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Carbohydrate Research Dec 2020The indium-mediated allylation followed by ozonolysis has been applied for the elongation of different disaccharides such as cellobiose, lactose and maltose. This...
The indium-mediated allylation followed by ozonolysis has been applied for the elongation of different disaccharides such as cellobiose, lactose and maltose. This reaction sequence and per-O-acetylation produced the expected mixture of α/β-pyranoid as well as α/β-furanoid isomers. The main product in all cases adopted the β-pyranose form and could be isolated and fully characterized with the help of NMR-spin simulations. Thorough investigation of the side products throughout optimization of the conditions for the ozonolysis resulted in the discovery of a novel 12 membered bridged disaccharide.
Topics: Alkenes; Catalysis; Disaccharides; Indium; Isomerism; Ozone
PubMed: 33068775
DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108170 -
Safety of intravenous iron isomaltoside for iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy.Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics May 2020To evaluate the efficacy and safety for mother and child of using intravenous iron isomaltoside (IV-IIM) during pregnancy. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety for mother and child of using intravenous iron isomaltoside (IV-IIM) during pregnancy.
METHODS
Using an appointment register, we retrospectively identified all pregnant women who received a single dose of 1000 or 1500 mg IV-IIM in the maternity ward of Falu Hospital and subsequently gave birth between August 6, 2013 and July 31, 2018. Women who received IV-IIM (case group) were individually matched with pregnant women who did not receive IV-IIM (control group) by delivery date, maternal age (± 2 years), and parity. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs), demographic characteristics, hemoglobin and s-ferritin counts, pregnancy and delivery complications, and infant data (APGAR score, pH at umbilical artery, birthweight, birth length, intrauterine growth restriction and neonatal ward admission). Data were obtained from electronic patient charts. SPSS was used for descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
During the 5-year period, 213 women each received a single administration of IV-IIM. Ten (4.7%) ADRs occurred during IV-IIM administration. All ADRs were mild hypersensitivity reactions, abated spontaneously within a few minutes, and did not recur on rechallenge. No association between IIM dose and ADR frequency was noted. Maternal and fetal outcomes, including hemoglobin counts at delivery and postpartum, were similar in the case and control groups.
CONCLUSION
These results support the convenience, safety, and efficacy of a single high-dose (up to 1500 mg) infusion of IV-IIM for iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Adult; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Disaccharides; Female; Ferric Compounds; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Care; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32270330
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05509-2 -
Analytical Chemistry Aug 2021Heparan sulfates (HSs) are widely expressed glycans in the animal kingdom. HS plays a role in regulating cell differentiation/proliferation, embryonic development, blood...
Heparan sulfates (HSs) are widely expressed glycans in the animal kingdom. HS plays a role in regulating cell differentiation/proliferation, embryonic development, blood coagulation, inflammatory response, and viral infection. The amount of HS and its structural information are critically important for investigating the functions of HS in vivo. A sensitive and reliable quantitative technique for the analysis of HS from biological samples is under development. Here, we report a new labeling reagent for HS disaccharides analysis, 6-amino--(2-diethylamino)ethyl quinoline-2-carboamide (AMQC). The AMQC-conjugated disaccharides are analyzed by LC-MS/MS in positive mode, significantly improving the sensitivity. The use of AMQC coupled with authentic C-labeled HS disaccharide internal standards empowered us to determine the amount and the disaccharide composition of the HS on a single histological slide. We used this method to profile the levels of HS in the plasma/serum and tissues/organs to assist the disease prognosis in two animal models, including the acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury mouse model and the burn injury mouse model. The method may uncover the roles of HS contributing to the diseases as well as provide a potential new set of biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Chromatography, Liquid; Disaccharides; Heparitin Sulfate; Mice; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 34355888
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01761 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jun 2021
Topics: Diarrhea; Diet; Disaccharides; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Monosaccharides; Oligosaccharides; Polymers
PubMed: 33851195
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab084 -
Poultry Science Oct 2022This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo injection of methionine (Met) and/or disaccharide (DS) on post-hatching pectoral muscle and small intestine...
