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TheScientificWorldJournal 2021Traumatic dental injuries represent nearly 5% of children and adolescents' injuries leading to serious medical and psychological issues. This current study aims to...
BACKGROUND
Traumatic dental injuries represent nearly 5% of children and adolescents' injuries leading to serious medical and psychological issues. This current study aims to evaluate the prevalence of dental trauma and its potential association with different predisposing factors among 12-and 15-year-old schoolchildren in Lebanon.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
7902 schoolchildren, 3806 male and 4096 female aged 12 years ( = 3985) and 15 years ( = 3917), were recruited by a stratified multistaged randomized cluster sampling method from public and private schools and were clinically examined in a national cross-sectional study. WHO criteria were used to assess anterior permanent teeth; the nature of trauma, the tooth involved, the size of the incisal overjet, and the type of the lip coverage were furthermore assessed. Data regarding age, sex, and causes of TDI were recorded through a structured questionnaire.
RESULTS
The prevalence of dental trauma to anterior teeth was 10.9%. Maxillary central incisors (83.7%) were commonly affected. The most common type of injury was enamel fracture (68.3%), falls being the main reason (52.5%). Increased overjet (OR = 2.32, = 0.034), deficient lip coverage (OR = 5.73, = 0.019), and gender (OR = 5.36, ≤ 0.001) were significant predisposing factors for dental trauma.
CONCLUSION
This research highlighted many predisposing factors for dental trauma that affect commonly the anterior teeth. Based on these results, the implementation of strategic preventive measurements targeting especially the identified risk groups remains crucial.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Adolescent; Athletic Injuries; Child; Dental Enamel; Female; Humans; Lebanon; Lip; Male; Overbite; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sampling Studies; Sex Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tooth Fractures; Tooth Injuries
PubMed: 33746633
DOI: 10.1155/2021/5587431 -
Journal of International Society of... 2022The aim of this article is to establish a comprehensive nation-wide prevalence of malocclusion traits on the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes of space in Saudi... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this article is to establish a comprehensive nation-wide prevalence of malocclusion traits on the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes of space in Saudi Arabia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in three databases (Medline via PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) and complemented with a manual search of Google Scholar and the reference list of included studies. Original studies of Saudi Arabian healthy individuals at any age were included. The quality and the risk of bias of the included studies were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's appraisal tool. The data about the selected malocclusion traits on the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes of space were extracted and pooled.
RESULTS
Out of 7163 identified titles, 11 studies were finally included. The risk of bias was high in two studies, moderate in eight studies, and low in one study. The studied age groups were from early childhood to late adulthood, with a total sample size of 19,169 participants. The majority of the studies recruited their sample from school/public sources, whereas the remaining three studies recruited their sample from dental (non-orthodontic) clinics.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this study, pooled prevalence of Angle's Class I molar relation in Saudi Arabia was similar to other populations but Angle's Class II and Class III molar relations were lower and higher, respectively. These differences could be attributed to population-related differences in craniofacial morphology. Teeth crowding, teeth spacing, and midline shift, along with increased overjet and overbite, were among the most common malocclusion traits occurring in Saudi Arabia.
PubMed: 35281679
DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_251_21 -
Journal of Personalized Medicine Mar 2022Mandibular advancement devices for obstructive sleep apnea treatment are becoming increasingly popular among patients who do not prefer CPAP devices or surgery. Our... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Mandibular advancement devices for obstructive sleep apnea treatment are becoming increasingly popular among patients who do not prefer CPAP devices or surgery. Our study aims to evaluate the literature regarding potential dental and skeletal side effects caused by mandibular advancement appliances used for adult OSA treatment.
METHODS
Electronic databases were searched for published and unpublished literature along with the reference lists of the eligible studies. Randomized clinical trials and non-randomized trials assessing dental and skeletal changes by comparing cephalometric radiographs were selected. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed individually and in duplicate. Fourteen articles were finally selected (two randomized clinical trials and 12 non-randomized trials).
