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Australian Journal of General Practice Oct 2019Tinea is a common fungal infection that can affect the skin, nails and hair. Tinea infection has a variety of clinical manifestations and affects all age groups,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Tinea is a common fungal infection that can affect the skin, nails and hair. Tinea infection has a variety of clinical manifestations and affects all age groups, ranging from tinea pedis in adults to tinea capitis in pre-pubertal children.
OBJECTIVE
This article provides an updated overview of the common clinical manifestations and practical approaches to the diagnosis and management of tinea infections.
DISCUSSION
While tinea may be suspected on the basis of clinical grounds, it is important to be aware of the various conditions considered in the differential diagnosis that may mimic tinea infections. Topical and systemic antifungal modalities are available and are selected on the basis of the subtypes and severity of tinea infection. Untreated, tinea can cause significant morbidity and predispose to complications, including cellulitis and ulcers on the feet and alopecia on the scalp.
Topics: Alopecia; Antifungal Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Laser Therapy; Secondary Prevention; Tinea
PubMed: 31569324
DOI: 10.31128/AJGP-05-19-4930 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Mar 2021We herein present a Brazilian guideline for the management of feline sporotrichosis, a mycosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis. This guideline is an effort of a... (Review)
Review
We herein present a Brazilian guideline for the management of feline sporotrichosis, a mycosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis. This guideline is an effort of a national technical group organized by the Working Group on Sporothrix and Sporotrichosis of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM). This publication intends to provide information on clinical-epidemiological aspects of this zoonosis, as well as a literature revision. Moreover, it gives some practical information on diagnosis and treatment of feline sporotrichosis. It also contains information that can be helpful for the prevention and control of S. brasiliensis transmission.
Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Brazil; Cat Diseases; Cats; Guidelines as Topic; Sporothrix; Sporotrichosis
PubMed: 32990922
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00365-3 -
Revista Chilena de Pediatria Oct 2020Tinea capitis (TC) is a dermatophyte infection with a high prevalence in the pediatric population. Its epidemiology has changed in recent decades due to increasing... (Review)
Review
Tinea capitis (TC) is a dermatophyte infection with a high prevalence in the pediatric population. Its epidemiology has changed in recent decades due to increasing population migration worldwide. Environmental and host-specific risk factors have been identified which are with the development of this infection. The clinical manifestations are variable and depend on the causal agent. Dermatosco- py and Wood's lamp are useful tools for the diagnostic approach; however, the confirmation of in fection is based on mycological tests. The identification of the causal agent allows guiding the appro priate antifungal treatment, which is specific and safe in the pediatric population. Treatment focuses on systemic antifungal therapy combined with local measures. The objective of this paper is to carry out an updated review of the clinical and therapeutic approach to TC in the pediatric population.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Global Health; Humans; Prevalence; Tinea Capitis
PubMed: 33399644
DOI: 10.32641/rchped.vi91i5.1345 -
Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina,... Jun 2022Malassezia is a commensal fungus that constitutes normal skin microbiota. However, in certain conditions and individuals, it may transform into a pathogenic yeast with... (Review)
Review
Malassezia is a commensal fungus that constitutes normal skin microbiota. However, in certain conditions and individuals, it may transform into a pathogenic yeast with multiple associated dermatological disorders and various clinical manifestations. This phenomenon is influenced by a unique host-agent interaction that triggers the production of several virulence factors, such as indoles, reactive oxygen species, azelaic acid, hyphae formation, and biofilm formation. This review article discusses Malassezia virulence factors that contribute to the transformation of Malassezia from commensal to pathogenic as well as their role in dermatological disorders, including pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, Malassezia folliculitis, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis.
