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Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022The aim of this systematic review was to verify if the presence of different antimicrobial agents in dentifrices is effective in reducing the number of microorganisms... (Review)
Review
The aim of this systematic review was to verify if the presence of different antimicrobial agents in dentifrices is effective in reducing the number of microorganisms for disease prevention. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF). A search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Two independent authors reviewed the titles and abstracts according to the inclusion criteria, which comprised in vitro studies published in English that evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial agents in dentifrices and their antimicrobial activity. A total of 527 articles were found. Of these, 334 were included for reading of the title and abstract, and 69 were selected for reading in full. In the end, 39 articles remained in this review. Triclosan, sodium fluoride, and sodium monofluorophosphate were the most commonly used chemical antimicrobial agents. Among the herbal agents, miswak extract and neem extract were the most commonly used. The presence of antimicrobial agents in dentifrice formulations can promote the reduction of the number of microorganisms involved in oral diseases, but with variations in their effectiveness, depending on the agent used and the microorganism evaluated.
PubMed: 36290071
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101413 -
PloS One 2022In home care, the toothpaste technique, which can enhance the caries-preventive effect without changing the amount of dentifrice and fluoride ion concentration, is of...
In home care, the toothpaste technique, which can enhance the caries-preventive effect without changing the amount of dentifrice and fluoride ion concentration, is of great significance. This study aimed to construct a model and experimental system that reproduces the interdental part and to clarify the relationship between the change in dentifrice viscosity due to dilution and washout in the high-risk approximal area of caries. Additionally, the effectiveness of the toothpaste technique and appropriate devices for delivering dentifrice to the interdental area at a low dilution were investigated. Diluted toothpaste samples were prepared (: ×1.00, ×1.25, ×1.50, ×1.75, ×2.00, ×3.00, and ×4.00). An acrylic interproximal model was created for this experiment. The flow characteristics and viscosity by dentifrice dilution were measured. In the case of low dilution of 57% (1.75×) or more, it was shown that the dentifrice in the high-risk area may be washed out early because of the decrease in viscosity, and the caries-preventive effect may be reduced. It was also suggested that to keep the dentifrice in the interdental area for 120 s at the end of brushing, a dilution must be devised to a concentration of at least 50% (2.00×). The prepared toothpaste delivery (PTD) method of delivering dentifrice to the interdental area while maintaining it at a low dilution is an effective toothpaste technique in terms of dentifrice dilution and viscosity. The use of finger brushes in the PTD method could increase the efficiency of dentifrice delivery.
Topics: Dentifrices; Fluorides; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Sodium Fluoride; Toothbrushing; Toothpastes
PubMed: 36251665
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276227 -
Journal of Oral Science 2023To study the antimicrobial effects of a novel vinegar-based denture cleansing agent on oral Streptococci and Candida species and the inhibitory effects on pre-formed...
PURPOSE
To study the antimicrobial effects of a novel vinegar-based denture cleansing agent on oral Streptococci and Candida species and the inhibitory effects on pre-formed bacterial and Candida biofilms on denture base.
METHODS
The microorganisms used in this study were Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus), Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis), Candida albicans (C. albicans), and Candida glabrata (C. glabrata). The antimicrobial activity of novel vinegar solution was evaluated by time kill assay and biofilm grown on denture base.
RESULTS
Time kill assay showed that vinegar exhibited the highest antibacterial effect on S. sobrinus, S. sanguinis, and S. mutans after 15 min of treatment. A 99.9% reduction in C. glabrata and C. albicans required more than 4 and 6 h of treatment, respectively. Vinegar significantly inhibited streptococcal biofilm, with an approximately 6 log-reduction at 30 min of treatment. The results demonstrated that viable Candida cells in biofilm reduced in excess of 6-log CFU/mL after 3 h treatment with vinegar. Moreover, the vinegar-based denture cleanser inhibited bacterial and Candida biofilm formation compared to the control group without treatment with statistical significance.
