: a case-control study.
BACKGROUND
Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans. Dental plaque is considered as a reservoir of this bacterium, which could play an important role in the development of gastrointestinal problems. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of H. pylori and its virulence factors in dental plaques in children with and without dental caries.
METHODS
Among children aged 6 to 12 years, a total of 72 children were enrolled in the study, including 36 cases with total DMFT/dmft > 3 (case group) and 36 participants with total DMFT/dmft < 1 (control group). After removing supra-gingival plaques from the lower first permanent molar teeth, the samples were examined using PCR method for the presence of H. pylori and some of its virulence factors. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square, Fisher' exact test, t-tests, and logistic regression.
RESULTS
Of 72 participants, 40 cases were male, and 32 cases were female. The minimum and maximum values of total DMFT/dmft indices were zero and ten, respectively, and the mean ± SD value of total DMFT/dmft was 2.78 ± 3.22. Except for vegetable consumption (p = 0.045), there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding gastrointestinal disorders, feeding methods in infancy (p = 0.058), frequency of daily brushing (p = 0.808), frequency of dental visits (p = 0.101), and history of dental scaling (p = 0.246) and professional topical fluoride therapy (p = 0.5). Out of 72 samples, 15 cases were positive for H. pylori DNA (20.8%), and there was no significant association between the presence of this bacterium in dental plaque and dental caries (p = 0.281). The frequency of virulence factors detected in 15 H. pylori cases was as follows: cagA in six cases (40.0%), vacAm1 in three cases (20.0%), and vacAs1 in one case (6.7%). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the prevalence of virulence factors.
CONCLUSION
Our results indicate the presence of H. pylori along with some virulence factors in dental plaques as a reservoir of this bacterium in children in Iran. Although there was no significant association between this bacterium and the incidence of dental caries, dental health in children needs to be seriously taken into consideration.
Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Case-Control Studies; Child; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Female; Genotype; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 35534888
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02175-5 -
Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene :... Jun 2023
Topics: Humans; Dental Plaque; Biological Evolution; Plaque, Atherosclerotic
PubMed: 37464994
DOI: No ID Found