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Stem Cell Research & Therapy Jan 2021Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, is caused by the loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra... (Review)
Review
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, is caused by the loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra resulting in a series of motor or non-motor disorders. Current treatment methods are unable to stop the progression of PD and may bring certain side effects. Cell replacement therapy has brought new hope for the treatment of PD. Recently, human dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells have received extensive attention. Currently, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are considered to have strong potential for the treatment of these neurodegenerative diseases. These cells are considered to be ideal cell sources for the treatment of PD on account of their unique characteristics, such as neural crest origin, immune rejection, and lack of ethical issues. In this review, we briefly describe the research investigating cell therapy for PD and discuss the application and progress of DPSCs and SHED in the treatment of PD. This review offers significant and comprehensive guidance for further clinical research on PD.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Dental Pulp; Dopaminergic Neurons; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Parkinson Disease; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 33407864
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01957-4 -
Biomedical Papers of the Medical... Nov 2021Teeth extracted are usually disposed as bio-waste whereas they could serve as an autologous tissue for culturing multipotent dental pulp cells which have application...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Teeth extracted are usually disposed as bio-waste whereas they could serve as an autologous tissue for culturing multipotent dental pulp cells which have application potential in regenerative medicine. This study aimed to examine the feasibility of cryopreserving dental pulp tissue at teeth extraction for later culturing of cells.
METHODS
The pulp tissue from each of a total of 10 teeth was cut into small fragments which were then divided into two portions. One portion was directly used for culturing pulp cells using the explant method. The other portion was cryopreserved with 10% DMSO in liquid nitrogen for at least one month and then thawed for culturing pulp cells.
RESULTS
Vital cells were obtained from all the 10 pulp fragment suspensions which went through cryopreservation. The cell outgrowth from the explants of cryopreserved pulp fragments was two days later than that of corresponding fresh pulp tissue. Otherwise, no difference was observed in proliferation, expression of stem cell markers and differentiation into adipose cells and osteoblasts between the two groups of cells cultured from the fresh or the cryopreserved pulp fragments.
CONCLUSIONS
Cryopreserving fragmented dental pulp tissue provides a feasible option for saving pulp tissues as autologous cell sources for possible later application.
Topics: Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Cryopreservation; Dental Pulp; Humans; Stem Cells
PubMed: 33325456
DOI: 10.5507/bp.2020.061 -
STAR Protocols Dec 2021Teeth and the surrounding periodontal tissues are affected by many pathologies that compromise their integrity and significantly affect life quality. The study of the...
Teeth and the surrounding periodontal tissues are affected by many pathologies that compromise their integrity and significantly affect life quality. The study of the main dental tissues, the dental pulp and periodontium, is made arduous by their close association with highly mineralized tissues (dentin, cementum, and alveolar bone). Here we describe a protocol to isolate all cells composing human dental pulp and periodontium for single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Pagella et al. (2021).
Topics: Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Separation; Cells, Cultured; Dental Pulp; Humans; Periodontium; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Single-Cell Analysis; Tooth
PubMed: 34825216
DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100953 -
Cell Proliferation Jan 2024Dental pulp injury remains a clinical challenge with limited therapeutic approaches. In the present study, we sought to prove that dental pulp stromal cells (DPSCs)...
Dental pulp injury remains a clinical challenge with limited therapeutic approaches. In the present study, we sought to prove that dental pulp stromal cells (DPSCs) mitochondrial transfer could promote dental pulp injury repair and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial contacts have a significant regulatory effect on mitochondrial transfer. Healthy DPSCs were co-cultured directly or indirectly with injured DPSCs in the first molar of 1-2 month SD rats or in vitro. Mitochondrial transfer was observed after 24 h of co-culture using fluorescence microscopy and live cell workstation. After co-culture for 1W, 8-OhdG immunofluorescence, mitochondrial membrane potential and total oxidant status/total antioxidant status were used to detect the mitochondrial function of injured DPSCs before and after mitochondrial transfer. Subsequently, mitochondria-ER co-transfer was regulated by modulating mitochondria-ER binding in healthy DPSCs, and the results of GRP78 and CHOP in DPSCs, and PDI immunofluorescence and haematoxylin and eosin staining of pulp tissue were analysed to clarify the effects of modulating mitochondria-ER co-transfer on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and on pulp injury repair. Fluorescence microscopy and live cell workstation results showed significant mitochondrial transfer between DPSCs. Meanwhile, mitochondrial transfer significantly restored mitochondrial function in injured DPSCs. By modulating mitochondrial-ER binding, the efficiency of mitochondrial transfer between DPSCs was significantly affected and had an impact on ERS in injured cells. Mitochondrial transfer of DPSCs significantly promotes pulpal injury repair and functional recovery of damaged DPSCs, and mitochondrial transfer of DPSCs is regulated by mitochondria-ER binding.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Stem Cells; Cells, Cultured; Dental Pulp; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stromal Cells; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation
PubMed: 37493094
DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13530 -
Bioscience Reports Jun 2020Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) regenerate injured/diseased pulp tissue and deposit tertiary dentin. DPSCs stress response can be activated by exposing cells to the...
