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Cureus Mar 2023Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a systemic and multifactorial disease of unknown etiology. There are many co-morbidities that the patient presents, making the clinical... (Review)
Review
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a systemic and multifactorial disease of unknown etiology. There are many co-morbidities that the patient presents, making the clinical picture not immediate. Cognitive decline and emotional alteration (anxiety and depression) are found in fibromyalgic patients, as well as temporomandibular joint arthrokinematic disorders, dental malocclusion, and periodontitis. There seems to be a biunivocal relationship between oral and psychiatric dysfunctions in fibromyalgia. The article reviews the information regarding oral health alterations with respect to the patient's cognitive and emotional response, as the most recent information we have raises new hypotheses about the diagnosis of FMS.
PubMed: 36945233
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36380 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Sep 2022The excessive use of smartphones for various tasks led to a new adverse postural phenomenon called text neck. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the...
The excessive use of smartphones for various tasks led to a new adverse postural phenomenon called text neck. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the text neck posture (TNP) on static occlusion by using the T-Scan III occlusal diagnostic system. : Nineteen subjects (aged 20 to 24 years) were considered for this research. They had normal values for anterior overbite and overjet, Angle Class I occlusion, no posterior crossbite, and no signs or symptoms of cervical or temporo-mandibular disorders. Occlusal registrations were performed with the T-Scan III system in a normal, neutral head posture (NHP), as well as in the TNP. The investigated parameters were: occlusion time (OT), asymmetry index of the occlusal force (AOF), percent of the maximum movie force (%MMF), and the time elapsed from the last occlusal contact until the maximum intercuspation (MAT-OTB). The last three parameters were analyzed in the maximum area frame (MA) of the registrations. For the statistical analysis of the recorded data, the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test and the Spearman's correlation coefficient were used. The following values were obtained in NHP and in TNP: for AOF, 14.88 ± 10.39% and 18.04 ± 12.83%, respectively; for OT, 1.34 ± 1.84 s and 1.32 ± 1.8 s, respectively; for the %MMF, 97.5 ± 2.83% and 96.31 ± 3.17%, respectively; for MAT-OTB, 2.08 ± 1.82 s and 1.45 ± 2.3 s, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the static occlusal parameters measured in NHP and those in TNP. However, the high values of the AOF and OT in NHP revealed an imbalance of the occlusal force distribution between the right and left side in maximum intercuspation (MI), as well as a lack of simultaneity of static occlusal contacts. Furthermore, there was a significant, direct, and strong correlation between OT and AOF in NHP. The NHP should not be used as the starting position in TNP simulations in T-Scan studies, so as to avoid statistically insignificant differences between static occlusion in NHP and TNP. The healthy standing subjects, with normal occlusal relationships from the clinical point of view, revealed an occlusal instability in NHP when examined with the T-Scan.
Topics: Bite Force; Chest Pain; Dental Occlusion; Humans; Malocclusion; Posture; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
PubMed: 36143980
DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091303 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022Tongue function is regarded as a primary factor in the etiology of malocclusion, but details of the relationship remain unknown. The purpose of the present study was to...
Tongue function is regarded as a primary factor in the etiology of malocclusion, but details of the relationship remain unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate maximum tongue pressure, in preschool children to examine its relationship with dental occlusion. A total of 477 healthy children (248 boys, 229 girls, aged 4-6 years) were recruited. Dental occlusion was assessed visually to record sagittal, vertical, and transverse malocclusion, and space discrepancies. Maximum tongue pressure was measured using a balloon-based tongue pressure measurement device. Additionally, 72 children (37 boys, 35 girls, aged 4-5 years) were recruited for a 1-year follow-up study. Approximately half of the children (53.5%) showed some type of malocclusion in the present study. Maximum tongue pressure was highest in the 6-year-old children. The results of a two-way ANCOVA show that the effect of age was significant ( < 0.001); however, the effects of sex and dental occlusion, or the interactions among these variables, did not reach significance. Additionally, maximum tongue pressure increased significantly in the 1-year follow-up study ( < 0.001), especially in the normal occlusion group. Maximum tongue pressure increases markedly with growth in the preschool years and can be associated with some types of malocclusion in preschool children.
PubMed: 35204862
DOI: 10.3390/children9020141 -
European Journal of Dental Education :... Aug 2022The electronic dental model (e-model) is an example of a digital 3-dimensional technology to support inquiry-based learning in undergraduate dental education. As student...
INTRODUCTION
The electronic dental model (e-model) is an example of a digital 3-dimensional technology to support inquiry-based learning in undergraduate dental education. As student perceptions of and engagement with e-models vary, it is uncertain whether these perceptions have implications for their learning processes and outcomes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Third-year dental students (N = 40) completed a questionnaire to identify their perceptions of and preferences for model modalities. They were divided into three groups based on their preference: Preferring plaster models (Group 1); Preferring e-models (Group 2); No preference (Group 3). Students from three groups (N = 9) attended a hands-on digital occlusion evaluation workshop, and then completed a case-based diagnostic evaluation test using digital occlusion evaluation software. Camtasia Studio™ recorded real-time and on-screen data of the number of mouse-clicks and time spent.
