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Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation :... Jun 2022
Topics: Edetic Acid; Europe; Humans; Nephrology; Renal Dialysis; Societies, Medical
PubMed: 35389478
DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac145 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022The condensation of aromatic dialdehydes with chiral diamines, such as 1,2--diaminocyclohexane, leads to various enantiopure or -type macrocyclic Schiff bases, including... (Review)
Review
The condensation of aromatic dialdehydes with chiral diamines, such as 1,2--diaminocyclohexane, leads to various enantiopure or -type macrocyclic Schiff bases, including [2 + 2], [3 + 3], [4 + 4], [6 + 6] and [8 + 8] condensation products. Unlike most cases of macrocycle synthesis, the [3 + 3] macrocycles of this type are sometimes obtained in high yields by direct condensation without a metal template. Macrocycles of other sizes from this family can often be selectively obtained in high yields by a suitable choice of metal template, solvent, or chirality of the building blocks. In particular, the application of a cadmium(II) template results in the expansion of the [2 + 2] macrocycles into giant [6 + 6] and [8 + 8] macrocycles. These imine macrocycles can be reduced to the corresponding macrocyclic amines which can act as hosts for the binding of multiple cations or multiple anions.
Topics: Amines; Diamines; Imines; Macrocyclic Compounds; Metals; Molecular Structure; Stereoisomerism
PubMed: 35807342
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134097 -
Turkish Neurosurgery 2023To assess differences in static/dynamic balance and plantar pressure distribution (PPD) in hyperkyphotic adolescents and young adults based on sagittal spinopelvic...
AIM
To assess differences in static/dynamic balance and plantar pressure distribution (PPD) in hyperkyphotic adolescents and young adults based on sagittal spinopelvic alignment changes.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Twelve hyperkyphotic patients and 12 normal subjects were included in the study group and control group, respectively. Lateral spine X-rays were used to evaluate spinopelvic parameters, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis (LL), and sagittal vertical axis offsets. A Balance Master device was used to evaluate the balance and postural control of subjects, and an EMED pedobarography device was used to record dynamic PPDs. Radiologic parameters, center of pressure (COP) velocity, COP alignment, and PPDs were compared in both groups to determine significance.
RESULTS
A positive correlation was found between kyphosis and lordosis (r = 0.573, p=0.03) in the study group. No significant difference was found in COP alignment and mean sway velocity between the two groups (p > 0.05). Statistically significant differences were found in the endpoint excursion values in the forward direction between groups in terms of dynamic balance measurement (p=0.09). The dynamic pedobarographic measurements did not reveal any intergroup differences (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Delayed balance control may be observed during forward reach in hyperkyphotic adolescents and young adults. Compensatory LL may be effective to maintain normal gravity projections, static balance control, and PPDs as a response to thoracic hyperkyphosis.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Lordosis; Kyphosis; Phenylenediamines; Postural Balance
PubMed: 37222013
DOI: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.41580-22.2 -
Biosensors Sep 2022Blood iron levels play a vital role in oxygen metabolism and energy generation whilst transporter protein, transferrin, binds and delivers iron to the transferrin...
Blood iron levels play a vital role in oxygen metabolism and energy generation whilst transporter protein, transferrin, binds and delivers iron to the transferrin receptor of endosomal compartments of cells. Consequently, the iron-binding capacity of transferrin is an important indicator for many diseases, and its measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of anaemias. Various assays, including Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity (UIBC) and Transferrin Saturation (TS), were developed to assess the iron-binding capacity of transferrin. Clinically, UIBC is measured in serum by a multi-step liquid ferrozine method and subjected to interference from conditions such as haemolysis and lipemia. Here, we report a quick method that directly measures the concentration of apotransferrin in EDTA-treated plasma, theoretically equivalent to UIBC. Importantly, this supramolecular assembly-based method is more time-efficient, cost-effective and insensitive to serum cation fluctuations. With additional colorimetric property, this method also provides a visual indicator for abnormal health conditions with extreme transferrin statuses such as those found in cancers. Its minimal requirement for equipment would be particularly useful for diagnosis in remote and under-developed regions.