Topics: Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Dermatomycoses; Humans; Malassezia; Skin; Tinea Versicolor; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 35751534
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Immunology Nov 2020Heterozygous gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in STAT1 in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) and hypothyroidism were discovered in 2011. CMC is the... (Review)
Review
Heterozygous gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in STAT1 in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) and hypothyroidism were discovered in 2011. CMC is the recurrent or persistent mucocutaneous infection by Candida fungi, and hypothyroidism results from autoimmune thyroiditis. Patients with these diseases develop other infectious diseases, including viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases, and other autoimmune manifestations, including enterocolitis, immune cytopenia, endocrinopathies, and systemic lupus erythematosus. STAT1-GOF mutations are highly penetrant with a median age at onset of 1 year and often underlie an autosomal dominant trait. As many as 105 mutations at 72 residues, including 65 recurrent mutations, have already been reported in more than 400 patients worldwide. The GOF mechanism involves impaired dephosphorylation of STAT1 in the nucleus. Patient cells show enhanced STAT1-dependent responses to type I and II interferons (IFNs) and IL-27. This impairs Th17 cell development, which accounts for CMC. The pathogenesis of autoimmunity likely involves enhanced type I IFN responses, as in other type I interferonopathies. The pathogenesis of other infections, especially those caused by intramacrophagic bacteria and fungi, which are otherwise seen in patients with diminished type II IFN immunity, has remained mysterious. The cumulative survival rates of patients with and without severe disease (invasive infection, cancer, and/or symptomatic aneurysm) at 60 years of age are 31% and 87%, respectively. Severe autoimmunity also worsens the prognosis. The treatment of patients with STAT1-GOF mutations who suffer from severe infectious and autoimmune manifestations relies on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and/or oral JAK inhibitors.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Alleles; Autoimmunity; Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Management; Gain of Function Mutation; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Heterozygote; Humans; Infant; Interferon Type I; Middle Aged; Phenotype; STAT1 Transcription Factor; Young Adult
PubMed: 32852681
DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00847-x -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Blastomycosis
PubMed: 37524399
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.230269 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Mar 2021Sporotrichosis is an endemic mycosis caused by the species of the Sporothrix genus, and it is considered one of the most frequent subcutaneous mycoses in Mexico. This...
Sporotrichosis is an endemic mycosis caused by the species of the Sporothrix genus, and it is considered one of the most frequent subcutaneous mycoses in Mexico. This mycosis has become a relevant fungal infection in the last two decades. Today, much is known of its epidemiology and distribution, and its taxonomy has undergone revisions. New clinical species have been identified and classified through molecular tools, and they now include Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto, Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix globosa, and Sporothrix luriei. In this article, we present a systematic review of sporotrichosis in Mexico that analyzes its epidemiology, geographic distribution, and diagnosis. The results show that the most common clinical presentation of sporotrichosis in Mexico is the lymphocutaneous form, with a higher incidence in the 0-15 age range, mainly in males, and for which trauma with plants is the most frequent source of infection. In Mexico, the laboratory diagnosis of sporotrichosis is mainly carried out using conventional methods, but in recent years, several researchers have used molecular methods to identify the Sporothrix species. The treatment of choice depends mainly on the clinical form of the disease, the host's immunological status, and the species of Sporothrix involved. Despite the significance of this mycosis in Mexico, public information about sporotrichosis is scarce, and it is not considered reportable according to Mexico's epidemiological national system, the "Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica." Due to the lack of data in Mexico regarding the epidemiology of this disease, we present a systematic review of sporotrichosis in Mexico, between 1914 and 2019, that analyzes its epidemiology, geographic distribution, and diagnosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Mexico; Middle Aged; Sporothrix; Sporotrichosis; Young Adult
PubMed: 33125684
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00387-x -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Oct 2021
Topics: Humans; Mycetoma
PubMed: 33840695
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.6688-20 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2021
Topics: Animals; Coleoptera; Humans; Mycetoma; Trichophyton
PubMed: 34909090
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.40.121.32006 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Jan 2022
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Humans; Sporothrix; Sporotrichosis
PubMed: 35073510
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1212