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Microorganisms Sep 2022The Kogui tribe is an indigenous population living in Colombia. The prevalence values of some enteric bacteria, parasites and microsporidia in Kogui stool samples ( 192)...
The Kogui tribe is an indigenous population living in Colombia. The prevalence values of some enteric bacteria, parasites and microsporidia in Kogui stool samples ( 192) were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thus, genus- or species-specifically recorded positivity rates among the Kogui community were assessed. Protozoa were the leading microorganisms in the stool samples of the Kogui, with an average of 1.5 pathogens per sample, followed by bacteria, with 0.6 pathogens per samples and helminths, with 0.3 pathogens per sample. Microsporidia were not detected. Thereby, the majority of detected protozoa comprised species with questionable etiological relevance such as ( 173) and ( 44), but also a considerable proportion of ( 71). spp., in contrast, was found in a single instance only. The majority of recorded bacteria were spp., with a strikingly high proportion of 50% ( 96), followed by spp./enteroinvasive (EIEC) ( 14) and spp. ( = 4). The quantitatively most important detected helminths were spp. ( = 15), spp. ( = 14) and ( = 12), followed by ( = 6), spp. ( = 3) and ( = 3) in descending order of abundance. As expected, the Kogui people's living conditions comprising poverty, lack of access to clean water and simple housing favor a high number of gastrointestinal infections. Preventive approaches are needed to reduce their risk of infection.
PubMed: 36144464
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091862 -
Parasite (Paris, France) 2022We provide the first evaluation of the CE-IVD marked Novodiag stool parasites assay (NVD), allowing rapid and high-plex detection of 26 distinct targets, encompassing...
The Novodiag Stool parasites assay, an innovative high-plex technique for fast detection of protozoa, helminths and microsporidia in stool samples: a retrospective and prospective study.
OBJECTIVES
We provide the first evaluation of the CE-IVD marked Novodiag stool parasites assay (NVD), allowing rapid and high-plex detection of 26 distinct targets, encompassing protozoans, helminths and microsporidia in stool samples.
METHODS
A total of 254 samples (n = 205 patients) were prospectively processed by the NVD and our routine procedure (RP). Performances of the NVD were compared with RP. Samples only positive by the NVD assay were investigated by external PCR assays. Sensitivity and specificity (Se/Sp) and time from sample receipt to results were determined for each method. The NVD was also evaluated against 77 additional samples positive for a wide range of parasites.
RESULTS
Overall positivity rate was 16.9% for RP compared with 34% using the NVD assay, and 164 samples (66%) were negative by both methods. Only 30 positive samples (12%) showed full concordance between RP and NVD. Fifty-three discordant samples were sent for external investigations. Except for Giardia intestinalis and Trichuris spp., higher Se was observed for the NVD assay for Blastocystis spp. (100% vs. 63%), Dientamoeba fragilis (100% vs. 0%), Schistosoma spp. (100% vs. 17%), and Enterobius vermicularis (100% vs. 67%) but roughly similar to RP for the remaining parasites tested. False-positive results were identified for Blastocystis spp., G. intestinalis, and Trichuris spp. using the NVD assay. The NVD mostly provides a diagnosis on the day of sample receipt compared with a mean of three days with RP.
CONCLUSIONS
Besides some limitations, the NVD is a new diagnostic strategy allowing rapid and high-plex detection of gastrointestinal parasites from unpreserved stools.
Topics: Animals; Blastocystis; Feces; Helminths; Humans; Microsporidia; Parasites; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35550028
DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022026 -
Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi Sep 2022This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of intestinal parasites in refugee and native patients who applied to a territory hospital in Turkey.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of intestinal parasites in refugee and native patients who applied to a territory hospital in Turkey.
METHODS
A total of 17911 patients who were admitted to our hospital between January 2018 and January 2019 were evaluated retrospectively in terms of intestinal parasites. The patients' stool samples were investigated for the existence of intestinal parasites by direct wet mount preparation, formalin ether concentration technique and cellophane tape method. The data obtained were compared between patient groups according to the examination method.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of in refugee children was found twice higher than that in native patients and the most common symptom was abdominal pain in these patients. Intestinal parasite detection rates were significantly higher in the stool concentration method than in the direct wet mount examination. Cutaneous complaints and protein energy malnutrition/growth retardation were the most common clinical conditions besides gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with intestinal parasitosis.
CONCLUSION
In our study, the prevalence of sp. in refugees was found to be higher than in the normal population. Intestinal parasitic infections should be investigated with proper diagnostic methods especially in children with PEM/GR and cutaneous symptoms in addition to gastrointestinal problems.
Topics: Animals; Child; Hospitals; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Parasites; Refugees; Retrospective Studies; Turkey
PubMed: 36094118
DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2022.72691 -
Microorganisms Apr 2020This study aims at evaluating the performances of the multiplex PCR Allplex Gastrointestinal Panel-Parasite Assay (GIPPA), which detects , spp., , , , and , by...