Effects of methionine and/or disaccharide injected in the amnion of geese on post-hatching pectoral muscle and small intestine development, glycogen reserves, jejunum morphology, and digestive enzymes activities.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo injection of methionine (Met) and/or disaccharide (DS) on post-hatching pectoral muscle and small intestine development, glycogen reserves, jejunum morphology, and jejunum digestive enzymes activities. A total of 600 fertilized eggs containing live embryo from geese were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 6 replicates and 25 eggs per replicate in a completely randomized design employing a 2 × 2 factorial experiment. Factors in 4 groups included noninjection, Met injection (5 g/L Met + 7.5 g/L NaCl), DS injection (25 g/L maltose + 25 g/L sucrose + 7.5 g/L NaCl), or DS plus Met injection (25 g/L maltose + 25 g/L sucrose + 5 g/L Met + 7.5g/L NaCl), respectively. In ovo nutritional injections were performed at day 23 of incubation, and the experiment until d 21 post-hatching. We found that in ovo feeding of Met increased relative weight of pectoral muscle and small intestine, jejunum alkaline phosphatase activities, and jejunum villus height and surface area. DS injection improved the relative weight of pectoral muscle, pectoral and liver glycogen contents, jejunum villus height, width, and surface area, and jejunum sucrase, Na/KATPase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. In addition, Met plus DS injection synergistically improved jejunum villus height and surface area. Therefore, Met plus DS injection is a suitable strategy for improving intestinal parameters in gosling during post-hatching periods.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amnion; Animals; Chickens; Disaccharides; Geese; Glycogen; Intestine, Small; Jejunum; Liver Glycogen; Maltose; Methionine; Ovum; Pectoralis Muscles; Racemethionine; Sodium Chloride; Sucrase; Sucrose
PubMed: 35986947
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101867 -
Jornal de Pediatria 2019This narrative review aimed to provide practitioners a synthesis of the current knowledge on the role of a low Fermentable Oligosaccharides Disaccharides Monosaccharides... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This narrative review aimed to provide practitioners a synthesis of the current knowledge on the role of a low Fermentable Oligosaccharides Disaccharides Monosaccharides and Polyols diet in reducing symptoms associated with functional abdominal pain disorders in children. This review is focused on the pathophysiology, efficacy and criticism of low Fermentable Oligosaccharides Disaccharides Monosaccharides and Polyols diet in children.
SOURCES
Cochrane Database, Pubmed and Embase were searched using specific terms for Fermentable Oligosaccharides Disaccharides Monosaccharides and Polyols diet interventions and functional abdominal pain disorders.
SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS
In children, only one Randomized Control Trial and one open-label study reported positive results of low Fermentable Oligosaccharides Disaccharides Monosaccharides and Polyols diet; one Randomized Control Trial showed exacerbation of symptoms with fructans in children with Irritable Bowel Syndrome; no effect was found for the lactose-free diet whilst fructose-restricted diets were effective in 5/6 studies.
CONCLUSIONS
In children there are few trials evaluating low Fermentable Oligosaccharides Disaccharides Monosaccharides and Polyols in functional abdominal pain disorders, with encouraging data on the therapeutic efficacy particularly of fructose-restricted diet. Additional efforts are still needed to fill this research gap and clarify the most efficient way for tailoring dietary restrictions based on the patient's tolerance and/or identification of potential biomarkers of low Fermentable Oligosaccharides Disaccharides Monosaccharides and Polyols efficacy, to maintain nutritional adequacy and to simplify the adherence to diet by labeling Fermentable Oligosaccharides Disaccharides Monosaccharides and Polyols content in commercial products.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Diet; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Disaccharides; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Monosaccharides; Oligosaccharides
PubMed: 31028745
DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2019.03.004 -
Journal of Plant Physiology Mar 2024Sugar homeostasis is a critical feature of biological systems. In humans, raised and dysregulated blood sugar is a serious health issue. In plants, directed changes in... (Review)
Review
Sugar homeostasis is a critical feature of biological systems. In humans, raised and dysregulated blood sugar is a serious health issue. In plants, directed changes in sucrose homeostasis and allocation represent opportunities in crop improvement. Plant tissue sucrose varies more than blood glucose and is found at higher concentrations (cytosol and phloem ca. 100 mM v 3.9-6.9 mM for blood glucose). Tissue sucrose varies with developmental stage and environment, but cytosol and phloem exhibit tight sucrose control. Sucrose homeostasis is a consequence of the integration of photosynthesis, synthesis of storage end-products such as starch, transport of sucrose to sinks and sink metabolism. Trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P)-SnRK1 and TOR play central, still emerging roles in regulating and coordinating these processes. Overall, tissue sucrose levels are more strongly related to growth than to photosynthesis. As a key sucrose signal, T6P regulates sucrose levels, transport and metabolic pathways to coordinate source and sink at a whole plant level. Emerging evidence shows that T6P interacts with meristems. With careful targeting, T6P manipulation through exploiting natural variation, chemical intervention and genetic modification is delivering benefits for crop yields. Regulation of cereal grain set, filling and retention may be the most strategically important aspect of sucrose allocation and homeostasis for food security.
