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The American Journal of Gastroenterology Jun 2022There is accumulating evidence for the fundamental role of diet in the integrated care of disorders of gut-brain interaction. Food is a complex mixture of components... (Review)
Review
There is accumulating evidence for the fundamental role of diet in the integrated care of disorders of gut-brain interaction. Food is a complex mixture of components with individual, synergistic, and antagonistic effects, compared with the relative purity of a pharmaceutical. Food is also an inherent part of individuals' daily lives, and food choice is strongly tied to food preferences, personal beliefs, cultural and religious practices, and economic status, which can influence its ability to function as a therapeutic intervention. Hence, randomized controlled trials of dietary interventions carry unique methodological complexities that are not applicable to pharmaceutical trials that if disregarded can pose significant risk to trial quality. The challenges of designing and delivering the dietary intervention depend on the type of intervention (i.e., nutrient vs food supplementation or whole-diet intervention). Furthermore, there are multiple modes of delivery of dietary interventions, each with their own advantages (e.g., the high precision of feeding trials and the strong clinical applicability of dietary counseling trials). Randomized placebo-controlled trials of dietary interventions are possible with sufficient attention to their design and methodological nuances. Collaboration with experts in nutrition and dietetics is essential for the planning phase; however, even with expert input, not all challenges can be overcome. Researchers undertaking future dietary trials must be transparent in reporting these challenges and approaches for overcoming them. This review aims to provide guiding principles and recommendations for addressing these challenges to facilitate the conduct and reporting of high-quality trials that inform and improve clinical practice.
Topics: Brain; Diet; Dietetics; Humans; Nutritional Status; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 35297784
DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001732 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022The aim of this review was to determine whether male football players meet dietary recommendations according to a UEFA expert group statement and to identify priority... (Review)
Review
The aim of this review was to determine whether male football players meet dietary recommendations according to a UEFA expert group statement and to identify priority areas for dietetic intervention, including training periodization and field position. A database search of PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO and Scopus was performed. To be included within the final review, articles were required to provide a dietary intake assessment of professional and semi-professional football players. A total of 17 studies met the full eligibility criteria. Several studies showed insufficient energy and carbohydrate intake compared to the recommendations. A majority of athletes consume adequate protein and fat intakes compared to the recommendations. In addition, several studies showed the insufficient intake of vitamins and minerals. This systematic review showed that football players do not meet the nutritional recommendations according to the UEFA expert group statement. Future research should be focused on how to apply nutritional recommendations specific for athletes in accordance with training periodization and positions on the field.
Topics: Humans; Male; Athletes; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Energy Intake; Soccer; Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 35954912
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159561 -
BMC Medical Education May 2024Interprofessional education (IPE) is an integrative approach that enables collaboration of students of two or more different health professions in aim to acquire skills... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Interprofessional education (IPE) is an integrative approach that enables collaboration of students of two or more different health professions in aim to acquire skills and competencies related not only to their field of study but also to ensure the standard of care based on collaborative practice. IPE has not yet been explored in relation to collaboration between dietetics-nutrition and pharmacy students, while there is evidence that in many cases nutrition is complementary to pharmacotherapy in the treatment process.
AIM
The aim of this scoping review was to gather, describe and discuss all relevant literature regarding joint interprofessional training of pharmacy and dietetics-nutrition undergraduates.
METHODS
We performed a literature search for studies where IPE between dietetics-nutrition and pharmacy students was described. 2204 articles on this topic were identified. After eligibility assessment, 8 articles were included in the review.
RESULTS
Eight studies were included in the review. Two of these described IPE activities between dietetics and pharmacy students only. The included studies varied in setting, methodology and outcome measures and covered a wide range of topics relevant to clinical practice, such as management of inflammatory bowel diseases, care of the older adults or counselling skills. The most common teaching method was the use of case studies. Some of the included studies did not identify specific learning objectives. The most common way of gathering feedback from participants was through questionnaires and interviews.
CONCLUSIONS
IPE of pharmacy and dietetics-nutrition students is feasible and may be beneficial in many aspects related to learning. However, there is no well-established model or standard that would facilitate the implementation of such activities in individual educational institutions.
