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Nutrients Aug 2022A series of previous studies by our team has shown that the Guangxi longevity dietary pattern contributes to the improvement of human health, but the role of dietary...
A series of previous studies by our team has shown that the Guangxi longevity dietary pattern contributes to the improvement of human health, but the role of dietary fiber compounds (DFC) in the anti-aging of this dietary pattern has not been studied in depth. Thus, mice were fed with 5%, 15%, and 30% of the characteristic dietary fiber compound (CDFC) (compounded according to the longevity dietary pattern) for 8 weeks, and their learning memory capacity, antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory markers, as well as typical microorganisms in the intestinal tract were analyzed to investigate the anti-aging effects of the CDFC under the Guangxi longevity dietary pattern on naturally aging mice. The results showed that CDFC had a bidirectional effect on body weight regulation; increased brain, spleen, and cardiac indices, of which the medium dose was the best. Meanwhile, CDFC also had a maintenance and improvement effect on learning and memory ability in aging mice, as well as improved antioxidant capacity and reduced inflammation level. The neuronal cell necrosis in the hippocampus of mice was effectively alleviated. The expression of and was significantly reduced, and the expression of and increased. In addition, the optimal amount of CDFC added from the level of experimental animals was in a certain interval above and below 15%. The combined results indicated that CDFC mediated by the Guangxi longevity dietary pattern had significant anti-aging effects, thus theoretically proving that dietary fiber compound contributes to human longevity.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Antioxidants; China; Dietary Fiber; Humans; Longevity; Mice
PubMed: 35956357
DOI: 10.3390/nu14153181 -
BioMed Research International 2019The main purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of soluble and insoluble fiber on colonic bacteria and intestinal barrier function in a piglet model. A...
The main purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of soluble and insoluble fiber on colonic bacteria and intestinal barrier function in a piglet model. A total of 24 piglets (25 ± 1 d old; 7.50 ± 0.31 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments: basal diet (control, CON), 1% insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) diet, 1% soluble dietary fiber (SDF) diet, and 0.5% insoluble fiber + 0.5% soluble dietary fiber (MDF) diet. The trial lasted 28 days. SDF-fed piglets showed a higher ( < 0.05) bacterial -diversity (observed_species, chao1, and ACE) and a higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, , , and in colonic digesta than CON, IDF, and MDF groups ( < 0.05). At the same time, Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota, , and were significantly increased in the IDF group when compared with CON, SDF, and MDF groups ( < 0.05). Furthermore, Bacteroidetes and Enterobacteriaceae, , and ( < 0.05) were significantly higher in the MDF group than those in the other three groups ( < 0.05). SDF diet increased the concentrations of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) in colonic digesta ( < 0.05) when compared with the CON group and enhanced weight index of the colon ( < 0.05) than the CON and IDF groups. Furthermore, compared with the CON group, SDF, IDF, and MDF diets all upregulated the mRNA expressions of claudin-1 () in colonic mucosa ( < 0.05), SDF and IDF diets upregulated the mRNA expressions of mucin 2 () ( < 0.05), SDF diet increased mRNA expressions of zonula occludens 1 () and occludin (), while the IDF group enhanced the secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentrations ( < 0.05), respectively. IDF and MDF diets decreased expressions of ( < 0.05). We concluded that the influence of soluble fiber on colonic microbiota was more extensive than that of insoluble fiber. Moreover, soluble fiber could more effectively improve colonic barrier function by upregulating gene expressions of the gut barrier.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Bacteria; Colon; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Microbiota; Solubility; Swine; Weaning
PubMed: 31950054
DOI: 10.1155/2019/7809171 -
Cancer Jul 2020Associations between fiber intake and breast cancer risk have been evaluated in prospective studies, but overall, the evidence is inconsistent. The authors performed a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Associations between fiber intake and breast cancer risk have been evaluated in prospective studies, but overall, the evidence is inconsistent. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to investigate the relation between intake of total and types of fiber with breast cancer incidence.
METHODS
The MEDLINE and Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) databases were searched through July 2019 for prospective studies that reported on the association between fiber consumption and incident breast cancer. The pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated comparing the highest versus the lowest category of total and types of fiber consumption, using a random-effects meta-analysis.
RESULTS
The authors identified 17 cohort studies, 2 nested case-control studies, and 1 clinical trial study. Total fiber consumption was associated with an 8% lower risk of breast cancer (comparing the highest versus the lowest category, pooled RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88-0.95 [I = 12.6%]). Soluble fiber was found to be significantly inversely associated with risk of breast cancer (pooled RR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.84-0.96; I = 12.6%]) and insoluble fiber was found to be suggestively inversely associated with risk of breast cancer (pooled RR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.86-1.00; I = 33.4%]). Higher total fiber intake was associated with a lower risk of both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancers (pooled RR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.67-0.99; I = 35.2%] and pooled RR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.88-0.95; I = 0.0%], respectively). Furthermore, the authors observed a nonsignificant inverse association between intake of total fiber and risk of both estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive and estrogen and progesterone receptor-negative breast cancers.
