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Clinical Oral Investigations Apr 2022The aim of this study was to examine the occlusion of anterior teeth in individuals with shortened dental arch (SDA).
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to examine the occlusion of anterior teeth in individuals with shortened dental arch (SDA).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In a case-control clinical study, 41 individuals with SDA and 41 individuals with complete dental arch (CDA) participated. The CDA control group was matched for age and gender. Testing for occlusal contacts of anterior maxillary teeth was conducted by biting on foil strips (8 µm) with subjectively normal bite force (NBF) and maximal bite force (MBF). The data was analyzed on individual and tooth levels.
RESULTS
The median rates of anterior maxillary teeth with occlusal contacts were 0.67 (NBF) and 0.83 (MBF) in the SDA group and 0.50 (NBF) and 0.83 (MBF) in the CDA group. Within both groups, the contact rates were significantly higher in MBF. The group difference with NBF was significant. A generalized linear model showed that the odds of an anterior maxillary tooth to have an occlusal contact were greater in the SDA both for NBF with an odds ratio (OR) 2.277 and MBF with an OR 1.691.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest effective compensatory mechanisms relative to the occlusal function in individuals with SDA.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The study delivers further evidence regarding the SDA concept as a viable option in the management of posterior tooth loss.
Topics: Bite Force; Dental Arch; Dental Occlusion; Humans; Jaw, Edentulous, Partially; Tooth; Tooth Loss
PubMed: 34889979
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04317-5 -
The Saudi Dental Journal Nov 2022Occlusal function stimulates different areas of the cerebral cortex. The purpose of this narrative review was to identify the relationship between occlusion and brain... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Occlusal function stimulates different areas of the cerebral cortex. The purpose of this narrative review was to identify the relationship between occlusion and brain activity so as to provide theoretical support to enable future studies on the subject.
STUDY SELECTION DATA AND SOURCES
Relevant case-control studies, clinical trials, and systematic reviews available in English were retrieved from the following databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS). Of the 53 articles obtained, 12 were included.
CONCLUSION
The sensorimotor cortex is affected by changes in occlusion. It is speculated that occlusion could play an important role in the development of diseases, from anxiety and stress to Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia. Further investigations into the interactions between occlusion and brain function are needed to elucidate the parts of the brain that are affected when occlusion is disturbed and to determine whether brain function is altered.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Dentists must consider that alterations in the occlusal pattern during mastication can lead to changes in the activation of different brain regions related to memory, learning, anticipatory pain, and anxiety. This suggests that mastication maintains the integrity of certain brain areas and that it may be a key factor in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
PubMed: 36267531
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.09.001 -
BMC Oral Health Aug 2019A common strategy in the non-extraction treatment of Class II molar relationship is maxillary molar distalization, which could increase lower face height and cause...
BACKGROUND
A common strategy in the non-extraction treatment of Class II molar relationship is maxillary molar distalization, which could increase lower face height and cause clockwise mandibular rotation. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse the effects on vertical dentoskeletal dimension of young adults treated with sequential distalization with orthodontic aligners.
METHODS
Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 10 subjects (8 females 2 males; mean age 22.7 ± 5.3 years) treated with upper molars sequential distalization with orthodontic aligners (Invisalign, Align Technology, San Josè, California, USA) were analyzed.
RESULTS
No statistically significant difference was observed for the primary outcome SN-GoGn between T0 and T1 and it was recorded a mean variation of 0.1 ± 2.0 degrees. Statistically significant differences were found in the linear position of the upper molars (6-PP, 7-PP) the molar class relationship parameter (MR) and the upper incisive inclination (1^PP) with at least p < 0.01.