RESULTS
Students reported positive feedbacks on the use of e-models, and 72.5% of the students preferred combination use of e-models and plaster models. After attending the hands-on digital dental occlusion evaluation workshop, Group 2 scored higher on the diagnostic evaluation test (p < .05) and registered more mouse-clicks than Group 1 when evaluating the arch symmetry (p < .05). Group 2 registered fewer mouse-clicks than Group 3 during tooth size measurement (p < .05). There was no significant difference regarding the time used to answer the knowledge questions amongst the three groups.
CONCLUSION
Undergraduate dental students indicated a generally high acceptance of e-models for their learning in orthodontics, and more prefer a blended approach. Students preferring e-models presented higher performance outcomes, which supports cognitive load theory regarding prior exposure to simulation-based environments.
Topics: Education, Dental; Educational Measurement; Humans; Learning; Orthodontics; Students
PubMed: 34528742
DOI: 10.1111/eje.12718 -
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Jul 2022The recent review article by Zonnenberg, Türp and Greene 'Centric relation critically revisited - What are the clinical implications'? opens an important debate by...
The recent review article by Zonnenberg, Türp and Greene 'Centric relation critically revisited - What are the clinical implications'? opens an important debate by addressing topics of central relevance in Dentistry, namely the relationship between occlusion and the condyle-to-glenoid-fossa position, and the need for diagnostic assessment and therapeutic alteration of the condylar position in orthodontic patients. Zonnenberg, Türp and Greene concluded that the mandibular condyle is correctly situated in most orthodontic patients. Thus, in their view, orthodontists can disregard this aspect during treatment, and rely on the plastic properties of the masticatory supporting structures, while aiming at finishing the cases in a good occlusal relationship. We think that this approach fails to consider that biological variation of the stomatognathic structures can also be pathological and that, as dental occlusion determines condylar relative position within the glenoid fossa, changes in the occlusion are likely to alter the original condylar-to-glenoid-fossa relation. Hence, we claim that whenever the occlusal relationship must be changed, the clinician should carefully monitor the condyle position and the mandibular function to prevent possible iatrogenic effects. To advance the discourse on the topic, we invite Zonnenberg, Türp and Greene to clarify their definition of 'average patient' and their interpretation of 'full-mouth orthodontic and orthognathic treatment', their understanding of 'biologically acceptable condylar relationship', their justification of maximum intercuspation as reference position, the extent to which they think it is safe to rely on the TMJ resilience, and finally their alternative to centric relation in the treatment of patients needing condylar repositioning.
Topics: Centric Relation; Dental Occlusion, Centric; Humans; Mandibular Condyle; Temporomandibular Joint
PubMed: 35377510
DOI: 10.1111/joor.13329 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Mar 2020Good posture means spine is neutral. Posture is dictated by the existing occlusion, especially the relation between the maxillary and mandibular permanent first molars....
Good posture means spine is neutral. Posture is dictated by the existing occlusion, especially the relation between the maxillary and mandibular permanent first molars. Overloading the spine due to bad posture is the precursor of many ailments. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome is one of them. Compromised airway is found to be a major contributory factor in sleep apnea cases. Restoring the dental anatomy to its normal has been found to reduce the load on the spine, improving ones posture. It also facilitates the compromised airways to attain normalcy.
PubMed: 32158655
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-019-01734-7 -
Medicine and Pharmacy Reports Jan 2024Bruxism is associated with a variety of factors, some of which are oral (occlusion, joint, face shape) while others are of a systemic nature (respiratory, cardiac,...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Bruxism is associated with a variety of factors, some of which are oral (occlusion, joint, face shape) while others are of a systemic nature (respiratory, cardiac, neurotransmitters, stress). The relationship between bruxism and occlusion has received great attention, but it still has a lot of ambiguity. This study aimed at investigating the parameters that may affect bruxism: dental interferences or premature contacts, vicious habits, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, TMJ noises, TMJ morning fatigue, snoring, obstructive sleep apnea, which may occur before bruxism, or because of chronic parafunction.
METHODS
We conducted an observational, analytical case-control study to determine the association between bruxism and oral cavity factors as well as general factors. Participants were chosen from a group of middle-aged Romanian population. An online questionnaire was used for data collection. A total of one hundred subjects were included in the sample. Fifty cases with bruxism were chosen as a study group, and another fifty persons of similar ages were chosen as a control group. Statistical analysis was performed using the MedCalc version 20.110 software.
RESULTS
The study comprised subjects between 18 and 42 years old. The most prevalent age range was between 20-25 years. The female-male ratio was almost similar; 62% of the participants had sleep bruxism, 10% had awake bruxism and 28% had a combined form. The arithmetic means of the daily stress levels for both research groups' scores were 3.0 for the bruxism group and 3.24 for the control group, while the work stress was 3.04 for the bruxism group and 3.41 for the control group. Dental interferences or premature contacts, vicious habits, TMJ pain, TMJ noises, TMJ morning fatigue, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea were evaluated. The majority of subjects received an oral splint (n=26).