CONCLUSION
A novel vinegar-based denture cleansing agent showed moderate antibacterial properties, but required a slightly longer immersion time to attain anticandidal effects compared to Polident and 0.2% CHX.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Detergents; Denture Cleansers; Candida; Candida albicans; Biofilms; Anti-Infective Agents; Dentures; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 36990755
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.22-0385 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Sep 2023The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) affirms that the use of fluoride, as an adjunct in the prevention of caries, is safe and effective. The AAPD...
The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) affirms that the use of fluoride, as an adjunct in the prevention of caries, is safe and effective. The AAPD encourages dentists, other healthcare providers, and parents to optimize fluoride exposures to reduce the risk of caries and to enhance the remineralization of affected teeth. However, there is resistance amongst patients towards fluoride overexposure and despite there being research on other effective remineralizing agents, most pediatric dentists primarily cater their practice to fluoride-based products. The objective of the study is to survey pediatric dentists' acceptance and awareness of fluoride-free remineralizing agents. A listserv of the southeastern and western private practice pediatric dentists was obtained from the AAPD consisting of 6490 email addresses. A questionnaire consisting of 15 questions was sent to each address using Qualtrics. Different trends in fluoride-free acceptance and awareness were seen based on region of practice, region of training and age of practitioner. Region of practice, residency training and age can be contributing factors toward fluoride-free remineralizing agent opinion. The data gathered trends towards western-trained pediatric dentists are more likely to recommend a fluoride-free toothpaste than a southeastern-trained dentist.
Topics: Child; Humans; Toothpastes; Dentists; Fluorides; Dental Care; Dental Caries; Private Practice
PubMed: 37732439
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.055 -
Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry Nov 2020Charcoal-containing dentifrices are gaining popularity, but scientific information on their effect on oral health is scarce. This study investigated properties of...
OBJECTIVE
Charcoal-containing dentifrices are gaining popularity, but scientific information on their effect on oral health is scarce. This study investigated properties of dentifrices that may affect dentine abrasivity, as well as their ability to adsorb fluoride, their pH and the presence of harmful substances.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The dentifrices NAO and COCO were subjected to the following analyses: abrasivity, expressed as mean abraded depth and relative dentin abrasivity (RDA), and surface roughness of extracted human molars ( = 30) after simulated brushing; fluoride adsorption measured as concentration change; pH measurements; detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The products were compared to a reference dentifrice (Colgate MaxWhite), positive controls (ISO dentifrice slurry, activated charcoal for laboratory use) and a negative control (distilled water).
RESULTS
The mean abraded depths of NAO and COCO were not different ( > .05), but higher than the reference dentifrice and the negative control ( < .05). The RDA values of NAO, COCO and the ISO dentifrice slurry were higher than the reference dentifrice value ( < .05) by up to 10 times. The dentine surface roughness was higher after brushing with NAO, COCO and ISO dentifrice slurry compared to distilled water ( < .05). No change in mean adsorbed fluoride concentration was observed after 24 h ( > .05). Both NAO and COCO were alkaline (pH > 7). Analysis of NAO revealed the presence of naphthalene (112.8 ± 2.0 ng/mL).
CONCLUSION
The charcoal-containing dentifrices were abrasive within acceptable limits set by ISO and did not adsorb fluoride. The presence of naphthalene in one product is a cause for concern.
PubMed: 33225309
DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2020.1838284 -
Journal of Dentistry Oct 2023To determine how daily consumption of a lozenge combining arginine and two probiotic strains affects the Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) in children regarding dental... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The efficacy of combined arginine and probiotics as an add-on to 1450 ppm fluoride toothpaste to prevent and control dental caries in children - A randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVES
To determine how daily consumption of a lozenge combining arginine and two probiotic strains affects the Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) in children regarding dental caries transitions and lesion activity at tooth surface level during 10-12 months.