RESULTS
The results suggest that mandibular advancement devices used for OSA treatment increase the lower incisor proclination by 1.54 ± 0.16°, decrease overjet by 0.89 ± 0.04 mm and overbite by 0.68 ± 0.04 mm, rotate the mandible downward and forward, and increase the SNA angle by to 0.06 ± 0.03°. The meta-analysis revealed high statistical heterogeneity.
CONCLUSIONS
The MADs affect the lower incisor proclination, overjet, overbite, the rotation of the mandible and the SNA angle. More randomized clinical trials providing high-quality evidence are needed to support those findings.
PubMed: 35330482
DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030483 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2022The aim of the present retrospective study was evaluating skeletal, dental and soft tissue changes of two groups of Class II patients orthodontically treated with...
Skeletal, Dental and Soft Tissue Cephalometric Changes after Orthodontic Treatment of Dental Class II Malocclusion with Maxillary First Molar or First Premolar Extractions.
The aim of the present retrospective study was evaluating skeletal, dental and soft tissue changes of two groups of Class II patients orthodontically treated with extractions of upper first premolars (U4 group) and upper first molars (U6 group). In total, 21 patient records (9M and 12F; mean age 12.5 ± 1.2 years) were selected for the U4 group, and 38 patient records (17M and 21F; mean age 13.2 ± 1.3 years) were recruited for the U6 group. Twenty cephalometric variables were analysed on standardised lateral cephalograms at baseline (T0) and at the end of orthodontic treatment (T1). Means and standard deviations (SDs) were calculated for both groups and increments were calculated. After revealing the normal distribution of data with the Shapiro-Wilk test, Student's -test was used to compare variables at T0 between groups. A paired -test was used to analyse changes between time points within each group, and Student's -test to compare differences between groups at T1. Both groups showed a significant increase in the distance among upper second molars and the vertical pterygoid line (PTV-maxillary second molar centroid U6 group: 6.66 ± 5.00 mm; U4 group: 3.66 ± 2.20 mm). Moreover, the distance of upper incisors to the palatal plane significantly increased (PP-maxillary incisor tip U6 group: 1.09 ± 1.52 mm; U4 group: 0.20 ± 2.00 mm; = 0.061). Significant changes were found for overjet (U6 group: -4.86 ± 1.62 mm; U4 group: -3.27 ± 1.90 mm; = 0.001). The distance between upper lip and esthetic plane showed a significantly reduction in both groups (ULip-E Plane U6 group: -2.98 ± 1.65 mm; U4 group: -1.93 ± 1.57 mm). No statistically significant changes were found in sagittal or vertical skeletal values. The significantly larger reduction of upper lip protrusion and overjet in the U6 group compared to the U4 group suggests preferring molar extraction treatment for severe Class II with protrusive soft tissues' profile and increased overjet. Since no differences on vertical values were found, an increased SN^GoGn angle should not be considered a discriminating factor for choosing molar extraction treatment.
PubMed: 35683555
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113170 -
Jornal de Pediatria 2021To evaluate the orofacial characteristics of very low-birth-weight preterm infants through anthropometric facial measures, orofacial anteroposterior analysis and the...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the orofacial characteristics of very low-birth-weight preterm infants through anthropometric facial measures, orofacial anteroposterior analysis and the relationship between the gum pads.
METHOD
Orofacial examinations was performed in 154 infants, classified into two groups: Group A comprised 54 very low-birth-weight infants who were examined after clinical stabilization and before hospital discharge, and Group B comprised 100 full-term infants.
RESULTS
The average anthropometricmeasurements in millimetres for Group A and Group B were as follows: upper third:30.2 and 31.1; middle third: 24.2 and 25.9; lower third: 27.6 and 29.9; facial width: 64.8and 81.4. Regarding the orofacial anteroposterior analysis, the results showed that in99% of these infants, the mandible was in a retrognathic position relative to the maxilla.Group A and Group B had the following distributions of the relationship between thegum pads: overbite-overjet: 43% and 77%; overjet: 39% and 17%; open bite: 15% and3%; end-to-end: 2% and 1%; overbite: both 2%.