CONCLUSIONS
Bruxism was associated with stress, occlusal parameters (premature contacts and occlusion interferences), and joint pathologies. Bruxism was not found to be positively correlated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. There was a moderately significant association between bruxism and snoring. There was no evidence of an association between bruxism and vicious habits, dental aesthetics, or obstructive sleep apnea. Treatment significantly improved the quality of life, the masticatory and joint functions.
PubMed: 38344337
DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2548 -
Journal of Prosthodontic Research Jan 2023Purpose This literature review aimed to investigate predictability of re-establishment of the occlusion following placement of restorations at an increased OVD, duration... (Review)
Review
Purpose This literature review aimed to investigate predictability of re-establishment of the occlusion following placement of restorations at an increased OVD, duration and to assess the quality of the available evidence.Methods An electronic search of articles using MEDLINE (1946-01/2019), EMBASE (1974-01/2019) and the Cochrane databases was undertaken. Search terms included dental restoration, vertical dimension and time. Studies involving placement of restorations at an increased OVD and recorded the time taken for the occlusion to re-establish were included. Eligibility assessments were carried out independently by two reviewers who also undertook independent extraction of predefined data fields, including study quality indicators.Results The search provided 61 results with 11 being relevant. A further 5 papers were identified for full text analysis. 4 papers used similar data from previous studies and 3 were excluded after full text assessment.. A final total of 9 papers were included in the review. It was indicated that the technique of placing restorations at an increased OVD appears to be clinically predictable in terms of re-establishment of occlusion and appears to occur most rapidly in younger patients.Conclusions The time taken for the occlusion to re-establish was between 15 days to 24 months. However, there is a need for prospective studies to evaluate the process in terms of success, predictive variables and specifically how long the process takes and this information would be helpful for both clinicians and patients, so that they know what to expect before embarking on a treatment.
Topics: Humans; Vertical Dimension; Dental Occlusion; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 35185109
DOI: 10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_21_00106 -
Heliyon Oct 2023Conflicting results on the effects of occlusal proprioceptive information on standing sway have been reported in the literature, partly due to the heterogeneity of the...
Conflicting results on the effects of occlusal proprioceptive information on standing sway have been reported in the literature, partly due to the heterogeneity of the occlusal criterion studied and the experimental protocol used. In this study, occlusal functions, different mandibular positions and visual conditions were used to investigate the involvement of occlusal proprioception information in static postural balance. Postural adjustments of 26 healthy young adults, divided into Class I malocclusion and Class I normocclusion groups, were studied in upright position, in five mandibular positions (1 free, 2 centric and 2 eccentric), with and without vision. Due to different reported test durations, postural parameters were examined for the first and last halves of the 51.2 s acquisition time. A permutation ANOVA with 4 factors was used: group, mandibular position, vision, time window. Mean length of CoP displacement was shorter with vision (ES = 0.30) and more affected by vision loss in the free than in the intercuspal mandibular position (ES = 0.76 . 0.39), which has more tooth contacts. The malocclusion group was more affected by vision loss (ES = 0.64). Unexpectedly, with vision, the mean length was smaller in one eccentric occlusion side compared to the other (ES = 0.51), but independent of the left or right side, and more affected by vision loss (ES = 1.04 vs. ES = 0.71). The first-time window of the acquisition time, i.e. 25.6 s, was sufficient to demonstrate the impact of dental occlusion, except for the sway area. Comparison of the two visual conditions was informative. With vision, the weight of occlusal proprioception was not strictly related to occlusal characteristics (number of teeth in contact; centered or eccentric mandibular position), and it was asymmetrical. Without vision, the lack of difference between groups and mandibular positions suggested a sensory reweighting, probably to limit postural disturbance.
PubMed: 37800066
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20309 -
International Journal of Oral and... Oct 2023The digital articulation of dental models is gradually replacing the conventional physical approach for occlusal prediction planning. This study was performed to compare...
The digital articulation of dental models is gradually replacing the conventional physical approach for occlusal prediction planning. This study was performed to compare the accuracy and reproducibility of free-hand articulation of two groups of digital and physical dental models, 12 Class I (group 1) and 12 Class III (group 2). The models were scanned using an intraoral scanner. The physical and digital models were independently articulated 2 weeks apart by three orthodontists to achieve the maximum inter-digitation, with coincident midlines and a positive overjet and overbite. The occlusal contacts provided by the software color-coded maps were assessed and the differences in the pitch, roll, and yaw were measured. The reproducibility of the achieved occlusion of both the physical and digital articulation was excellent. The z-axis displayed the smallest absolute mean differences of 0.10 ± 0.08 mm and 0.27 ± 0.24 mm in the repeated physical and repeated digital articulations, respectively, both in group 2. The largest discrepancies between the two methods of articulation were in the y-axis (0.76 ± 0.60 mm, P = 0.010) and in roll (1.83° ± 1.72°, P = 0.005). The overall measured differences were< 0.8 mm and< 2°. Despite the steep learning curve, digital occlusal planning is accurate enough for clinical applications.
Topics: Humans; Orthognathic Surgery; Reproducibility of Results; Software; Dental Occlusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Computer-Aided Design
PubMed: 36941160
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2023.03.001