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Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Feb 2023Feline head trauma injuries are common in general practice, often resulting in mandibular fracture. An understanding of the recent advances in the field of mandibular... (Review)
Review
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE
Feline head trauma injuries are common in general practice, often resulting in mandibular fracture. An understanding of the recent advances in the field of mandibular fracture repair will facilitate evidence-based decision-making in clinical practice.
CLINICAL CHALLENGES
Feline maxillofacial and oral anatomy brings unique challenges in comparison with dogs. It has been commonplace to adapt techniques and equipment that are better suited to other body regions or are species-inappropriate for use in feline maxillofacial surgery, and this has traditionally resulted in high morbidity.
AIMS
This review presents an overview of the diagnosis of, and decison-making for, maxillofacial trauma in cats, specifically with reference to the feline mandible. The challenges associated with the management of these injuries are presented. Techniques for repair that can be employed in general practice, as well as more advanced surgical options, are discussed, as well as the indications for invasive vs non-invasive management. Underutilised methods involving composite dental materials and their versatility for the repair of mandibular fractures in cats, and miniplates for caudal mandibular fractures in cats, are specifically covered, as well as other recent advances in the field, including three-dimensional printing and custom-printed implants.
EVIDENCE BASE
Management of feline facial fractures is an often neglected topic, with very few published studies choosing to focus on head trauma outcomes in cats. Where available, however, this review draws on the published literature, as well as the authors' own clinical experience.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Humans; Craniocerebral Trauma; Dentists; Mandibular Fractures
PubMed: 36744847
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X231152521 -
Journal of Imaging Jun 2023The interest in the development of dental enamel thickness measurement techniques is connected to the importance of metric data in taxonomic assessments and evolutionary...
The interest in the development of dental enamel thickness measurement techniques is connected to the importance of metric data in taxonomic assessments and evolutionary research as well as in other directions of dental studies. At the same time, advances in non-destructive imaging techniques and the application of scanning methods, such as micro-focus-computed X-ray tomography, has enabled researchers to study the internal morpho-histological layers of teeth with a greater degree of accuracy and detail. These tendencies have contributed to changes in established views in different areas of dental research, ranging from the interpretation of morphology to metric assessments. In fact, a significant amount of data have been obtained using traditional metric techniques, which now should be critically reassessed using current technologies and methodologies. Hence, we propose new approaches for measuring dental enamel thickness using palaeontological material from the territories of northern Vietnam by means of automated and manually operated techniques. We also discuss method improvements, taking into account their relevance for dental morphology and occlusion. As we have shown, our approaches demonstrate the potential to form closer links between the metric data and dental morphology and provide the possibility for objective and replicable studies on dental enamel thickness through the application of automated techniques. These features are likely to be effective in more profound taxonomic research and for the development of metric and analytical systems. Our technique provides scope for its targeted application in clinical methods, which could help to reveal functional changes in the masticatory system. However, this will likely require improvements in clinically applicable imaging techniques.
PubMed: 37504804
DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9070127 -
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za... Feb 2023To review the research progress of digital occlusion setup in orthognathic surgery. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the research progress of digital occlusion setup in orthognathic surgery.
METHODS
The literature related to digital occlusion setup in orthognathic surgery in recent years was consulted, and the imaging basis, methods, clinical applications as well as existing problems were reviewed.
RESULTS
Digital occlusion setup in orthognathic surgery includes manual, semi-automatics, and fully automatic methods. The manual method mainly relies on visual cues for operation, which is difficult to ensure the best occlusion set up, though relatively flexible. The semi-automatic method utilizes the computer software for partial occlusion set up and adjustment, but the occlusion result is still largely depended by manual operation. The fully automatic method completely depends on the operation of computer software, and targeted algorithms for different occlusion reconstruction situations are needed.
CONCLUSION
The preliminary research results have confirmed the accuracy and reliability of digital occlusion setup in orthognathic surgery, but there are still some limitations. Further research is needed in terms of postoperative outcomes, doctor and patient acceptance, planning time and cost-effectiveness.
Topics: Humans; Orthognathic Surgery; Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; Reproducibility of Results; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Software; Surgery, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 36796824
DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202210086 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2023Background: There is still an ongoing debate about the role of the craniomandibular system, including occlusal conditions, on postural stability. This study aims to...
