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Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... May 2022
Topics: Breast Feeding; Diet; Diet, Vegan; Diet, Vegetarian; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Mothers; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Vegetarians
PubMed: 35510463
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0847 -
Nutrients Nov 2022A plant-based diet (PBD) can provide numerous health benefits for patients with cardiovascular risk factors. However, an inadequately planned PBD also bear the potential... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
A plant-based diet (PBD) can provide numerous health benefits for patients with cardiovascular risk factors. However, an inadequately planned PBD also bear the potential for deficiencies in certain macro- and micronutrients. The present study analyzed nutrient profiles of individuals who adopted a PBD as part of the CardioVeg study. Participants with cardiovascular risk factors were randomly assigned to either a whole-food PBD intervention ( = 36; eight 90 min group meetings including two 120 min cooking sessions) or a control group asked to maintain an omnivorous diet ( = 34) for eight weeks. Food intake data were collected using three-day weighed food records and analyzed with NutriGuide software, including the German Nutrient Data Base (German: Bundeslebensmittelschlüssel). Nutrient intake was compared before and after eight weeks as well as between the groups. The results for both groups were then contrasted to the current dietary recommendations published by the societies for nutrition in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Moreover, anthropometric/laboratory data and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were determined at baseline and after 8 weeks. Data of a subsample ( = 18 in the PBD group and = 19 in the control group) were used for the present analyses of the dietary intake data. A PBD yielded several benefits including (but not limited to) a lower energy density, a lower intake of cholesterol and saturated fat, an increased consumption of fiber, and a lower intake of salt. Recommended intakes of most vitamins and minerals were generally met, except for vitamin B12 in the PBD group. A low intake of several other critical nutrients (vitamin D, iodine) was observed in both groups. Compared with the control group, PBD resulted in a significant decrease in body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, HbA1c, and fasting blood glucose after 8 weeks. Overall, it can be concluded that a PBD had a more favorable nutrient composition for cardiovascular health than the omnivorous dietary pattern of the control group.
Topics: Humans; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Diet; Energy Intake; Micronutrients; Vitamins; Eating; Diet, Vegetarian
PubMed: 36364858
DOI: 10.3390/nu14214597 -
The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Aged; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diet; Diet, Mediterranean
PubMed: 38308926
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100172 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021Moderation in the use of salt (sodium chloride) in food and food preparations prevents the tendency of blood pressure to increase with age, and this is documented by...
Moderation in the use of salt (sodium chloride) in food and food preparations prevents the tendency of blood pressure to increase with age, and this is documented by many studies in current literature [...].
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diet; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Humans; Hypertension; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Chloride, Dietary
PubMed: 34299228
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147608 -
ELife Oct 2023Gene expression profiling of a diverse mouse population helps to decipher how a fat-rich diet contributes to inflammatory bowel disease.
Gene expression profiling of a diverse mouse population helps to decipher how a fat-rich diet contributes to inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Diet; Diet, High-Fat; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 37855820
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.92714 -
Nutrients Sep 2023This Special Issue of Nutrients, "Influence of Maternal Diet and Environmental Factors on Fetal Development", requests articles on the roles of maternal diet and...
This Special Issue of Nutrients, "Influence of Maternal Diet and Environmental Factors on Fetal Development", requests articles on the roles of maternal diet and environmental factors such as microbiota, plastics, and endocrine disruptive chemicals impact fetal development [...].
Topics: Fetal Development; Diet; Nutrients; Fetus
PubMed: 37836378
DOI: 10.3390/nu15194094 -
Nutrients May 2024Infertility affects 15% of the population in developed countries, and its prevalence is increasing. Fertility can be influenced by different factors. Although key... (Review)
Review
Infertility affects 15% of the population in developed countries, and its prevalence is increasing. Fertility can be influenced by different factors. Although key factors like maternal age cannot be changed, there is growing evidence that other modifiable factors, such as diet, can have an impact on fertility. Diet has become increasingly important in recent years for a number of reasons: the new trend toward a healthy lifestyle, the higher prevalence of certain digestive disorders, a lack of time that leads people to consume more prepared and processed food, and personal choice to not eat meat, among others. To meet these needs, several diets have recently become popular, such as the Mediterranean diet, known as the gold standard of health; the DASH diet, known for preventing hypertension; the Western diet, characterized by processed food; the ketogenic diet, characterized by low carbohydrate intake; and the vegetarian diet, which is the choice for people who do not eat meat or animal by-products. Diets present a unique composition characterized by the presence or absence of specific nutrients, which have also been associated with male and female fertility individually. This review assesses the impact of these diets and of macro- and micronutrients on both female and male fertility.