Topics: Humans; Dietetics; Education, Pharmacy; Interprofessional Education; Students, Pharmacy; Interprofessional Relations; Curriculum
PubMed: 38778278
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05411-4 -
Nutrients Oct 2021Tactical personnel (including military, law enforcement, and fire and rescue) are responsible for ensuring national and public safety. Dietary intake is an important...
Tactical personnel (including military, law enforcement, and fire and rescue) are responsible for ensuring national and public safety. Dietary intake is an important consideration to support optimal health and performance. The aims of this systematic review were to: (1) describe the reported free-living dietary intake (energy and macronutrients) of tactical personnel, and (2) describe the practical implications of reported dietary intakes to support the physical and dietary requirements of tactical personnel. A systematic search of databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science) was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. English and full text research articles were identified and screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic and dietary intake data were extracted, tabulated, and synthesized narratively. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist. Twenty-two studies (15 military, 4 law enforcement, and 2 fire and rescue) were eligible to inform this review. The volume of evidence suggested that tactical personnel met dietary protein and exceeded dietary fat recommendations but failed to meet energy and carbohydrate recommendations. Therefore, practical approaches to support optimized energy, fat and carbohydrate intake in tactical personnel is important.
Topics: Adult; Diet; Dietetics; Eating; Emergency Responders; Female; Guideline Adherence; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Military Personnel; Occupational Health; Recommended Dietary Allowances; Work Performance
PubMed: 34684503
DOI: 10.3390/nu13103502 -
Current Nutrition Reports Jun 2024Propolis is a bee product that has been used for thousands of years. The chemical composition and biological activity of propolis, which has been investigated in the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Propolis is a bee product that has been used for thousands of years. The chemical composition and biological activity of propolis, which has been investigated in the twentieth century, may vary according to location. Propolis polyphenols can induce thermogenesis in brown and beige fat tissue via the uncoupled protein-1 and creatinine kinase metabolic pathways. This review provides a comprehensive investigation of the structural and biological properties of propolis and provides insights into their promising potential strategies in body weight management.
RECENT FINDINGS
By raising overall energy expenditure, it might lead to body weight management. Furthermore, the phenolic components artepillin C, quercetin, catechin, and chlorogenic acid found in its composition may have anti-obesogenic effect by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system, enhancing browning in white adipose tissue, and triggering AMP-activated protein kinase activation and mitochondrial biogenesis. Propolis, a natural product, is effective in preventing obesity which is a contemporary pandemic.
Topics: Propolis; Obesity; Humans; Anti-Obesity Agents; Animals; Energy Metabolism; Thermogenesis; Polyphenols; Catechin; Quercetin; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Chlorogenic Acid; Adipose Tissue, White; Phenylpropionates
PubMed: 38436884
DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00524-0 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) May 2021For Dietetics students, starting university means developing the knowledge and skills required to be a healthcare practitioner. This pilot study aimed to explore the...
BACKGROUND
For Dietetics students, starting university means developing the knowledge and skills required to be a healthcare practitioner. This pilot study aimed to explore the perceptions and views of the students on their drivers and barriers of healthy eating while studying Dietetics at university.
METHODS
A qualitative study was undertaken with a purposive sample of six final year Dietetic students at a UK university. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to elicit students' experiences and perceptions of barriers to healthy eating. Interview data were analysed thematically.
RESULTS
Five themes emerged from the interview data including studying Dietetics, placement, influence of significant others, food security, and social and cultural aspects of the university life, with several sub-themes, and perspectives about the future beyond the university life.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest a potential need for Dietetics course providers to consider the range of barriers to healthy eating that students may encounter whilst studying and how these may undermine their ability to develop healthy eating practices and effective professional skills. Further research is required that explores the extent of barriers to healthy eating and examine whether these impinge upon effective practice.
PubMed: 34068242
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050579 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Aug 2022Rabbit meat offers excellent nutritive and dietetic properties, but digestive disturbances, mainly during the post-weaning period, induce important economic losses for...
Rabbit meat offers excellent nutritive and dietetic properties, but digestive disturbances, mainly during the post-weaning period, induce important economic losses for rabbit farmers [...].