Background: There is still an ongoing debate about the role of the craniomandibular system, including occlusal conditions, on postural stability. This study aims to assess the role of antero-posterior malocclusion on postural control and plantar pressure distribution during standing and walking. Methods: 90 healthy volunteers (aged 19 to 35) were qualified for the study. The subjects were assigned to three groups, depending on the occlusion type. Each group (Angle Class I, II and III) consisted of 30 people. The research procedure included a clinical occlusal assessment performed by a dentist. Postural control measurements were carried out using a force platform by measuring plantar pressure distribution during standing (six trials with and without visual control) and walking test conditions. Results: The tendency to shift the CoP forward is demonstrated by Angle Class II subjects and backwards by Class I and III subjects (p < 0.001). Individuals with a malocclusion demonstrated significantly higher selected stabilographic parameters while standing on both feet (with eyes open and closed) and during the single-leg test with eyes open (p < 0.05). The analysis of the dynamic test results showed no significant correlations between Angle Classes and the selected gait parameters. Conclusions: Analyses conducted among individuals with malocclusions showed the impact of occlusion on static postural stability. In order to diagnose and effectively treat malocclusion, a multidisciplinary approach with the participation of dentists and physiotherapy specialists is necessary, with the use of stabilometric and kinematic posture assessments.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Dental Occlusion; Malocclusion; Gait; Posture; Standing Position; Postural Balance
PubMed: 36674407
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021652 -
The Angle Orthodontist Mar 2022To investigate the masticatory (masticatory performance, bite force, swallowing threshold, muscle activity, and questionnaires) and nutritional (nutrient intake) impacts... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the masticatory (masticatory performance, bite force, swallowing threshold, muscle activity, and questionnaires) and nutritional (nutrient intake) impacts of the activation and/or installation of different orthodontic appliances (fixed labial, lingual appliances, and clear aligners).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Six electronic databases and gray literature were searched (up to May 2021) for relevant studies evaluating mastication and nutrition after activation/installation of orthodontic appliances. This review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020199510). The risk of bias (RoB 2 and ROBINS-I) and evidence quality Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation were analyzed.
RESULTS
Of 4226 recorded and screened, 15 studies were finally included. Masticatory performance (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 1.069; 95% coefficient interval [CI]: 0.619 to 1.518) and bite force (SMD: -2.542; 95% CI: -4.867 to -0.217) reduced in the first 24 to 48 hours of fixed labial appliance installation/activation, but they were both normalized after 30 days (P > .05). The swallowing threshold remained constant (P > .05). Nutritional intake was rarely reported but showed copper (P = .002) and manganese (P = .016) reductions, with higher calorie and fat intake (P < .05). Lingual appliances impacted chewing more than labial, and clear aligner wearers reported fewer chewing problems (P < .001). Low to very low levels of evidence were found.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on low to very low levels of evidence, mastication was reduced during the first 24 to 48 hours of fixed labial appliance activation/installation, but it was transitory (up to 30 days). Due to insufficient data, the nutritional impact of orthodontic appliances was not conclusive.
Topics: Bite Force; Mastication; Orthodontic Appliances; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Tongue
PubMed: 34878525
DOI: 10.2319/061221-469.1 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Sep 2023The surgery-first approach (SFA) is conducted to decrease the difficulty and duration of orthodontic treatment by correcting the skeletal discrepancy at the initial...
The surgery-first approach (SFA) is conducted to decrease the difficulty and duration of orthodontic treatment by correcting the skeletal discrepancy at the initial stage of treatment. However, the indication of the SFA has not been well defined yet. This study explored the dental occlusion characteristics for treatment decision-making regarding the SFA. A total of 200 skeletal Class III patients were consecutively collected and divided into two groups: the orthodontic-first approach (OFA) group and the SFA group. The pretreatment digital dental models and lateral cephalograms were measured. Logistic regression was completed and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were obtained to predict the probability of the SFA. Results showed that the ROC model with L1-MP, upper and lower arch length discrepancy, overbite, and asymmetric tooth number as influencing factors revealed that the sensitivity and specificity for determining SFA were 83.0% and 65.0%, respectively; the accuracy of prediction was 75.0%. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the six measurements from digital dental models and lateral cephalograms can be effectively applied in treatment decision-making for the SFA with satisfactory accuracy.
PubMed: 37762969
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186029 -
The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal :... Jul 2022To evaluate final posttreatment occlusion in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (cUCLP) by comparing (1) 3 treatment centers, (2) males and females,...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate final posttreatment occlusion in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (cUCLP) by comparing (1) 3 treatment centers, (2) males and females, (3) cleft and noncleft sides, (4) right- and left-sided clefts, and (5) orthodontic treatment with/without orthognathic surgery (OS).
DESIGN
Retrospective cohort study.
PATIENTS
Blinded posttreatment dental casts of 56 patients (19.4 ± 1.4 years) with cUCLP from 3 centers in Switzerland.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Occlusal assessment using the modified Huddart/Bodenham (MHB) index.
RESULTS
Our sample comprised 35 males and 21 females, 46 with left- and 10 with right-sided clefts, of which 32 had undergone OS. The final posttreatment occlusion showed a median MHB score of 0 (interquartile range: -1.0 to 2.0) in the total sample and did not seem to depend on treatment center, sex, or OS. The MHB scores for the anterior buccal and the buccal segments were more negative on the cleft than on the noncleft side ( = .002 and = .006, respectively). When the cleft was on the left side, the MHB score tended to be more positive in the labial ( = .046) and anterior buccal segments ( = .034).