CONCLUSION
The very low-birth-weight preterm infants showed the upper third with the highest values in the facialharmony analysis, followed by the lower third and the middle third; and exhibited themandible in a retrognathic position relative to the maxilla, and with overbite-overjet themost prevalent type of gum pad relationship. The study emphasizes the importance of orofacial examination during neonatal hospitalization and the investigation of birth weight and gestational age in a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach that includes orofacial neonatal evaluation and actions that promote oral health, besides foster follow-up studies.
Topics: Birth Weight; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; Patient Discharge
PubMed: 32084437
DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2019.12.005 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Oct 2022This study aimed to investigate the malocclusion complexity and orthodontic treatment need among children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) referred for...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the malocclusion complexity and orthodontic treatment need among children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) referred for orthodontic treatment by quantifying the Discrepancy Index (DI) and Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Dental records of 48 ASD and 49 non-ASD consecutive patients aged between 9 and 18 years (median age 13.0 years) referred for orthodontic treatment were reviewed and compared. The Discrepancy Index (DI) was quantified to determine the malocclusion complexity, and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), including the Dental Health Component (IOTN-DHC) and Aesthetic Component (IOTN-AC), was quantified to determine the orthodontic treatment need. Statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, Pearson chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U tests, and several univariate and multivariate regression analyses. The statistical analysis used descriptive analysis, Pearson chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS
The results show that both malocclusion complexity (DI, p = 0.0010) and orthodontic treatment need (IOTN-DHC, p = 0.0025; IOTN-AC p = 0.0009) were significantly higher in children with ASD. Furthermore, children with ASD had a higher prevalence of increased overjet (p = .0016) and overbite (p = .031).
CONCLUSIONS
Malocclusion complexity and orthodontic treatment need are statistically significantly higher among children with ASD than children without ASD, independent of age and sex.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Children with autism may benefit from visits to a dental specialist (orthodontist) to prevent, to some extent, developing malocclusions from an early age.
Topics: Adolescent; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Esthetics, Dental; Health Services Needs and Demand; Humans; Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Orthodontics, Corrective; Overbite
PubMed: 35701552
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04578-8 -
European Journal of Dental Education :... Aug 2023The aim was to assess the ability and confidence of UK undergraduate dental students in applying the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and determining...
INTRODUCTION
The aim was to assess the ability and confidence of UK undergraduate dental students in applying the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and determining appropriate orthodontic referral.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a cross-sectional survey using a case-based online questionnaire. Fourth and fifth year undergraduate dental students were recruited from UK dental schools through their university and social media. Six cases were presented and participants were asked to provide an IOTN score and judgement about referral. Participants were asked about their confidence, experience and orthodontic teaching.
RESULTS
Sixty-nine responses were returned. A quarter of participants reported having used IOTN before in a clinical setting. Clinical experience with IOTN influenced confidence. Familiarity with making orthodontic referrals was low and only one participant reported having made an orthodontic referral. Correct IOTN scores were given by 68% of participants for a large 14 mm overjet (5a) case, 43% of participants for an impacted canine (5i) case and 26% of participants for an impacted premolar (5i) case. Incorrect IOTN was most common in hypodontia cases with only 19% correctly identifying mild hypodontia (4h) and 28% identifying severe hypodontia (5h). For the majority of cases, incorrect answers about referral were due to confusion between specialist practitioner and orthodontic consultant pathways.
CONCLUSIONS
Dental students' ability and confidence in correctly applying the IOTN Dental Health Component and selecting the appropriate referral pathway was inadequate. Responses suggest a lack of clinical experience in assessing patients, applying the IOTN and making referrals. The low response rate is disappointing and limits the scope for making recommendations.
Topics: Humans; Malocclusion; Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need; Students, Dental; Cross-Sectional Studies; Anodontia; Education, Dental; Referral and Consultation; United Kingdom
PubMed: 35767394
DOI: 10.1111/eje.12832 -
Head & Face Medicine Feb 2021The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between body posture and sagittal dental overjet in children before and after early orthodontic treatment with...