METHODS
A total of 21,888 tooth surfaces in 288 children were examined. The intervention group (n = 141) received a lozenge containing 2% arginine, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, LGG® (DSM33156), and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, L. CASEI 431® (DSM33451). The placebo group (n = 147) received a placebo lozenge. Both groups received 1,450 ppm F toothpaste. Primary canines, molars, and first permanent molars were examined clinically (ICDAS) and radiographically (R) at baseline and follow-up. Sealed, filled, and missing surfaces were also included. Caries activity was computed as a sum of each caries lesion's location, color, texture, cavitation, and gingival bleeding. RRRs were computed with cluster effect on surface level. ICH-GCP was followed, including external monitoring.
RESULTS
A total of 19,950 surfaces were analyzed after excluding 1,938 tooth surfaces. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups. The RRRs showed less caries progression (13.6%, p = 0.20), more regression (0.3%, p = 0.44), and fewer active caries lesions (15.3%, p = 0.15) in the intervention group.
CONCLUSION
Daily consumption of a lozenge combining arginine and probiotics for 10-12 months given to 5-9-years-old children characterized being with low caries risk demonstrated a marked, though not statistically significant RRR for caries progression, regression, and number of active lesions in the intervention group compared to the placebo-group.
CLINICALTRIALS
gov (NCT03928587).
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Since all the RRRs were in favor of the intervention group and the PF of combined arginine and probiotics is high (81.6%) compared to fluoride toothpaste (24.9%) and arginine-fluoride toothpaste alone (19.6%) the combined pre-and probiotics approach may be a future additional tool regarding caries prevention and control.
Topics: Humans; Child; Dental Caries; Fluorides; Toothpastes; Arginine; Probiotics
PubMed: 37604396
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104670 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Dental caries is a worldwide challenge for public health. The aim of this 18-month double-blinded, randomized, clinical trial was to compare the caries-preventing effect... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Dental caries is a worldwide challenge for public health. The aim of this 18-month double-blinded, randomized, clinical trial was to compare the caries-preventing effect of a fluoride-free, hydroxyapatite toothpaste (test) and a toothpaste with sodium fluoride (1450 ppm fluoride; positive control) in adults.
METHODS
The primary endpoint was the percentage of subjects showing no increase in overall Decayed Missing Filled Surfaces (DMFS) index. The study was designed as non-inferiority trial. Non-inferiority was claimed if the upper limit of the exact one-sided 95% confidence interval for the difference of the primary endpoint DMFS between test and control toothpaste was less than the predefined margin of non-inferiority (Δ ≤ 20%).
RESULTS
In total, 189 adults were included in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis; 171 subjects finished the study per protocol (PP). According to the PP analysis, no increase in DMFS index was observed in 89.3% of subjects of the hydroxyapatite group and 87.4% of the subjects of the fluoride group. The hydroxyapatite toothpaste was not statistically inferior to a fluoride toothpaste with regard to the primary endpoint.
CONCLUSION
Hydroxyapatite was proven to be a safe and efficient anticaries agent in oral care.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT04756557.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Toothpastes; Cariostatic Agents; Durapatite; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Fluorides
PubMed: 37533523
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1199728 -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... May 2021There is a lack of information about the association of high-fluoride dentrifrice and fluoride-containing bonding material to prevent enamel white spot lesions...
BACKGROUND
There is a lack of information about the association of high-fluoride dentrifrice and fluoride-containing bonding material to prevent enamel white spot lesions development adjacent to brackets. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of high-fluoride dentifrice and fluoride-containing bonding material on enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Forty-eight enamel specimens with 7x7x2 mm were obtained from bovine incisors. Orthodontic brackets were bonded with fluoride-containing resin composite (OrthoCem®) or fluoride-free low viscosity resin. The specimens were submitted to an 8-day pH cycling that consisted in the daily immersion of specimens in the demineralizing solution for 4 h and in artificial saliva for 20 h in an incubator at 37° C. The treatments consisted in 5 min-immersion between the cycles of fluoride (F) suspensions containing 275 µg F/mL, 1,250 µg F/mL or distilled water (negative control). The 275 and 1,250 µg F/mL concentrations were used to simulate salivary dilution of 1,100 and 5,000 µg F/g dentifrices during toothbrushing. After the experiment, cross-sectional hardness was performed to analyze the lesion area of the specimens. Tukey post hoc test after two-way ANOVA with p at 5% was used as statistical analysis.