CONCLUSIONS
Upper molar distalization with orthodontic aligners guarantee an excellent control of the vertical dimension representing an ideal solution for the treatment of hyperdivergent or openbite subjects. It also allows an excellent control of the incisal torque without loss of anchorage during the orthodontic procedure.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; California; Cephalometry; Female; Humans; Incisor; Male; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Maxilla; Molar; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; Retrospective Studies; Tooth Movement Techniques; Vertical Dimension; Young Adult
PubMed: 31409348
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0880-8 -
PloS One 2021Dentistry is confronted with the functional and aesthetic consequences that result from an increased prevalence of misaligned and discrepant dental occlusal relations in...
Dentistry is confronted with the functional and aesthetic consequences that result from an increased prevalence of misaligned and discrepant dental occlusal relations in modern industrialised societies. Previous studies have indicated that a reduction in jaw size in response to softer and more heavily processed foods during and following the Industrial Revolution (1,700 CE to present) was an important factor in increased levels of poor dental occlusion. The functional demands placed on the masticatory system play a crucial role in jaw ontogenetic development; however, the way in which chewing behaviours changed in response to the consumption of softer foods during this period remains poorly understood. Here we show that eating more heavily processed food has radically transformed occlusal power stroke kinematics. Results of virtual 3D analysis of the dental macrowear patterns of molars in 104 individuals dating to the Industrial Revolution (1,700-1,900 CE), and 130 of their medieval and early post-medieval antecedents (1,100-1,700 CE) revealed changes in masticatory behaviour that occurred during the early stages of the transition towards eating more heavily processed foods. The industrial-era groups examined chewed with a reduced transverse component of jaw movement. These results show a diminished sequence of occlusal contacts indicating that a dental revolution has taken place in modern times, involving a dramatic shift in the way in which teeth occlude and wear during mastication. Molar macrowear suggests a close connection between progressive changes in chewing since the industrialization of food production and an increase in the prevalence of poor dental occlusion in modern societies.
Topics: Biological Evolution; Biomechanical Phenomena; Dental Occlusion; Dentistry; Humans; Mastication; Molar; Tooth
PubMed: 34910787
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261404 -
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation May 2020The diagnosis and management of patients suffering from occlusal dysesthesia (OD) remain a major challenge for dental practitioners and affected patients.
BACKGROUND
The diagnosis and management of patients suffering from occlusal dysesthesia (OD) remain a major challenge for dental practitioners and affected patients.
OBJECTIVES
To present the results of a literature-based expert consensus intended to promote better understanding of OD and to facilitate the identification and management of affected patients.
METHODS
In 2018, electronic literature searches were carried out in PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar as well as in the archives of relevant journals not listed in these databases. This approach was complemented by a careful assessment of the reference lists of the identified relevant papers. The articles were weighted by evidence level, followed by an evaluation of their contents and a discussion. The result represents an expert consensus.
RESULTS
Based on the contents of the 77 articles identified in the search, the current knowledge about clinical characteristics, epidemiology, aetiology, diagnostic process, differential diagnosis and management of OD is summarised.
CONCLUSIONS
Occlusal dysesthesia exists independently of the occlusion. Instead, it is the result of maladaptive signal processing. The focus should be on patient education, counselling, defocusing, cognitive behavioural therapy, supportive drug therapy and certain non-specific measures. Irreversible, specifically an exclusively dental treatment approach must be avoided.
Topics: Dental Occlusion; Dentists; Humans; Malocclusion; Paresthesia; Professional Role
PubMed: 32080883
DOI: 10.1111/joor.12950 -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2023An increase in life expectancy was observed in the past years. Consequently, the knowledge of the maturational changes in the occlusion is highly important to guide...
INTRODUCTION
An increase in life expectancy was observed in the past years. Consequently, the knowledge of the maturational changes in the occlusion is highly important to guide clinicians during treatment planning.
OBJECTIVE
In this article, the occlusal and facial aging changes occurred during almost 50 years of follow-up are described. A normal occlusion sample from Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Brazil, was evaluated at 13 (T1), 17 (T2) and 60 (T3) years of age. The maturational changes observed in digital dental models and cephalometric radiographs were presented. A revision of the aging process, under the gerontology and psychology perspectives, was also explored.