Topics: Humans; Sucrose; Blood Glucose; Sugar Phosphates; Plants; Photosynthesis; Trehalose; Homeostasis
PubMed: 38295650
DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154188 -
Bioconjugate Chemistry Jun 2022Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) hold great promise for targeted cancer cell killing. Site-specific antibody-drug conjugation is highly desirable for synthesizing...
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) hold great promise for targeted cancer cell killing. Site-specific antibody-drug conjugation is highly desirable for synthesizing homogeneous ADCs with optimal safety profiles and high efficacy. We have recently reported that azide-functionalized disaccharide oxazolines of the Man1,4GlcNAc core were an efficient substrate of wild-type endoglycosidase Endo-S2 for Fc glycan remodeling and conjugation. In this paper, we report the synthesis and evaluation of new disaccharide oxazolines as enzyme substrates for examining the scope of the site-specific conjugation. Thus, azide-functionalized disaccharide oxazolines derived from Man1,4GlcNAc, Glc1,4GlcNAc, and Gal1,4GlcNAc (LacNAc) were synthesized. Enzymatic evaluation revealed that wild-type Endo-S2 demonstrated highly relaxed substrate specificity and could accommodate all the three types of disaccharide derivatives for transglycosylation to provide site-specific azide-tagged antibodies, which were readily clicked with a payload to generate homogeneous ADCs. Moreover, we also found that Endo-S2 was able to accommodate drug-preloaded minimal disaccharide oxazolines as donor substrates for efficient glycan transfer, enabling a single-step and site-specific antibody-drug conjugation without the need of an antibody click reaction. The ability of Endo-S2 to accommodate simpler and more easily synthesized disaccharide oxazoline derivatives for Fc glycan remodeling further expanded the scope of this bioconjugation method for constructing homogeneous antibody-drug conjugates in a single-step manner. Finally, cell-based assays indicated that the synthetic homogeneous ADCs demonstrated potent targeted cancer cell killing.
Topics: Antibodies; Azides; Disaccharides; Immunoconjugates; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 35543724
DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00142 -
Biotechnology Advances Nov 2021Cellulose-based materials are produced industrially in countless varieties via top-down processing of natural lignocellulose substrates. By contrast, cellulosic... (Review)
Review
Cellulose-based materials are produced industrially in countless varieties via top-down processing of natural lignocellulose substrates. By contrast, cellulosic materials are only rarely prepared via bottom up synthesis and oligomerization-induced self-assembly of cellulose chains. Building up a cellulose chain via precision polymerization is promising, however, for it offers tunability and control of the final chemical structure. Synthetic cellulose derivatives with programmable material properties might thus be obtained. Cellodextrin phosphorylase (CdP; EC 2.4.1.49) catalyzes iterative β-1,4-glycosylation from α-d-glucose 1-phosphate, with the ability to elongate a diversity of acceptor substrates, including cellobiose, d-glucose and a range of synthetic glycosides having non-sugar aglycons. Depending on the reaction conditions leading to different degrees of polymerization (DP), short-chain soluble cello-oligosaccharides (COS) or insoluble cellulosic materials are formed. Here, we review the characteristics of CdP as bio-catalyst for synthetic applications and show advances in the enzymatic production of COS and reducing end-modified, tailored cellulose materials. Recent studies reveal COS as interesting dietary fibers that could provide a selective prebiotic effect. The bottom-up synthesized celluloses involve chains of DP ≥ 9, as precipitated in solution, and they form ~5 nm thick sheet-like crystalline structures of cellulose allomorph II. Solvent conditions and aglycon structures can direct the cellulose chain self-assembly towards a range of material architectures, including hierarchically organized networks of nanoribbons, or nanorods as well as distorted nanosheets. Composite materials are also formed. The resulting materials can be useful as property-tunable hydrogels and feature site-specific introduction of functional and chemically reactive groups. Therefore, COS and cellulose obtained via bottom-up synthesis can expand cellulose applications towards product classes that are difficult to access via top-down processing of natural materials.
Topics: Catalysis; Cellobiose; Cellulose; Oligosaccharides; Phosphorylases
PubMed: 32966861
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107633 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Nov 2022
Topics: Sugars; Pollen; Biological Transport; Sucrose
PubMed: 36343263
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216610119