Topics: Edetic Acid; Ferrozine; Iron; Oxygen; Receptors, Transferrin
PubMed: 36140091
DOI: 10.3390/bios12090708 -
Biosensors Aug 2022The biogenic aliphatic polyamines (spermine, spermidine, and putrescine) are responsible for numerous cell functions, including cell proliferation, the stabilization of... (Review)
Review
The biogenic aliphatic polyamines (spermine, spermidine, and putrescine) are responsible for numerous cell functions, including cell proliferation, the stabilization of nucleic acid conformations, cell division, homeostasis, gene expression, and protein synthesis in living organisms. The change of polyamine concentrations in the urine or blood is usually related to the presence of malignant tumors and is regarded as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of cancer. Therefore, the detection of polyamine levels in physiological fluids can provide valuable information in terms of cancer diagnosis and in monitoring therapeutic effects. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in fluorescent methods for polyamine detection (supramolecular fluorescent sensing systems, fluorescent probes based on the chromophore reaction, fluorescent small molecules, and fluorescent nanoparticles). In addition, tumor polyamine-suppressing strategies (such as polyamine conjugate, polyamine analogs, combinations that target multiple components, spermine-responsive supramolecular chemotherapy, a combination of polyamine consumption and photodynamic therapy, etc.) are highlighted. We hope that this review promotes the development of more efficient polyamine detection methods and provides a comprehensive understanding of polyamine-based tumor suppressor strategies.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Polyamines; Putrescine; Spermidine; Spermine
PubMed: 36005029
DOI: 10.3390/bios12080633 -
Biomacromolecules Jan 2023The reductive amination of dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) with 2-picoline borane was investigated for its applicability in the generation of bioderived thermoplastics. Five...
The reductive amination of dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) with 2-picoline borane was investigated for its applicability in the generation of bioderived thermoplastics. Five primary amines, both aliphatic and aromatic, were introduced to the cellulose backbone. The influences of the side chains on the course of the reaction were examined by various analytical techniques with microcrystalline cellulose as a model compound. The obtained insights were transferred to a 39%-oxidized softwood kraft pulp to study the thermal properties of thereby generated high-molecular-weight thermoplastics. The number-average molecular weights () of the diamine celluloses, ranging from 60 to 82 kD, were investigated by gel permeation chromatography. The diamine celluloses exhibited glass transition temperatures () from 71 to 112 °C and were stable at high temperatures. Diamine cellulose generated from aniline and DAC showed the highest conversion, the highest (112 °C), and a narrow molecular weight distribution ( of 1.30).
Topics: Amination; Amines; Cellulose; Diamines
PubMed: 36542819
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01022 -
The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics 2020Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is a toxic substance in henna. Oral intake of this substance causes severe systemic toxicity. To the best of our knowledge there are no...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is a toxic substance in henna. Oral intake of this substance causes severe systemic toxicity. To the best of our knowledge there are no studies in the literature conducted only on children exposed to henna intoxication.
METHODS
Twenty-three patients aged between 1 and 17 who referred to Nyala-Sudan Turkey Training and Research Hospital between May 2015 and June 2018 were evaluated retrospectively in terms of demographic, clinic and laboratory characteristics.
RESULTS
Four (17.39%) patients were male and 19 (82.61%) were female. Average age of patients was 10.95 ± 3.2. Most of the referrals to the hospital following PPD intoxication occurred in the first 16 hours. All of the patients between 10 and 17 had taken henna for suicidal purposes. All patients had vomiting and agitation. The most common symptoms apart from these were gastrointestinal symptoms, tachycardia, tachypnea and dyspnea. Twelve (52.17%) patients had elevated liver function tests and 3 (13.04%) had developed renal failure. None of the patients had neurological complications. Two (8.70%) patients developed a need for tracheostomy. Average hospitalization period of patients was 8.5 days. Two patients died. One was in 1-5 age group and died due to renal complications, while the other was in 6-10 age group and died due to hepatic failure.
CONCLUSION
PPD intoxication is a life-threatening situation even in low doses. For this reason, even asymptomatic cases should undergo physical examination and should be followed closely in terms of respiratory tract obstruction. Ensuring hydration and diuresis in the early period, steroid and adrenalin therapy for prophylaxis in terms of respiratory tract obstruction are important and tracheostomy should not be abstained in necessary cases. It should not be forgotten that symptomatic treatment for organ systems and dialysis will decrease mortality and morbidity.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Coloring Agents; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Phenylenediamines; Renal Dialysis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32558412
DOI: 10.24953/turkjped.2020.03.005 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, often known as gliptins, have been used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). They may be combined with other... (Review)
Review
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, often known as gliptins, have been used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). They may be combined with other medications as an additional treatment or used alone as a monotherapy. In addition to insulin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, and metformin, these molecules appear as possible therapeutic options. Oxadiazole rings have been employed in numerous different ways during drug development efforts. It has been shown that including them in the pharmacophore increases the amount of ligand that may be bound. The exceptional hydrogen bond acceptor properties of oxadiazoles and the distinct hydrocarbon bonding potential of their regioisomers have been established. Beside their anti-diabetic effects, oxadiazoles display a wide range of pharmacological properties. In this study, we made the assumption that molecules containing oxadiazole rings may afford a different approach to the treatment of diabetes, not only for controlling glycemic levels but also for preventing atherosclerosis progression and other complications associated with diabetes. It was observed that oxadiazole fusion with benzothiazole, 5-(2,5,2-trifluoroethoxy) phenyl, β-homophenylalanine, 2-methyl-2-{5-(4-chlorophenyl), diamine-bridged -coumarinyl, 5-aryl-2-(6'-nitrobenzofuran-2'-yl), nitrobenzofuran, and/or oxindole leads to potential anti-diabetic activity.