This study aims at evaluating the performances of the multiplex PCR Allplex Gastrointestinal Panel-Parasite Assay (GIPPA), which detects , spp., , , , and , by comparison to microscopy. A retrospective evaluation was conducted on a series of positive clinical samples ( = 99) stored at -80 °C or at +4 °C. A five-month prospective study was then conducted on all samples sent to our lab for parasite detection ( = 586). In the retrospective cohort, sensitivity was 81% for both (26/32) and (21/26) and 100% for spp. (26/26, including 6 different species), (26/26), and (4/4). During the prospective study, 95 samples were positive by microscopy and 207 by multiplex PCR assay. The molecular assay showed a significantly higher sensitivity of PCR, especially for (100% vs. 60.7%, < 0.01), (97.2% vs. 14.1%, < 0.001), and (99.4% vs. 44.2%, < 0.001) but also for (100% vs. 50.0%). The sensitivity of the Allplex GIPPA on the first stool sample was equivalent to the sensitivity of microscopy on multiple stool samples but inferior to multiplex PCR on multiple stool samples. Taken together, the Allplex GIPPA is suitable for the routine detection of protozoa in fecal samples.
PubMed: 32326453
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040569 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Oct 2019Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) which develops without a known stimulation is defined as the occurrence of spontaneous wheals, angioedema or both for longer than six...
INTRODUCTION
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) which develops without a known stimulation is defined as the occurrence of spontaneous wheals, angioedema or both for longer than six weeks. Infections, autoimmunity, food intolerance and internal parasitic infections are supposed to be underlying causes of CSU. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intestinal parasites in children and adult patients diagnosed as CSU, to determine the frequency of parasites in chronic urticaria, and to compare these patients with healthy demographic control groups.
METHODOLOGY
Seventy six children and 38 adult patients with CSU were examined in terms of parasitic infections. The patients whom parasites were detected received anti-parasitic therapy and the improvements in CSU symptoms were evaluated. Stool samples were examined with direct microscopic examination (native-lugol), stool concentration and trichrome staining methods.
RESULTS
In pediatric patient group, 18.4% (n = 14) of the stool samples were positive for Blastocystis sp., 2.6% (n = 2), Dientamoeba fragilis and 1.3% (n = 1), Giardia duodenalis. In adult patient group, Blastocystis sp. was detected in 18.4% (n = 7) of the stool samples. Anti-parasitic therapy yielded substantial improvement in urticaria symptoms in 57.1% of pediatric and 60.0% of adult patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis may play a role in chronic urticaria which seriously disrupts the patient's quality of life. Parasitic infections should not be neglected in patients with cutaneous manifestations.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antiparasitic Agents; Blastocystis; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Urticaria; Dientamoeba; Eosinophils; Female; Giardia lamblia; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Infant; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Turkey; Young Adult
PubMed: 32084024
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.11552 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024spp., and are species of protozoa- causing diarrhoea that are common worldwide, while , and sp. appear to be commensal parasites whose role in pathogenicity remains...
spp., and are species of protozoa- causing diarrhoea that are common worldwide, while , and sp. appear to be commensal parasites whose role in pathogenicity remains controversial. We conducted the clinical evaluation of five singleplex and one duplex CerTest VIASURE Real-Time PCR Assays against a large panel of positive DNA samples ( = 358), and specifically to spp. ( = 96), ( = 115), ( = 25) ( = 11), sp. ( = 42), ( = 37), and related parasitic phylum species such as Apicomplexa, Euglenozoa, Microsporidia and Nematoda. DNA samples were obtained from clinical stool specimens or cultured isolates in a national reference centre. Estimated diagnostic sensitivity and specificity values were 0.94-1 for spp., 0.96-0.99 for , 0.96-1 for , 1-1 for , and 1-0.99 for in the evaluated singleplex assays. In the duplex assay for the simultaneous detection of sp. and these values were 1-0.98 and 1-0.99, respectively. Measures of diagnostic precision for repeatability and reproducibility were found to be under acceptable ranges. The assays identified six species (, , , , , and ), four assemblages (A, B, C, and F), and six subtypes (ST1-ST5, and ST8). The evaluated singleplex and duplex VIASURE Real-Time PCR assays provide sensitive, practical, and cost-effective choices to the molecular diagnosis of the main diarrhoea-causing intestinal protists in clinical microbiology and research laboratories.
PubMed: 38337835
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14030319 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Nov 2021Despite the global use of rotavirus vaccines, vaccine breakthrough cases remain a pediatric health problem. In this study, we investigated suspected rotavirus vaccine...