CONCLUSIONS
A random-effects meta-analysis of prospective observational studies demonstrated that high total fiber consumption was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. This finding was consistent for soluble fiber as well as for women with premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms; Cohort Studies; Dietary Fiber; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Premenopause; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 32249416
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32816 -
Nutrients Apr 2020In recent years, research has focused on the use of dietary fibers and prebiotics, since many of these polysaccharides can be metabolized by intestinal microbiota,... (Review)
Review
In recent years, research has focused on the use of dietary fibers and prebiotics, since many of these polysaccharides can be metabolized by intestinal microbiota, leading to the production of short-chain fatty acids. The metabolites of prebiotic fermentation also show anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory capabilities, suggesting an interesting role in the treatment of several pathological conditions. Galacto-oligosaccharide and short- and long-chain fructans (Fructo-oligosaccharides and inulin) are the most studied prebiotics, even if other dietary compounds seem to show the same features. There is an increasing interest in dietary strategies to modulate microbiota. The aim of this review is to explore the mechanisms of action of prebiotics and their effects on the principal gastro-intestinal disorders in adults, with a special focus on Galacto-oligosaccharides, Fructo-oligosaccharides, lactulose and new emerging substances which currently have evidence of prebiotics effects, such as xilooligosaccharides, soybean oligosaccharides, isomaltooligosaccharides, lactobionic acid, resistant starch and polyphenols.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Inulin; Lactulose; Male; Oligosaccharides; Prebiotics
PubMed: 32283802
DOI: 10.3390/nu12041037 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Nov 2020Pouteria glomerata is a native species from the Brazilian Pantanal, whose fruit is edible and still underexploited. The objective of this study was to carried out the...
Pouteria glomerata is a native species from the Brazilian Pantanal, whose fruit is edible and still underexploited. The objective of this study was to carried out the chemical, nutritional and antioxidant properties of this tropical fruit, as well as to isolate e characterize the chemical strucutre of their dietary fibers. DPPH and ORAC methods were used to determine the antioxidant capacity. Minerals were quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Soluble and insoluble dietary fiber fractions were obtained by the standard enzymatic-gravimetric method and chemically characterized by monosaccharide composition, gel permeation and NMR spectroscopy. Results showed that P. glomerata fruits presented high antioxidant capacity and high levels of vitamin C, minerals, insoluble dietary fiber, and malic acid. The soluble dietary fiber was mainly composed of uronic acids, arabinose, and galactose, and NMR analysis indicated the presence of highly methylesterified homogalacturonan, arabinan and/or arabinogalactan as pectic polysaccharides. Hemicelluloses present in insoluble dietary fiber fraction were solubilized by alkaline treatment, and characterized as (1 → 4)-β-D-xylan. The results brings new chemical information about this native fruit and may open new opportunities for using it as a potential ingredient for health improvement by human comsumption.
Topics: Brazil; Dietary Fiber; Fruit; Humans; Pouteria; Xylans
PubMed: 33233188
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109576 -
Nutrients Dec 2023A "high-fat, high-energy diet" is commonly recommended for children with cystic fibrosis (CF), leading to negative consequences on dietary patterns that could contribute... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
A "high-fat, high-energy diet" is commonly recommended for children with cystic fibrosis (CF), leading to negative consequences on dietary patterns that could contribute to altered colonic microbiota. The aim of this study was to assess dietary intake and to identify possible associations with the composition of faecal microbiota in a cohort of children with CF. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, including a 3-day food record simultaneously with the collection of faecal samples. The results showed a high fat intake (43.9% of total energy intake) and a mean dietary fibre intake of 10.6 g/day. The faecal microbiota was characterised at the phylum level as 54.5% Firmicutes and revealed an altered proportion between Proteobacteria (32%) and Bacteroidota (2.2%). Significant associations were found, including a negative association between protein, meat, and fish intake and Bifidobacterium, a positive association between lipids and and Streptococcus, a negative association between carbohydrates and and , and a positive association between total dietary fibre and and . The results reveal that a "high-fat, high-energy" diet does not satisfy dietary fibre intake from healthy food sources in children with CF. Further interventional studies are encouraged to explore the potential of shifting to a high-fibre or standard healthy diet to improve colonic microbiota.