Topics: Benzothiazoles; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diamines; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Ligands; Metformin; Oxadiazoles; Oxindoles; Thiazolidinediones
PubMed: 36144735
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186001 -
PloS One 2022Meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is still a disease of great impact on Public health, which requires immediate diagnosis and treatment. However, the culture...
Meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is still a disease of great impact on Public health, which requires immediate diagnosis and treatment. However, the culture of clinical specimens is often negative and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) must be performed with isolated strains. Multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has high sensitivity and specificity, produces faster results to identify the pathogen, and it can also be an important tool to identify resistance antibiotic genes earlier than AST, especially in the absence of an isolated strain. This study developed a multiplex qPCR assay, using SYBR Green as a nonspecific dye, to detect antibiotic resistance genes to predict pneumococcal susceptibility/resistance in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from meningitis patients. From 2017 to 2020, CSF samples were cultured and analyzed by qPCR to detect the main three bacteria causing meningitis. Isolated and reference strains were applied in SYBR Green qPCR multiplex to detect pbp2b, ermB, and mef genes, and the results were compared with the AST. Pneumococcal-positive CSF samples (lytA-positive gene) without isolated strains were also tested to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profile in the region from 2014 to 2020. From the received 873 CSF samples; 263 were cultivated, 149 were lytA-positive in the qPCR, and 25 produced viable isolated pneumococci strains, which were evaluated by AST. Melting temperature for each gene and the acceptance criteria were determined (pbp2b: 78.24-79.86; ermB: 80.88-82.56; mef: 74.85-76.34 ºC). A total of 48/51 strains presented a genetic profile in agreement with the AST results. Resistant strains to erythromycin and clindamycin were ermB-positive, and two were also mef-positive, indicating both resistance mechanisms were present. In the retrospective study of the genetic profile of resistance, 82 lytA-positive CSF samples plus 4 strains were applied in the SYBR Green qPCR multiplex: 51% of samples presented the wild genotype (pbp2b positive and ermB/mef negative); 15% were negative for all the three evaluated, indicating pneumococci resistant to penicillin; and 17% represented the multidrug-resistant pneumococci (pbp2b negative and ermB positive or pbp2b negative and ermB and mef positive). Therefore, SYBR Green qPCR multiplex proved to be a reliable tool to identify resistance genes in S. pneumoniae and would be less expensive than multiplex qPCR using specific probes. This could be easily introduced into the routine of diagnostic laboratories and provide a strong presumption of pneumococcal resistance, especially in the absence of isolated strains.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Benzothiazoles; Diamines; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pneumococcal Infections; Quinolines; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Retrospective Studies; Streptococcus pneumoniae
PubMed: 35700211
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269895 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Mar 2023The extended use of ethambutol beyond 2 months for treating tuberculosis has increased risk of optic neuropathy. We performed a systematic review of studies evaluating... (Review)
Review
The extended use of ethambutol beyond 2 months for treating tuberculosis has increased risk of optic neuropathy. We performed a systematic review of studies evaluating optic neuropathy in extended ethambutol use since 2010 and compared the outcome with a similar systematic review (1965-2010) by Ezer et al. Literature search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Main outcome measures were visual acuity, color vision, visual field defects, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and visual evoked potential (VEP). The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists were used for quality assessment. Twelve studies were selected (out of 639 studies) for analysis of ethambutol optic neuropathy. Visual acuity improvement after stopping ethambutol was statistically significant. Similar improvement was not noted for other outcome measures. On comparing the results of this review with those by Ezer et al., significant improvement was noted in visual acuity, color vision, and visual field defects. Moreover, more patients reported increased optic nerve toxicity, color vision defects, and visual field defects in the present review. Hence, we conclude that the extended use of ethambutol beyond 2 months results in significant optic nerve toxicity. Further randomized controlled trials with different populations are needed to understand the magnitude of this issue.
Topics: Humans; Ethambutol; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Optic Nerve Diseases; Optic Nerve; Checklist; Rare Diseases
PubMed: 36872667
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1920_22