Topics: Humans; Female; Fertility; Diet, Mediterranean; Male; Diet, Vegetarian; Diet; Diet, Western; Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension; Diet, Ketogenic; Infertility; Diet, Healthy
PubMed: 38892663
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111726 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) May 2023The adoption of healthy and sustainable diets and the transition to sustainable food systems is of principal importance in order to counteract the double burden of... (Review)
Review
The adoption of healthy and sustainable diets and the transition to sustainable food systems is of principal importance in order to counteract the double burden of climate change and noncommunicable diseases. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been widely recognized as a biodiversity and healthy nutrition resource to support sustainable development and food security. This study explored biodiversity in terms of food plants species, subspecies, varieties, and races, and also addressed food plant diversity differences between the MD and Western-type consumption patterns. It was funded by the EU BioValue Project, aiming to promote the integration of underutilized crops into the food value chains. Using a 2-stage scheme, data were selected from MEDUSA and Euro+Med databases (including 449 species, 2366 subspecies, varieties, and races). Furthermore, 12 countries from North Africa and Europe were classified in 2 groups according to their subregional attributes and their traditionally most prevalent dietary pattern (MD or Western-type diets). Statistical analysis showed that the mean of the majorly cultivated food plants in the MD was significantly higher than its counterpart in the Western diet. Furthermore, no statistical difference was detected in the averages of native food plants between the MD group and the Western diet group, implying that the higher diversity in food plants observed in the MD seems to be attributed to crop utilization rather than crop availability. Our findings indicated the interlinkage between biodiversity and prevailing dietary patterns and further underlined that biodiversity could constitute a prerequisite for dietary diversity and hence nutrition security. In addition, this study demonstrated that diets and nutrition should be approached in a broader way within the context of both agro-food and ecological systems.
Topics: Humans; Diet, Mediterranean; Conservation of Natural Resources; Diet; Biodiversity; Diet, Healthy; Crops, Agricultural
PubMed: 36997093
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.03.011 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2023The primary goal of this study was to investigate the relation between the choice of a vegan or vegetarian diet as a criterion of sustainability and the aspect of...
BACKGROUND
The primary goal of this study was to investigate the relation between the choice of a vegan or vegetarian diet as a criterion of sustainability and the aspect of heartfulness. We also analyzed which demographic, diet-related, and mindfulness practice-related variables could predict the different facets of heartfulness.
METHODS
In total, 419 persons participated. After providing demographic, diet-related, and mindfulness practice-related information, participants completed a gratitude questionnaire, a self-compassion scale, a compassion scale, and an equanimity scale.
RESULTS
The results show that vegans and vegetarians indicated higher scores than omnivores in some aspects of heartfulness, such as both self-compassion scales. These effects could not be shown for the two equanimity scales and for the gratitude questionnaire. Most aspects of heartfulness could either be predicted by demographic or diet-related variables. The best predictors of the elements of heartfulness were the ecological, ethical, or health-related reasons for choosing their diet stated by the participants, as well as the importance the participants attached to nutrition.
CONCLUSION
This study provides evidence that vegans and vegetarians scored higher in several aspects of heartfulness. Vegans tended to score even higher than vegetarians. Both demographic and diet-related variables could predict heartfulness.
Topics: Humans; Vegans; Vegetarians; Diet, Vegan; Diet, Vegetarian; Diet
PubMed: 36981851
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064943 -
United European Gastroenterology Journal Sep 2023Lifestyle modification comprising calorie restriction (CR) and increased physical activity enabling weight loss is the first-line of treatment for non-alcoholic fatty... (Review)
Review
Lifestyle modification comprising calorie restriction (CR) and increased physical activity enabling weight loss is the first-line of treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, CR alone is not optimal and evidence suggests that dietary pattern and composition are also critical in NAFLD management. Accordingly, high consumption of red and processed meat, saturated fat, added sugar, and sweetened beverages are associated with an increased risk of developing NAFLD and hepatocellular carcinoma, while other foods and compounds such as fish, olive oil, and polyphenols are, in contrast, beneficial for metabolic disorders. Therefore, several dietary interventions have been studied in order to determine which strategy would be the most beneficial for NAFLD. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of different dietary interventions such as low carbohydrate/low-fat diet, time-restricted eating diet, CR, and the well-studied Mediterranean diet is summarized.
Topics: Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Exercise; Weight Loss; Diet, Mediterranean; Dietary Patterns
PubMed: 37491835
DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12443