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between body posture and sagittal dental overjet in children before and after early orthodontic treatment with removable functional orthodontic appliances.
METHODS
Angle Class II patients (mean age 8.2 ± 1.2 years; 29 males and 25 females) with a distinctly enlarged overjet (> 9 mm) were retrospectively examined regarding body posture parameters before and after early orthodontic treatment. In addition, changes in overjet were investigated with the aid of plaster models. Forms of transverse dysgnathism (crossbite, lateral malocclusions) and open bite cases were excluded. Body posture parameters kyphosis, lordosis, surface rotation, pelvic tilt, pelvic torsion and trunk imbalance were analyzed by means of rasterstereographical photogrammetry to determine, if the orthodontic overjet correction is associated with specific changes in posture patterns.
RESULTS
In nearly all patients an overjet correction and an improvement regarding all body posture and back parameters could be noted after early orthodontic treatment. Overjet reduction (- 3.9 mm ± 2.1 mm) and pelvic torsion (- 1.28° ± 0,44°) were significantly (p < 0.05) and moderately correlated (R = 0.338) with no significant associations found for the other posture and back parameters (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Overjet reduction during early orthodontic treatment may be associated with a detectable effect on pelvic torsion.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Male; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; Posture; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33546715
DOI: 10.1186/s13005-021-00255-5 -
International Journal of Clinical... 2020Treatment of the posterior crossbite (Brodie bite) case is always challenging for orthodontics. The case requires meticulous treatment planning and is often difficult...
UNLABELLED
Treatment of the posterior crossbite (Brodie bite) case is always challenging for orthodontics. The case requires meticulous treatment planning and is often difficult and time-consuming to treat Brodie bite. This kind of malocclusion develops partially because of lingual tipping of the lower segments, and partially because of a lower jaw too small, relative to the maxilla. A young male 12 years of age came to the dental department with chief complaints of unable to chew food and with lower jaw teeth contained within the upper jaw. Clinical examination revealed class II div I malocclusion, increased overjet and lingually locked upper left lateral incisor with just one occlusal contact at the left first molar region (mandibular teeth contained within the maxillary dentition). Though there are various treatment options available such as extractions, expansion, dental arch compensation, or orthognathic surgery for treating Brodie bite, the best treatment option should be chosen, which requires proper diagnosis. This article discusses one such case that was diagnosed and planned as three-phase treatment with two modifications in mechanotherapy.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Agrawal A. Brodie Bite: A Clinical Challenge. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(3):288-294.
PubMed: 32904098
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1748 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Feb 2021The aim of this study was to assess the effect of overjet and overbite on profile shape in middle-aged individuals.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of overjet and overbite on profile shape in middle-aged individuals.
METHODS
The study population comprised 1754 46-year-old individuals, members of the 1966 Northern Finland Birth Cohort. Their profile images were digitized using 48 landmarks and semi-landmarks. The subsequent landmark coordinates were then transformed to shape coordinates through Procrustes Superimposition, and final data were reduced into Principal Components (PCs) of shape. Overjet and overbite values were measured manually, during a clinical examination. A multivariate regression model was developed to evaluate the effect of overjet and overbite on profile shape.
RESULTS
The first nine PCs described more than 90% of profile shape variation in the sample and were used as the shape variables in all subsequent analyses. Overjet predicted 21.3% of profile shape in the entire sample (ηoverjet = 0.213; < 0.001), while the effect of overbite was weaker (ηoverbite = 0.138; < 0.001). In males, the equivalent effects were 22.6% for overjet and 14% for overbite, and in females, 25.5% and 13.5%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Incisor occlusion has a noteworthy effect on profile shape in middle-aged adults. Its impact becomes more significant taking into consideration the large variety of genetic and environmental factors affecting soft tissue profile.
PubMed: 33671163
DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040800