DISCUSSION
Maturational changes in non-treated individuals were very delicate. Mandibular crowding, decrease in the overbite, changes in the maxillary second molar position, increase in the clinical crown length, dental wear and discoloration were observed.
CONCLUSION
Compared to the remarkable facial and skin changes during aging, the occlusion seems to be the most stable feature of the face during the aging process.
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
An adequate oral care throughout lifetime makes the smile the best memory of youth at mature ages.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Malocclusion; Overbite; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Dental Occlusion; Molar; Mandible; Cephalometry; Maxilla
PubMed: 36790248
DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.27.6.e22spe6 -
BMC Oral Health May 2023Occlusal splints are always applied on individuals with bruxism to reduce tooth wear and relieve orofacial symptoms such as myofascial pain. The stomatognathic system is...
OBJECTIVE
Occlusal splints are always applied on individuals with bruxism to reduce tooth wear and relieve orofacial symptoms such as myofascial pain. The stomatognathic system is mainly composed of tooth, occlusion, masticatory muscles, and temporomandibular joint. The occlusion and masticatory muscles function are regarded as the important parameters for evaluating the stomatognathic system state objectively. However, the effects of occlusal splints on individuals with bruxism is rarely elucidated from accurate neuromuscular analysis and occlusion evaluation. The aim of the present study was to estimate the effects of three different splints (two clinically common full coverage occlusal splint and an modified anterior splint) on subjects with bruxism using K7-J5 neuromuscular analysis system and Dental Prescale II (DP2) to evaluate occlusion.
METHODS
Sixteen subjects claimed to be suffering from nocturnal bruxism,with complete dentition and stable occlusal relationship, were selected for study.The intermaxillary space and the baselines of EMG-activity of the anterior temporalis and masseter were recorded for all the subjects. The participants was treated with three different splints, and outcomes were estimated by comfort index, occlusion and surface electromyography of anterior temporalis and masseter.
RESULTS
At teeth clenched position, EMG data were significantly lower in the participants with use of modified anterior splint than with hard, soft occlusal splint or without splint (p < 0.05). The maximum bite force and bite area occur in subjects without use of splint, while the minimal occur in subjects with use of modified anterior splint. Intermaxillary space increased and masticatory muscles presented significant reduction of EMG data at rest position as a result of J5 (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Modified anterior splint seems to be more comfortable and effective in reducing occlusion force and electromyographic activity of anterior temporalis and masseter for subjects with bruxism.
Topics: Humans; Splints; Bruxism; Dental Occlusion; Masticatory Muscles; Masseter Muscle; Electromyography
PubMed: 37231466
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03044-5 -
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage May 2021Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), a site that is often impacted by osteoarthritis (OA), is biomechanically linked with dental occlusion. Tissue responses in TMJ condyle to... (Review)
Review
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), a site that is often impacted by osteoarthritis (OA), is biomechanically linked with dental occlusion. Tissue responses in TMJ condyle to biomechanical stimulation could be investigated by intervention of the dental occlusion in animals. Unilateral anterior crossbite, an experimental malocclusion, has been demonstrated to induce TMJ-OA lesions, showing primarily as enhanced cartilage calcification and subchondral cortical bone formation at the osteochondral interface, causing the osteochondral interface thickening and stiffening. The changed interface would worsen the local biomechanical environment. At the cartilage side, the matrix degenerates. In the case of insufficient restoration of the matrix, the cells in the deep zone flow into the ones undergoing autophagy, apoptosis, and terminal differentiation while the cells in the superficial zone are promoted to differentiate to supply the loss of the deep zone cells. At the meantime, the bone marrow stromal cells are stimulated to bone formation in the subchondral cortical region which is uncoupled with the sites of the osteoclast-mediated resorption process that is predominantly observed at the subchondral trabecular bone region. Overall, the thickening and stiffening osteochondral interface, due greatly to the enhanced endochondral ossification in deep zone cartilage, should be a central pathological process that links with cartilage decay and subchondral bone remodelling in OA joints. The residual chondrocytes locating in the cartilage superficial zone have the progenitor-like qualities that can proliferate, and also differentiate into the deep zone chondrocytes, thus should be critical in progression and rehabilitation of TMJ-OA.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Bone Remodeling; Calcinosis; Cartilage, Articular; Cell Differentiation; Chondrocytes; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Extracellular Matrix; Fibrosis; Ossification, Heterotopic; Osteoarthritis; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
PubMed: 33422706
DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.12.016 -
European Journal of Orthodontics Nov 2023The genetic basis of dentoalveolar characteristics has been investigated by several studies, however, the findings are equivocal. The objective of this systematic review... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
The genetic basis of dentoalveolar characteristics has been investigated by several studies, however, the findings are equivocal. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the heritability of dental arches and occlusal parameters in different stages of human dentition.
