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Genes, Brain, and Behavior Jan 2022
Topics: Animals; Autistic Disorder; Developmental Disabilities; Humans
PubMed: 34891220
DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12789 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Nov 2019We review findings related to predictors, correlates, outcomes, and treatment of preschool depression that have been published in the last 3 years. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
We review findings related to predictors, correlates, outcomes, and treatment of preschool depression that have been published in the last 3 years.
RECENT FINDINGS
Preschool depression displays a chronic course through late adolescence and is associated with temperamental and personality traits, poorer physical health, and negative parenting practices. Preschool depression predicts deficits into adolescence, including social difficulties and blunted neural response to rewards. Depressed preschoolers can experience suicidal ideation and behaviors and display an accurate understanding of the finality of death. A treatment for preschool depression has now been validated that uses the parent-child relationship to enhance emotion development and reduce depressive symptoms. Preschool depression is homotypic with depression that occurs later in life. Future work elucidating mechanisms through which preschool depression develops and informs the sub-groups for which particular treatments may be most effective will have considerable implications for prevention and early intervention.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Depressive Disorder; Developmental Disabilities; Emotions; Humans; Object Attachment; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting; Personality Inventory; Poverty; Temperament
PubMed: 31748851
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-1102-4 -
Annals of Clinical and Translational... Mar 2021KCNQ2-associated developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) present with seizures and developmental impairments. The relation between seizures and functional...
OBJECTIVE
KCNQ2-associated developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) present with seizures and developmental impairments. The relation between seizures and functional impairments in affected children and the relation of a specific genetic variant to seizure control remains unknown.
METHODS
Parents of children with documented KCNQ2 variants who participated in a structured, online natural history survey provided information about seizure history, functional mobility, hand use, communication function, and feeding independence. Bivariate analyses were performed with nonparametric methods and logistic regression was used for multivariable analyses.
RESULTS
Thirty-nine children (20, 51% girls, median age 4.5 years, interquartile range (IQR) 1.9-19.3) had a median age of seizure onset of 1 day (IQR 1-3 days). The most common seizure types were bilateral tonic-clonic (N = 72, 28%) and bilateral tonic (N = 13, 33%). Time since last seizure was <6 months (N = 18, 46%), 6-23 months (N = 11, 28%), and ≥24 months (N = 10 26%). Severe functional impairment was reported for mobility (62%), hand grasp (31%), feeding (59%), and communication (77%). Twenty-eight (72%) were impaired in ≥2 domains. There were only weak and inconsistent associations between seizure recency and individual impairments or number of impairments after adjustment for other factors. The functional location of the variants within the K 7.2 protein was not associated with seizure control.
INTERPRETATION
Seizures in KCNQ2-DEE are often well-controlled, but children have severe impairments regardless. With the increased potential for precision therapies targeting the K 7.2 channel or the KCNQ2 gene itself, identifying the most relevant and sensitive clinical endpoints will be critical to ensure successful trials of new therapies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Developmental Disabilities; Epileptic Syndromes; Female; Humans; Infant; KCNQ2 Potassium Channel; Male; Young Adult
PubMed: 33616268
DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51316 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Apr 2021Pregnancy and early childhood are periods with high plasticity in neurological development. Environmental perturbations during these sensitive windows can have lifelong... (Review)
Review
Pregnancy and early childhood are periods with high plasticity in neurological development. Environmental perturbations during these sensitive windows can have lifelong developmental consequences. This review summarizes key findings relevant to the effects of air pollution on neurological development. Mounting evidence suggests that exposure to air pollution, both during pregnancy and childhood, is associated with childhood developmental outcomes ranging from changes in brain structures to subclinical deficits in developmental test scores, and, ultimately, developmental disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders or autism spectrum disorders. Although the biological mechanisms of effects remain to be elucidated, multiple pathways are probably involved and include oxidative stress, inflammation, and/or endocrine disruption. Given the alarming global increase in developmental disorders in recent years, and increased human exposures to pollution, it is critical to reduce personal and community-level exposures through tight collaboration of interdisciplinary and multi-level bodies including community partners, physicians, industry partners, policy makers, public health practitioners, and researchers. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Exposure to air pollution is associated with a range of childhood developmental complications. Biological mechanisms may include oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption.
Topics: Air Pollution; Child; Child Development; Developmental Disabilities; Environmental Exposure; Humans
PubMed: 33300118
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14758 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Apr 2021Seven typical developmental steps are described as cardinal changes leading children from implicit embodied self-awareness at birth, self-consciousness by 2 years, and... (Review)
Review
Seven typical developmental steps are described as cardinal changes leading children from implicit embodied self-awareness at birth, self-consciousness by 2 years, and the adoption of an ethical stance toward others by the preschool years (3-5y). This development may be a useful benchmark for clinicians. In this review, some clinical pointers are outlined in relation to each developmental step, but with a particular focus on the testing of self-awareness in children with developmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, and intellectual disability. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: There are seven major steps in early self and social awareness. Clinical pointers related to each of the seven steps are provided.
Topics: Awareness; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Self Concept
PubMed: 33332595
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14767 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Sep 2019
Topics: Child; Developmental Disabilities; Diagnosis, Differential; Epilepsy; Headache; Humans; Image Enhancement; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neurology; Pediatrics; Sensitivity and Specificity; Utilization Review
PubMed: 31430771
DOI: 10.1055/a-0943-1043 -
Pediatrics May 2020As the technical ability for genetic diagnosis continues to improve, an increasing number of diagnoses are made in infancy or as early as the neonatal period. Many of... (Review)
Review
As the technical ability for genetic diagnosis continues to improve, an increasing number of diagnoses are made in infancy or as early as the neonatal period. Many of these diagnoses are known to be associated with developmental delay and intellectual disability, features that would not be clinically detectable at the time of diagnosis. Others may be associated with cognitive impairment, but the incidence and severity are yet to be fully described. These neonates and infants with genetic diagnoses therefore represent an emerging group of patients who are at high risk for neurodevelopmental disabilities. Although there are well-established developmental supports for high-risk infants, particularly preterm infants, after discharge from the NICU, programs specifically for infants with genetic diagnoses are rare. And although previous research has demonstrated the positive effect of early developmental interventions on outcomes among preterm infants, the impact of such supports for infants with genetic disorders who may be born term, remains to be understood. We therefore review the literature regarding existing developmental assessment and intervention approaches for children with genetic disorders, evaluating these in the context of current developmental supports postdischarge for preterm infants. Further research into the role of developmental support programs for early assessment and intervention in high-risk neonates diagnosed with rare genetic disorders is needed.
Topics: Developmental Disabilities; Early Intervention, Educational; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases
PubMed: 32327449
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-0629 -
Journal of Mother and Child Apr 2021
Topics: Adult; Breast Feeding; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Mother-Child Relations; Periodicals as Topic
PubMed: 33930263
DOI: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20202403.edit.03_2020 -
Research in Developmental Disabilities Jun 2022
Topics: COVID-19; Child; Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Pandemics; Social Support
PubMed: 35358826
DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104228 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Jul 2021
Topics: Caregivers; Child; Developmental Disabilities; Family; Humans; Patient-Centered Care
PubMed: 34080190
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14905