PubMed: 36009700
DOI: 10.3390/ani12162111 -
Public Health Nutrition Apr 2021The current study sought to describe and compare study type, research design and translation phase of published research in nutrition and dietetic journals in 1998 and...
OBJECTIVE
The current study sought to describe and compare study type, research design and translation phase of published research in nutrition and dietetic journals in 1998 and 2018.
DESIGN
This was a repeat cross-sectional bibliographic analysis of Nutrition and Dietetics research. All eligible studies in the top eight Nutrition and Dietetics indexed journals in 1998 and 2018 were included. Two independent reviewers coded each study for research design (study type and study design) and translation phase (T0-T4) of the research using seminal texts in the field.
SETTING
Not relevant.
PARTICIPANTS
Not relevant.
RESULTS
The number of publications (1998, n 1030; 2018, n 1016) has not changed over time, but the research type, design and translation phases have. The proportion of intervention studies in 1998 (43·8 %) was significantly higher than 2018 (19·4 %). In 2018, more reviews (46·9 % v. 15·6 % in 1998) and less randomised trials (14·3 % v. 37·8 % in 1998) were published. In regard to translation phase, there was a higher proportion of T2-T4 research in 2018 (18·3 % v. 3·8 % in 1998); however, the proportion of T3/T4 (dissemination, implementation and population-level research) research was still low (<3 %). Our sensitivity analysis with the four journals that remained in the top eight journal across the two time periods found no differences in the research type, design and translation phases across time.
CONCLUSIONS
There was a reduction in intervention and T0 publications, alongside higher publication of clinical study designs over time; however, published T3/T4 research in Nutrition and Dietetics is low. A greater focus on publishing interventions and dissemination and implementation may be needed.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietetics; Humans; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 33436117
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980021000136 -
BMC Health Services Research Apr 2023Currently, many public health issues are directly related to malnutrition, and are made worse by social inequities. Nutrition professionals must be a key player in...
BACKGROUND
Currently, many public health issues are directly related to malnutrition, and are made worse by social inequities. Nutrition professionals must be a key player in improving epidemiological aspects of nutrition-related diseases and must be part of clinical teams to control nutritional concerns.
OBJECTIVE
To identify and analyze the nutritionists´ employment situation in Ecuador and areas of work covered and determine if type of university has an impact over work situation.
METHODOLOGY
A cross-sectional study was conducted, approved by the ethics committee of Universidad San Francisco de Quito. It included 442 nutritionists in Ecuador who graduated in 13 universities (5 private (PR) and 8 public (PU)) between 2008 and 2019. It implied an online survey that questioned their satisfaction with their education and current work situation. All the statistical analyses were performed using R version 4.0.3, two-sided weighted chi-square test was performed to estimate the difference between public and private university graduates, IC 95%, p between 0.01 and 0.05.
RESULTS
38,6% of participants are unemployed, 68,28% private university graduates (PR) are currently employed and 58.87% work as nutritionists, compared to 56,86% from a public university (PU) currently working and 44.69% working in the field. 76% have reported being unemployed at some point in their careers, being difficulty finding jobs the main reason. Regarding the professional field, most professionals have their own business, and the less common area of work was public and community nutrition. One third of the participants had another paid activity. The main salary is 800USD per month and graduated from PR perceived better salaries than from PU.
CONCLUSION
There is a lack of job opportunities for Ecuadorian nutritionists despite the high demand in every level of the health system. Most have been unemployed at some point in their careers due to difficulties finding jobs. There is a minimum nutrition staff working in community and public health nutrition.
Topics: Humans; Ecuador; Nutritionists; Cross-Sectional Studies; Nutritional Status; Government Programs
PubMed: 37101179
DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09340-8 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Given the escalating global prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), it is consequently crucial to address childhood obesity by promoting lifestyle adjustments,...
Given the escalating global prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), it is consequently crucial to address childhood obesity by promoting lifestyle adjustments, as exemplified in the World Health Organization's Package of Essential Non-Communicable Disease Interventions for Primary Healthcare [...].
PubMed: 38136085
DOI: 10.3390/children10121883