RESULTS
The specimens treated with high-fluoride dentifrice showed significantly less demineralization in comparison with the other treatments (>0.05). There was a significant difference in the cross-sectional hardness values for the specimens bonded with OrthoCem when compared to the low viscosity resin (>0,05).
CONCLUSIONS
The use of high-fluoride dentifrice associated with fluoride-containing bonding material promoted a greater reduction of enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets. Demineralization, dentifrice, fluoride, bonding materials, orthodontic brackets.
PubMed: 33981397
DOI: 10.4317/jced.57673 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022The use of herbal products in oral cavity has shown an increased popularity and potential benefits due to their additional anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The use of herbal products in oral cavity has shown an increased popularity and potential benefits due to their additional anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties as well as the lack of side effects related to their use.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the clinical effectiveness of herbal dental products (mouthwash, dentifrice, gel) when compared to conventional products or placebo in periodontitis patients.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic review with 22 studies was carried out using MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases in addition to hand searches. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effect of any herbal dental product and compared it with conventional products or placebo in periodontitis patients and published up to March 2022, were screened.
RESULTS
Herbal products used as adjuncts to scaling and root planing (SRP) or supragingival debridement (SPD) led to superior clinical outcomes than placebo or no adjuncts (8 studies). In conjunction with SRP, these products showed comparable outcomes with chlorhexidine (6 studies) or better (4 studies). When used as adjuncts to SPD, herbal oral care products demonstrated comparable outcomes with chlorhexidine and conventional products (4 studies).
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this systematic review, herbal oral care products may play a key role in the management of periodontal disease. Further well-designed studies are needed to establish their efficacy.
Topics: Chlorhexidine; Chronic Periodontitis; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Root Planing; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36011693
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610061 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Feb 2022Denture stomatitis is a prevalent condition in denture wearers. Economic evaluations of health care can help stakeholders, including patients, make better decisions...
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Denture stomatitis is a prevalent condition in denture wearers. Economic evaluations of health care can help stakeholders, including patients, make better decisions about treatments for a given condition. Economic models to assess the costs and benefits of different options for managing denture stomatitis are lacking.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of developing a cost-effectiveness model to assess denture cleaning strategies aimed at preventing denture stomatitis from a denture-wearer perspective in the United Kingdom.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A model was developed to identify and estimate the costs and effects associated with 3 denture cleaning strategies. These were low care (LC)-cleaning by brushing and soaking overnight in water; medium care (MC)-brushing with toothpaste and soaking overnight in water; and optimum care (OC)-brushing and soaking overnight in water and antimicrobial denture cleanser. Costs, outcome measures (denture stomatitis-free days), and probabilities (incidence of stomatitis, unscheduled dentist visits, prescription charges, self-medication) associated with each strategy were defined. A sensitivity analysis was used to identify key drivers and test the robustness of the model.
RESULTS
The model showed that the total costs for 2015 ranged from £1.07 (LC) to £18.42 (OC). Costs associated with LC were derived from unscheduled dentist visits and use of medication and/or prescription charges. Incremental costs per denture stomatitis-free day were £0.64 (MC) and £1.81 (OC) compared with LC. A sensitivity analysis showed that varying either or both key parameters (baseline incidence of denture stomatitis and relative effectiveness of MC and OC strategies) had a substantial effect. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ranged from £4.11 to £7.39 (worst-case scenario) and from £0.21 to £0.61 (best-case scenario).
CONCLUSIONS
A model was developed to assess the relative cost-effectiveness of different denture cleaning strategies to help improve denture hygiene. An important finding of the study was the lack of evidence on the relative effectiveness of different cleaning strategies, meaning that several assumptions had to be incorporated into the model. The model output would therefore likely be considerably improved and more robust if these evidence gaps were filled.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Denture Cleansers; Dentures; Humans; Oral Hygiene; Stomatitis, Denture; Toothbrushing; Toothpastes
PubMed: 34895901
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.10.022