Topics: Child; Animals; Humans; Diet; Cystic Fibrosis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietary Fiber; Diet, High-Fat; Microbiota; Eating
PubMed: 38140272
DOI: 10.3390/nu15245013 -
Poultry Science Feb 2021This review discusses the complex nature of the primary nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) in corn with respect to the merit of debranching enzymes. Celluloses,... (Review)
Review
This review discusses the complex nature of the primary nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) in corn with respect to the merit of debranching enzymes. Celluloses, hemicelluloses, and pectins comprise the 3 major categories of NSP that make up nearly 90% of plant cell walls. Across cereals, the hemicellulose arabinoxylan exists as the primary NSP, followed by cellulose, glucans, and others. Differences in arabinoxylan structure among cereals and cereal fractions are facilitated by cereal type, degree and pattern of substitution along the xylan backbone, phenol content, and cross-linkages. In particular, arabinoxylan (also called glucuronoarabinoxylan) in corn is heavily fortified with substituents, being more populated than in wheat and other cereal grains. Feed-grade xylanases - almost solely of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) 10 and GH 11 families - require at least 2 or 3 contiguous xylose units to be free of attachments to effectively attack the xylan chain. This canopy of attachments, along with a high phenol content and the insoluble nature of corn glucuronoarabinoxylan, confers a significant resistance to xylanase attack. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that debranching enzymes appreciably increase xylanase access and fiber degradability by removing these attachments and breaking phenolic linkages. The enzymatic degradation of the highly branched arabinoxylan can facilitate disassembly of other fibers by increasing exposure to pertinent carbohydrases. For cereals, the arabinofuranosidases, α-glucuronidases, and esterases are some of the more germane debranching enzymes. Enzyme composites beyond the simple core mixes of xylanases, cellulases, and glucanases can exploit synergistic benefits generated by this class of enzymes. A broad scope of enzymatic activity in customized mixes can more effectively target the resilient NSP construct of cereal grains in commercial poultry diets, particularly those in corn-based feeds.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Dietary Fiber; Glycoside Hydrolases; Poultry; Glycine max; Zea mays
PubMed: 33518131
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.074 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023The effects of insoluble dietary fiber from fresh corn bracts modified by dynamic high-pressure micro-fluidization (DHPM) on the pathological characteristics of obesity,...
The effects of insoluble dietary fiber from fresh corn bracts modified by dynamic high-pressure micro-fluidization (DHPM) on the pathological characteristics of obesity, intestinal microflora distribution and production of short-chain fatty acids in high-fat-diet C57BL/6 mice were evaluated. The results show that the DHPM-modified dietary fiber from fresh corn bracts significantly reduces weight gain, insulin resistance and oxidative damage caused by a high-fat diet, and promotes the production of SCFAs, especially acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid. These modified dietary fibers also change the proportion of different types of bacteria in the intestinal microflora of mice, reduce the ratio of and and promote the proliferation of . Therefore, the DHPM-modified dietary fiber from fresh corn bracts can be used as a good intestinal microbiota regulator to promote intestinal health, thereby achieving the role of preventing and treating obesity.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Zea mays; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Butyric Acid; Dietary Fiber
PubMed: 37446612
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134949 -
Nutrients Jun 2021We have developed a mobile phone application for measuring the intake of dietary fiber and validated the ability of the application to accurately capture this intake...
We have developed a mobile phone application for measuring the intake of dietary fiber and validated the ability of the application to accurately capture this intake against measurements registered by a dietary record. We also investigated what food groups contributed most to the total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fiber intake. Twenty-six randomly selected Swedish women aged 35-85 years were included and randomized to either start to register dietary intake in the application or by a dietary record, during three consecutive days. After a washout period of at least two weeks, the participants used the other method. We found that the difference in measured mean fiber intake between the dietary record and the application was two grams independent of the total intake per day. A statistically significant correlation between fiber intake as measured by the two methods was found (rho = 0.65, < 0.001). Vegetables and roots were the predominantly contributing foods to total and soluble fiber intake. Bread and crackers contributed most to insoluble fiber intake. In conclusion, the application may be considered as a useful and easy-to-use method to measure dietary fiber intake.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cell Phone; Diet Records; Diet Surveys; Dietary Fiber; Eating; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Mobile Applications; Reproducibility of Results; Sweden
PubMed: 34206639
DOI: 10.3390/nu13072133 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2023Insoluble plant cell walls are a main source of dietary fiber. Both chemical and physical fiber structures create distinct niches for gut bacterial utilization. Here, we...
Insoluble plant cell walls are a main source of dietary fiber. Both chemical and physical fiber structures create distinct niches for gut bacterial utilization. Here, we have taken key fermentable solubilized polysaccharides of plant cell walls and fabricated them back into cell wall-like film forms to understand how fiber physical structure directs gut bacterial fermentation outcomes. Solubilized corn bran arabinoxylan (Cax), extracted to retain some ferulate residues, was covalently linked using laccase to form an insoluble cell wall-like film (Cax-F) that was further embedded with pectin (CaxP-F). In vitro fecal fermentation using gut microbiota from three donors was performed on the films and soluble fibers. Depending on the donor, CaxP-F led to higher relative abundance of recognized beneficial bacteria and/or butyrate producers-Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium halii, unassigned Lachnospiraceae, Blautia, and Anaerostipes-than free pectin and Cax, and Cax-F. Thus, physical form and location of fibers within cell walls form niches for some health-related gut bacteria. This work brings a new understanding of the importance of insoluble cell wall-associated fibers and shows that targeted fiber materials can be fabricated to support important gut microbiota taxa and metabolites of health significance.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dietary Fiber; Butyrates; Bacteria; Feces; Fermentation; Pectins; Ecosystem
PubMed: 36732599
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27907-7