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) regenerate injured/diseased pulp tissue and deposit tertiary dentin. DPSCs stress response can be activated by exposing cells to the monomer triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and inducing the DNA-damage inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) protein expression. The goal of the present study was to determine the impact of TEGDMA on the ability of DPSCs to maintain their self-renewal capabilities, develop and preserve their 3D structures and deposit the mineral. Human primary and immortalized DPSCs were cultured in extracellular matrix/basement membrane (ECM/BM) to support stemness and to create multicellular interacting layers (microtissues). The microtissues were exposed to the toxic concentrations of TEGDMA (0.5 and 1.5 mmol/l). The DPSCs spatial architecture was assessed by confocal microscopy. Mineral deposition was detected by alizarin red staining and visualized by stereoscopy. Cellular self-renewal transcription factor SOX2 was determined by immunocytochemistry. The microtissue thicknesses/vertical growth, surface area of the mineralizing microtissues, the percentage of area covered by the deposited mineral, and the fluorescence intensity of the immunostained cells were quantified ImageJ. DDIT4 expression was determined by a single molecule RNA-FISH technique and the cell phenotype was determined morphologically. DDIT4 expression was correlated with the cytotoxic phenotype. TEGDMA affected the structures of developing and mature microtissues. It inhibited the deposition of the mineral in the matrix while not affecting the SOX2 expression. Our data demonstrate that DPSCs retained their self-renewal capacity although their other functions were impeded. Since the DPSCs pool remained preserved, properties effected by the irritant should be restored by a proper rescue therapy.
Topics: Adult; Cell Line; Cell Self Renewal; Composite Resins; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Dentinogenesis; Humans; Phenotype; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymethacrylic Acids; Primary Cell Culture; SOXB1 Transcription Factors; Signal Transduction; Stem Cells; Transcription Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 32495822
DOI: 10.1042/BSR20200210 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022The prevalence of dental caries in the Mexican adult population aged 20 to 85 years is around 93.3%, and 50% in Mexican children and adolescents. Worldwide, it is the...
The prevalence of dental caries in the Mexican adult population aged 20 to 85 years is around 93.3%, and 50% in Mexican children and adolescents. Worldwide, it is the most common non-communicable disease. One of the main etiological factors for dental caries is the oral microbiome and changes in its structure and function, with an expansion of pathogenic bacteria like . The exposed dental pulp tissue triggers an innate immune response to counteract this bacterial invasion. The relation between oral dysbiosis and innate immune responses remains unclear. We aimed to understand the relationship between innate immune response and the oral microbiota by quantifying the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and proinflammatory markers (cytokines and a chemokine) in dental pulp tissue, either exposed or not to carious dentin, and to correlate this information with the oral microbiome found in healthy teeth and those with moderate caries. RNA was purified from pulp tissue, subjected to RT-qPCR and analysed with the method. Supragingival dental plaque of non-carious teeth and dentin of carious teeth were subjected to 16S targeted sequencing. Principal coordinate analysis, permutational multivariate ANOVA, and linear discriminant analysis were used to assess differences between non-carious and carious teeth. Correlations were assessed with Spearman´s test and corrected for multiple comparisons using the FDR method. The relative abundance (RA) of , and was increased in carious teeth; while the RA of and decreased. and were only detected in carious teeth. Significant overexpression of interleukin 1 beta (IL1 β), IL6, and CXCL8 was detected in pulp tissue exposed to carious dentin. IL1β correlated positively with TLR2 and ; yet negatively with These findings suggest that immune response of pulp tissue chronically exposed to cariogenic microbiome is triggered by proinflammatory cytokines IL1β and IL6 and the chemokine CXCL8.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Humans; Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Cytokines; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Interleukin-6; Microbiota; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 36569197
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.958722 -
Forensic Science International Jul 2024Teeth are biological structures with a high degree of hardness, density, calcification, and capacity to adapt to extrinsic factors at physical, biological, and... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Teeth are biological structures with a high degree of hardness, density, calcification, and capacity to adapt to extrinsic factors at physical, biological, and physiological levels. Subsequently, they resist for a longer period in deteriorating environmental conditions. With dental analysis, it is possible to acquire biographical data about a person. The aim of this scoping review was to identify publications using human teeth tissues to estimate sexual dimorphism.
METHODS
The scoping review was carried out in the following databases: Jstor, Scielo, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus, using ten search strategies in English and guaranteeing completeness and reproducibility of the phases stipulated in the PRISMA guide.
RESULTS
143 studies on sexual dimorphism based on dental tissue traits were included, of which 40.6% (n = 58) were done in Asia and 27.2% (n = 39) in America. 80% of the studies (equivalent to 114 articles) focused their observations and measurements on the dental crown; 4.2% in enamel, dentin, and pulp together; 3.5% in dental pulp; 2.1% in the entire tooth; 2.8% in enamel, root, and the enamel-cementum junction, and only 0.7% in dentin and pulp. In addition, 92.3% of the studies used metric methods, while only 4.9% and 2.8% used biochemical and non-metric method respectively.