SEARCH METHODS
Electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Dentistry and Oral Science Source were searched up to August 2023 without the restriction of language or publication date.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Empirical studies investigating the heritability of dentoalveolar parameters among twins and siblings were included in the review.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently and in duplicate by two authors and a third author resolved conflicts if needed. Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias among studies and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria.
RESULTS
Twenty-eight studies were included in the systematic review, of which 15 studies reporting heritability coefficients in the permanent dentition stages were deemed suitable for the meta-analysis. Random-effects meta-analyses showed high heritability estimates for maxillary intermolar width (0.52), maxillary intercanine width (0.54), mandibular intermolar width (0.55), mandibular intercanine width (0.55), maxillary arch length (0.76), mandibular arch length (0.57), and palatal depth (0.56). The heritability estimates for the occlusal parameters varied considerably, with relatively moderate values for crossbite (0.46) and overbite (0.44) and low values for buccal segment relationship (0.32), overjet (0.22), and rotation and displacement of teeth (0.16). However, the certainty of evidence for most of the outcomes was low according to the GRADE criteria.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the available evidence, it can be concluded that the dental arch dimensions have a high heritability while the occlusal parameters demonstrate a moderate to low heritability.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO (CRD42022358442).
Topics: Humans; Dental Arch; Malocclusion; Overbite; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Dentition, Permanent
PubMed: 37822010
DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjad061 -
Journal of Medicine and Life Apr 2023This systematic review aimed to identify the main tools used to analyze the relationship between the postural and stomatognathic systems. The study followed the PRISMA... (Review)
Review
This systematic review aimed to identify the main tools used to analyze the relationship between the postural and stomatognathic systems. The study followed the PRISMA guidelines, and data were collected from Science Direct and PubMed databases to identify articles published until December 2022. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 26 articles were selected from the initial 903 articles. The selected articles were full-text studies in English or Romanian, examining the relationship between dental occlusion and posture, measuring postural parameters using various tools, implementing occlusal changes, evaluating patients with permanent dentition, or analyzing the connection between occlusion and posture in a unidirectional manner. The findings indicate that orthognathic surgery and orthodontic mouthguards can significantly enhance postural balance and athletic performance. In addition, 63% of the studies concluded that varying modifications and occlusal conditions impact posture. Notable differences exist concerning posture and Angle dental occlusion classes, and different occlusal devices used to simulate malocclusion can affect patients' postural systems in response to external stimuli. The stabilometry platform is the predominant method for measuring postural parameters; however, other researchers have employed raster stereography, photogrammetry, mobile phone apps, and the Fukuda-Unterberger test. Consequently, interventions targeting the stomatognathic system should consider potential variations in the postural system.
Topics: Humans; Stomatognathic System; Athletic Performance; Malocclusion; Postural Balance; Posture
PubMed: 37305821
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2022-0327