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Journal of Genetics 2021Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNA molecules formed by the back splicing process. Compared to linear mRNA molecules they are more stable. CircRNA acts... (Review)
Review
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNA molecules formed by the back splicing process. Compared to linear mRNA molecules they are more stable. CircRNA acts as miRNA sponges, regulates translation, epigenetic alterations, etc. However, the most significant aspect of circRNAs has been its role in regulating the hallmark of cancer and diabetes mellitus. Several circRNAs are extensively expressed in individuals with cancer and diabetics. Dysregulated expression of various circRNAs plays a crucial part in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the present review, we present the current understanding of cricRNAs biogenesis, regulatory mechanisms, reviews of recent findings and circRNA as potential biomarker.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Neoplasms; RNA, Circular
PubMed: 34057150
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Diabetes Sep 2022
Topics: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Child; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans
PubMed: 36114692
DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13317 -
Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology... Sep 2022
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans
PubMed: 35453153
DOI: 10.1055/a-1624-3655 -
CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics Apr 2024The comorbidity between diabetes mellitus and depression was revealed, and diabetes mellitus increased the prevalence of depressive disorder, which ranked 13th in the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The comorbidity between diabetes mellitus and depression was revealed, and diabetes mellitus increased the prevalence of depressive disorder, which ranked 13th in the leading causes of disability-adjusted life-years. Insulin resistance, which is common in diabetes mellitus, has increased the risk of depressive symptoms in both humans and animals. However, the mechanisms behind the comorbidity are multi-factorial and complicated. There is still no causal chain to explain the comorbidity exactly. Moreover, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, insulin and metformin, which are recommended for treating diabetes mellitus-induced depression, were found to be a risk factor in some complications of diabetes.
AIMS
Given these problems, many researchers made remarkable efforts to analyze diabetes complicating depression from different aspects, including insulin resistance, stress and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis, neurological system, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Drug therapy, such as Hydrogen Sulfide, Cannabidiol, Ascorbic Acid and Hesperidin, are conducive to alleviating diabetes mellitus and depression. Here, we reviewed the exact pathophysiology underlying the comorbidity between depressive disorder and diabetes mellitus and drug therapy.
METHODS
The review refers to the available literature in PubMed and Web of Science, searching critical terms related to diabetes mellitus, depression and drug therapy.
RESULTS
In this review, we found that brain structure and function, neurogenesis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glucose and lipid metabolism were involved in the pathophysiology of the comorbidity. Obesity might lead to diabetes mellitus and depression through reduced adiponectin and increased leptin and resistin. In addition, drug therapy displayed in this review could expand the region of potential therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
The review summarizes the mechanisms underlying the comorbidity. It also overviews drug therapy with anti-diabetic and anti-depressant effects.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Depression; Insulin Resistance; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Diabetes Mellitus; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
PubMed: 37927197
DOI: 10.1111/cns.14497 -
Cells Apr 2021Epidemiological studies have established that a high plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. However,... (Review)
Review
Epidemiological studies have established that a high plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. However, recent randomised clinical trials of interventions that increase HDL-C levels have failed to establish a causal basis for this relationship. This has led to a shift in HDL research efforts towards developing strategies that improve the cardioprotective functions of HDLs, rather than simply increasing HDL-C levels. These efforts are also leading to the discovery of novel HDL functions that are unrelated to cardiovascular disease. One of the most recently identified functions of HDLs is their potent antidiabetic properties. The antidiabetic functions of HDLs, and recent key advances in this area are the subject of this review. Given that all forms of diabetes are increasing at an alarming rate globally, there is a clear unmet need to identify and develop new approaches that will complement existing therapies and reduce disease progression as well as reverse established disease. Exploration of a potential role for HDLs and their constituent lipids and apolipoproteins in this area is clearly warranted. This review highlights focus areas that have yet to be investigated and potential strategies for exploiting the antidiabetic functions of HDLs.
Topics: Animals; Apolipoproteins; Diabetes Mellitus; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Humans; Lipoproteins, HDL; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 33918571
DOI: 10.3390/cells10040850 -
Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research Jul 2019Aortic stenosis and diabetes mellitus are both progressive diseases which, if left untreated, result in significant morbidity and mortality. There is evidence that the... (Review)
Review
Aortic stenosis and diabetes mellitus are both progressive diseases which, if left untreated, result in significant morbidity and mortality. There is evidence that the prevalence of diabetes is substantially increased in patients with aortic stenosis and those with diabetes have increased rates of progression from mild to severe aortic stenosis. There are good data supporting the hypothesis that aortic stenosis and diabetes mellitus are associated with diabetes mellitus being detrimental towards the quality of life and survival of patients. Thus, a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of both of these disease processes and the relationship between them aids in designing appropriate preventive and therapeutic approaches. This review aims to give a comprehensive and up-to-date insight into the influence of diabetes mellitus on patients with degenerative aortic stenosis, as well as the prognosis and therapeutic approach to these patients.
Topics: Aortic Valve Stenosis; Atherosclerosis; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease Progression; Humans; Prevalence; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 30623669
DOI: 10.1177/1479164118820657 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
PubMed: 36824361
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1141337 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2021The relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus is complicated and bidirectional. On the one hand, diabetes mellitus is considered one of the most important risk... (Review)
Review
The relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus is complicated and bidirectional. On the one hand, diabetes mellitus is considered one of the most important risk factors for a severe course of COVID-19. Several factors that are often present in diabetes mellitus are likely to contribute to this risk, such as older age, a proinflammatory and hypercoagulable state, hyperglycemia and underlying comorbidities (hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and obesity). On the other hand, a severe COVID-19 infection, and its treatment with steroids, can have a specific negative impact on diabetes itself, leading to worsening of hyperglycemia through increased insulin resistance and reduced β-cell secretory function. Worsening hyperglycemia can, in turn, adversely affect the course of COVID-19. Although more knowledge gradually surfaces as the pandemic progresses, challenges in understanding the interrelationship between COVID-19 and diabetes remain.
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease Progression; Humans; Pandemics; Prognosis; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 34220706
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.649525 -
Journal of Diabetes Investigation Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diffusion of Innovation; China
PubMed: 36121277
DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13908 -
Cardiovascular Diabetology Sep 2023Artificial intelligence and machine learning are driving a paradigm shift in medicine, promising data-driven, personalized solutions for managing diabetes and the excess... (Review)
Review
Artificial intelligence and machine learning are driving a paradigm shift in medicine, promising data-driven, personalized solutions for managing diabetes and the excess cardiovascular risk it poses. In this comprehensive review of machine learning applications in the care of patients with diabetes at increased cardiovascular risk, we offer a broad overview of various data-driven methods and how they may be leveraged in developing predictive models for personalized care. We review existing as well as expected artificial intelligence solutions in the context of diagnosis, prognostication, phenotyping, and treatment of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. In addition to discussing the key properties of such models that enable their successful application in complex risk prediction, we define challenges that arise from their misuse and the role of methodological standards in overcoming these limitations. We also identify key issues in equity and bias mitigation in healthcare and discuss how the current regulatory framework should ensure the efficacy and safety of medical artificial intelligence products in transforming cardiovascular care and outcomes in diabetes.
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Cardiovascular Diseases; Risk Factors; Machine Learning; Diabetes Mellitus; Heart Disease Risk Factors
PubMed: 37749579
DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01985-3