CONCLUSION
For sexual dimorphism establishment, enamel has been the most analyzed dental tissue in permanent canines and molars mainly. Likewise, the most widely and accurately used methods for this purpose are the metrics, with the odontometry as the most implemented (intraoral or by using dental plaster models, digital scanning or software) with prediction percentages ranging from 51% to 95.9%. In contrast to biochemical methods, that can achieve the highest precision (up to 100%), the non-metric methods, to a less extent, reported prediction percentages of 58%.
Topics: Humans; Sex Characteristics; Tooth; Forensic Dentistry; Dentin; Dental Enamel; Dental Pulp
PubMed: 38824866
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112061 -
Journal of Biochemistry Jan 2022The dental pulp is critical for the production of odontoblasts to create reparative dentin. In recent years, dental pulp has become a promising source of mesenchymal...
The dental pulp is critical for the production of odontoblasts to create reparative dentin. In recent years, dental pulp has become a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells that are capable of differentiating into multiple cell types. To elucidate the transcriptional control mechanisms specifying the early phases of odontoblast differentiation, we analysed the DNA demethylation pattern associated with 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in the primary murine dental pulp. 5hmC plays an important role in chromatin accessibility and transcriptional control by modelling a dynamic equilibrium between DNA methylation and demethylation. Our research revealed 5hmC enrichment along genes and non-coding regulatory regions associated with specific developmental pathways in the genome of mouse incisor and molar dental pulp. Although the overall distribution of 5hmC is similar, the intensity and location of the 5hmC peaks significantly differs between the incisor and molar pulp genome, indicating cell type-specific epigenetic variations. Our study suggests that the differential DNA demethylation pattern could account for the distinct regulatory mechanisms underlying the tooth-specific ontogenetic programs.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Dental Pulp; Genome; Incisor; Mice; Odontoblasts
PubMed: 34676418
DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab114 -
Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Mitigate Haematopoietic Damage after Radiation.Stem Cell Reviews and Reports Apr 2021Radiation therapy can cause haematopoietic damage, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to reverse this damage. Our...
Radiation therapy can cause haematopoietic damage, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to reverse this damage. Our previous research showed that dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have a strong proliferation capacity and can produce abundant amounts of EVs to meet the requirements for use in vitro and in vivo. DPSCs derived EVs (DPSCs-EVs) are evaluated for their effect on reducing haematopoietic damage. Haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) numbers and function were assessed by flow cytometry, peripheral blood cell counts, histology and bone marrow transplantation. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was used as a reference for evaluating the efficiency of EVs. miRNA microarray was employed to find out the changes of miRNA expression after cells being irradiated in vivo and the role they may play in mitigation the radiation caused injury. We observed the effect of DPSCs-EVs on promoting proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and FDC-P1 cells in vitro. We found that DPSCs-EVs and EGF could comparably inhibit the decrease in WBC, CFU count and KSL cells in vivo. We also verified that EVs could accelerate the recovery of long-term HSCs. In summary, DPSCs-EVs showed an apoptosis resistant effect on HUVECs and FDC-P1 cells after radiation injury in vitro. EVs from DPSCs were comparable to EGF in their ability to regulate haematopoietic regeneration after radiation injury in vivo. Radiation could alter the expression of some miRNAs in bone marrow cells, and EVs could correct these changes to some extent. Graphical abstract.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Endothelial Cells; Epidermal Growth Factor; Extracellular Vesicles; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; MicroRNAs; Radiation Injuries; Stem Cells
PubMed: 32749649
DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10020-x -
Scientific Reports Oct 2023Vascular calcification, an ectopic calcification exacerbated by aging and renal dysfunction, is closely associated with cardiovascular disease. However, early detection...
Vascular calcification, an ectopic calcification exacerbated by aging and renal dysfunction, is closely associated with cardiovascular disease. However, early detection indicators are limited. This study focused on dental pulp stones, ectopic calcifications found in oral tissues that are easily identifiable on dental radiographs. Our investigation explored the frequency and timing of these calcifications in different locations and their relationship to aortic calcification. In cadavers, we examined the association between the frequency of dental pulp stones and aortic calcification, revealing a significant association. Notably, dental pulp stones appeared prior to aortic calcification. Using a rat model of hyperphosphatemia, we confirmed that dental pulp stones formed earlier than calcification in the aortic arch. Interestingly, there were very few instances of aortic calcification without dental pulp stones. Additionally, we conducted cell culture experiments with vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and dental pulp cells (DPCs) to explore the regulatory mechanism underlying high phosphate-mediated calcification. We found that DPCs produced calcification deposits more rapidly and exhibited a stronger augmentation of osteoblast differentiation markers compared with SMCs. In conclusion, the observation of dental pulp stones through X-ray examination during dental checkups could be a valuable method for early diagnosis of aortic calcification risk.
Topics: Rats; Animals; X-Rays; Dental Pulp Calcification; Radiography; Vascular Calcification; Early Diagnosis; Dental Pulp
PubMed: 37903847
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45902-w