CONCLUSIONS
This study shows a very satisfactory final posttreatment occlusion in patients with cUCLP. The more constricted buccal occlusion on the cleft side emphasizes the attention that should be given in correcting the more medially positioned lesser maxillary segment. The influence of cleft-sidedness should be analyzed further on a sample including more patients with right-sided clefts.
Topics: Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Dental Arch; Female; Humans; Male; Models, Dental; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34235980
DOI: 10.1177/10556656211028506 -
European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry Sep 2022Malocclusion is an alteration of the normal relationships between skeletal, muscle and dental structures that can lead to impaired functionality as well as aesthetic...
AIM
Malocclusion is an alteration of the normal relationships between skeletal, muscle and dental structures that can lead to impaired functionality as well as aesthetic alteration of the stomatognathic system. Functional alteration can affect various aspects, ranging from chewing ability to respiratory disorders. Paediatricians and dentists are called to prevent and diagnose these conditions as early as possible in order to preserve the patient's health. The purpose of this research is to study the incidence of malocclusion and its relationship with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) in a young population. Also, the role of paediatricians and dentists in prevention and early diagnosis of this condition was evaluated METHODS: An anonymous survey was given through Google form to 300 Italian children (139 males and 161 females) from different private dental practices in Italy. No personal information that identifies the individuals was collected, and the data was analysed in aggregate form only. All data was collected and statistically analysed.
CONCLUSION
The data highlight the patients' good attitude towards dental check-ups, which help to intercept malocclusions. Unlike the past, the knowledge of the importance of oral health and dental occlusion is high among young patients, parents and paediatricians. This study underlines the role of paediatricians as key players in the prevention of dental health problems.
Topics: Child; Early Diagnosis; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Malocclusion; Parents; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36172913
DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2022.23.03.02 -
Journal of Dental Research, Dental... 2022Temporomandibular disorders have common signs and symptoms, including pain in the masticatory muscles, limitation or deviation in a mandibular range of motion, and... (Review)
Review
Temporomandibular disorders have common signs and symptoms, including pain in the masticatory muscles, limitation or deviation in a mandibular range of motion, and other common patient complaints, such as headache and earache. The main focus of this study was to collect comprehensive and integrated data on the effect of the posterior stop on temporomandibular joint disorders, as well as prevention, treatment, and follow-up care for the patients. The authors conducted the search in PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINHAL, Medline, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Magiran, IranDoc, SID, and Iranmedex databases for relevant articles. A list of selected study sources, related conferences, and grey literature were manually searched in addition to the databases mentioned above. A 21-year time limit was imposed (2000-2021). Finally, 16 articles were selected to be reviewed in this systematic review. The designs of the included studies were heterogeneous, and due to the low number of studies covered, the authors could not carry out a meta-analysis. The causes of temporomandibular disorders are multifactorial and complex. Therefore, it is difficult to investigate the relationship between this disorder and predictors. The results of the present study indicate that to determine the effect of the posterior stop on temporomandibular joint disorders, more clinical trials and case-control studies should be conducted.
PubMed: 36704181
DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2022.025 -
Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical... Nov 2022Occlusal analysis is important to analyze any disharmony in occlusion. Atraumatic dental occlusion leads to evolution of T-scan. T-scan gives a valuable procedure for...
Occlusal analysis is important to analyze any disharmony in occlusion. Atraumatic dental occlusion leads to evolution of T-scan. T-scan gives a valuable procedure for clinical assessment and perception of occlusal problems. T-scan can also be used in periodontitis patients for checking the occlusal pattern. Occlusal problems and periodontal disease relationship remains controversial. Further research is needed to determine whether occlusal adjustment is necessary for periodontal treatment. The main aim of the study was to assess the occlusal pattern using T-scan in periodontitis patients. Thirty periodontitis subjects were taken and checked for occlusion using T-scan. The subject's age group was 35-55 years. The study included 15 males and 15 females. Plaque index, gingival index, attachment loss, probing depth, centric occlusion (CO), protrusion, right lateral, and left lateral were the parameters studied. Occlusal adjustments were needed to decrease and dissipate the abnormal occlusal forces. The significance of statistical tests for various movements are as follows: CO (right and left) ( = 0.077) > 0.05; protrusion (right and left) ( = 0.09) > 0.05; left side lateral (right side and left side) ( = 0.01) < 0.05; right lateral (right side and left side) ( = 0.00) < 0.05. CO and protrusion (right, left) for males and females are not significant. Left lateral and right lateral (right, left) for males and females were significant. The T-scan manages adequate specificity and sensitivity. Hence, these act as a distinctive tool for diagnosis and better unreliable when used intraorally. The T-scan method is definitely a valuable tool for examining and evaluating the occlusal contacts during maximal intercuspation.
PubMed: 36643123
DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_225_22