Despite the global use of rotavirus vaccines, vaccine breakthrough cases remain a pediatric health problem. In this study, we investigated suspected rotavirus vaccine breakthrough cases using next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based viral metagenomics ( = 102) and a panel of semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) ( = 92) targeting known enteric pathogens. Overall, we identified coinfections in 80% of the cases. Enteropathogens such as adenovirus (32%), enterovirus (15%), diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (1 to 14%), astrovirus (10%), spp. (10%), parechovirus (9%), norovirus (9%), Clostridioides (formerly ) difficile (9%), Dientamoeba fragilis (9%), sapovirus (8%), Campylobacter jejuni (4%), and Giardia lamblia (4%) were detected. Except for a few reassortant rotavirus strains, unusual genotypes or genotype combinations were not present. However, in addition to well-known enteric viruses, divergent variants of enteroviruses and nonclassic astroviruses were identified using NGS. We estimated that in 31.5% of the patients, rotavirus was likely not the cause of gastroenteritis, and in 14.1% of the patients, it contributed together with another pathogen(s) to disease. The remaining 54.4% of the patients likely had a true vaccine breakthrough infection. The high prevalence of alternative enteropathogens in the suspected rotavirus vaccine breakthrough cases suggests that gastroenteritis is often the result of a coinfection and that rotavirus vaccine effectiveness might be underestimated in clinical and epidemiological studies.
Topics: Child; Feces; Humans; Prevalence; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rotavirus Vaccines
PubMed: 34586890
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01236-21 -
Avicenna Journal of Medicine 2019The intestinal parasites are still endemic among children, women, and men in Gaza Strip.
BACKGROUND
The intestinal parasites are still endemic among children, women, and men in Gaza Strip.
OBJECTIVES
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of intestinal parasites among young female students of Islamic University of Gaza to report the existence and prevalence of intestinal parasites.
METHODS
A total of 305 stool samples were collected from female students in all faculties and were examined by wet mount and formal ether sedimentation technique.
RESULTS
This study showed that the overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 20.6%. The detected intestinal parasites were as follows: (7.5%), (4.9%), (0.3%), (2.6%), (1.0%), and (3.9%). Science students showed the highest prevalence for parasitic infections (35.3%), and married students (16.7%) had higher prevalence than single students (6.5%).
CONCLUSION
It was concluded that female students also are under risk of gaining parasitic infection in spite of their education. It is recommended that university students should be subjected to regular medical examinations for parasitic infections.
PubMed: 31903389
DOI: 10.4103/ajm.AJM_8_19 -
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 2021
Comparison of five commercial real-time PCRs for in-vitro diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora cayetanensis, and Dientamoeba fragilis in human stool samples.
Topics: Cryptosporidiosis; Cryptosporidium; Cyclospora; Dientamoeba; Entamoeba histolytica; Feces; Giardia lamblia; Giardiasis; Humans; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 33812018
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102042 -
BMC Infectious Diseases May 2020Pediatric diarrhea caused by a range of pathogens, including intestinal parasites, is one of main causes of death among children under 5 years of age. The distribution...
BACKGROUND
Pediatric diarrhea caused by a range of pathogens, including intestinal parasites, is one of main causes of death among children under 5 years of age. The distribution of these parasitic infections overlaps in many environmental, socioeconomic and epidemiological settings. Their distribution and prevalence varies from region to region. In the current study, we assess the prevalence of intestinal parasites among pediatric patients with syndromic diarrheal disease living in Franceville, Gabon.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study conducted in the Amissa Bongo Regional Hospital and Chinese-Gabonese Friendship Hospital in Franceville, between November 2016 and August 2017, enrolled a total of 100 diarrheic children between 0 and 180 months of age. Parasite detection in stool samples was performed using molecular diagnostic by PCR. Difference in means were tested by Student's t test and ANOVA while principal component analysis was used to determine the correlation between parasite distributions and age groups.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of intestinal parasite infection was 61% (61/100). Hymenolepis sp and Cryptosporidium hominis/parvum were the most common parasites (31 and 19%, respectively), followed by Encephalitozoon intestinalis (15%), Trichuris trichiura (4%), Dientamoeba fragilis (4%), and Enterocytozoon bieneusi (2%). The polyparasitism rate was 19.7%, with 83.3% double and 16.7% triple infections. Protozoan infections (66.7%) were more prevalent than helminths infections (33.3%). Seasonal association of the circulation of intestinal parasite was statistically significant (p = 0.03). Correlations between different parasites was also observed.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections is highest in diarrheic pediatric children. The prevalence of parasitic infections indicates that protozoa and helminths are the most common parasites in the Franceville environment. This study reinforces the importance of routine examination of diarrheic stool samples for the diagnostic of intestinal parasites. Further analyses are required to better understand the local epidemiology and risk factors associated with the transmission of intestinal parasites in Franceville, Gabon. KEYSWORDS: diarrhea, children, intestinal parasitic infections, molecular diagnostic, Franceville, Gabon.
Topics: Animals; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cryptosporidiosis; Cryptosporidium; Diarrhea; Feces; Female; Gabon; Helminthiasis; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevalence; Protozoan Infections; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32414337
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05071-x