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Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences Aug 2022Mental health stigma and discrimination are global problems, and their reduction is recognised as an important public health priority. Involving celebrities in stigma...
Mental health stigma and discrimination are global problems, and their reduction is recognised as an important public health priority. Involving celebrities in stigma reduction is increasingly common. This Editorial considers the impact of celebrity disclosure on mental health-related stigma; that is, whether and how a famous person openly speaking about their experience of mental health conditions can reduce stigma. Potential explanations for how celebrity mental health disclosures can influence mental health-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours are outlined, followed by an overview of evidence on how celebrity disclosure operates to reduce stigma. Considering the available evidence, we provide a number of conclusions and recommendations for how celebrities can effectively be involved in anti-stigma efforts, and what considerations this requires. It is fair to say that celebrity disclosures can support stigma-reduction efforts through increasing the public's awareness of mental health, modelling behaviour and generating openness on speaking about mental health problems, and on seeking help when needed. However, whether celebrity disclosure achieves changes in mental health stigma-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours depends on the extent to which there is a match between the attributes of the famous person, the content shared in their disclosure narrative and the intended audience of the message. Further research is needed on all these questions to better understand how to successfully utilise the potentially huge power of celebrity disclosure in large-scale anti-stigma efforts.
Topics: Disclosure; Famous Persons; Humans; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Social Stigma
PubMed: 36039976
DOI: 10.1017/S2045796022000488 -
British Medical Bulletin Jun 2024a sizable proportion of the working population has a disability that is not visible. Many choose not to disclose this at work, particularly in educational workplaces... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
a sizable proportion of the working population has a disability that is not visible. Many choose not to disclose this at work, particularly in educational workplaces where disability is underrepresented. A better understanding of the barriers and facilitators to disclosure is needed.
SOURCES OF DATA
this scoping review is based on studies published in scientific journals.
AREAS OF AGREEMENT
the reasons underpinning disclosure are complex and emotive-in-nature. Both individual and socio-environmental factors influence this decision and process. Stigma and perceived discrimination are key barriers to disclosure and, conversely, personal agency a key enabler.
AREAS OF CONTROVERSY
there is a growing trend of non-visible disabilities within the workplace, largely because of the increasing prevalence of mental ill health. Understanding the barriers and facilitators to disability disclosure is key to the provision of appropriate workplace support.
GROWING POINTS
our review shows that both individual and socio-environmental factors influence choice and experience of disclosure of non-visible disabilities in educational workplaces. Ongoing stigma and ableism in the workplace, in particular, strongly influence disabled employees' decision to disclose (or not), to whom, how and when.
AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH
developing workplace interventions that can support employees with non-visible disabilities and key stakeholders during and beyond reasonable adjustments is imperative.
Topics: Humans; Workplace; Disabled Persons; Social Stigma; Disclosure
PubMed: 38437453
DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldae004 -
Trauma, Violence & Abuse Jul 2024Theory and research on disclosure of interpersonal victimization, including intimate partner violence, sexual assault, and child abuse, has produced rich scholarship... (Review)
Review
Theory and research on disclosure of interpersonal victimization, including intimate partner violence, sexual assault, and child abuse, has produced rich scholarship promoting a greater understanding of the challenges and implications of disclosure for survivors. However, in the last decade, social media platforms have opened new online disclosure opportunities that diverge from and overlap with offline disclosure. This highlights the need for adaptation and elaboration of theorizing in this growing area of study. Thus, the study aimed to systematically review the studies published in scientific literature. The following databases were accessed Criminal Justice Abstracts, Medline PsychInfo, Social Work Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, Web of Science database, and Google Scholar. Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria of peer-reviewed status and focused on the disclosure process. A thematic analysis revealed that online disclosure of interpersonal victimization is a multi-phase (decision-making and disclosure aftermath) and multifactorial (individual, interpersonal, social, and technological) experience for survivors. Specifically, survivors' motivation was related to therapeutic goals, social support, and a desire to advocate for social change. Survivors faced numerous facilitators (e.g., inspiration from other online disclosures) and barriers (e.g., fear of triggering other survivors) to disclosure. The impact of online disclosure was divided into benefits (e.g., empowerment) and risks (e.g., undermining survivors' security). The conceptual and empirical limitations of the current research are discussed, including a need for quantitative methods with larger samples and longitudinal designs to better understand how survivors can best benefit from processes of online disclosure, while avoiding harm or re-traumatization.
Topics: Humans; Crime Victims; Interpersonal Relations; Female; Intimate Partner Violence; Disclosure; Male; Social Media; Social Support; Survivors; Self Disclosure
PubMed: 37902593
DOI: 10.1177/15248380231204886 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2023in Africa, the proportion of minors with AIDS is ever increasing and adherence to treatment protocols is still suboptimal. The study investigated the conditions of HIV...
INTRODUCTION
in Africa, the proportion of minors with AIDS is ever increasing and adherence to treatment protocols is still suboptimal. The study investigated the conditions of HIV status disclosure and adherence to treatment in patients < 19 in two West African cities.
METHODS
in 2016, thirteen health professionals and four parents filled out questionnaires to identify problems and solutions relative to disclosure of HIV status and adherence to treatment in 208 children and adolescents seen at University Hospitals in Abidjan (Ivory Coast) and Lomé (Togo).
RESULTS
medians (extrema) of patients´ ages at start and end of status disclosure process were 10 (8-13) and 15 (13-17.5) years. In 61% of cases, disclosure was made individually after preparation sessions. The main difficulties were: parents´ disapproval, skipped visits, and rarity of psychologists. The solutions proposed were: recruiting more full-time psychologists, improving personnel training, and promoting patients´ "clubs". One out of three respondents was not satisfied with patients´ adherence to treatments. The major reasons were: intake frequencies, frequent omissions, school constraints, adverse effects, and lack of perceived effect. Nevertheless, 94% of the respondents confirmed the existence of support groups, interviews with psychologists, and home visits. To improve adherence, the respondents proposed increasing the number of support groups, sustaining reminder phone calls and home visits, and supporting therapeutic mentoring.
CONCLUSION
despite persisting disclosure and adherence problems, appropriate measures already put into practice still need to be taken further, especially through engaging psychologists, training counsellors, and promoting therapeutic support groups.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Disclosure; Cote d'Ivoire; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Medication Adherence; HIV Infections; Truth Disclosure
PubMed: 37426461
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.45.13.26795 -
Academic Emergency Medicine : Official... Oct 2021Exception from informed consent (EFIC) regulations for research in emergency settings contain unique requirements for community consultation and public disclosure. These... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Exception from informed consent (EFIC) regulations for research in emergency settings contain unique requirements for community consultation and public disclosure. These requirements address ethical challenges intrinsic to this research context. Multiple approaches have evolved to accomplish these activities that may reflect and advance different aims. This scoping review was designed to identify areas of consensus and lingering uncertainty in the literature.
METHODS
Scoping review methodology was used. Conceptual and empirical literature related to community consultation and public disclosure for EFIC research was included and identified through a structured search using Embase, HEIN Online, PubMed, and Web of Science. Data were extracted using a standardized tool with domains for major literature categories.
RESULTS
Among 84 manuscripts, major domains included conceptual or policy issues, reports of community consultation processes and results, and reports of public disclosure processes and results. Areas of consensus related to community consultation included the need for a two-way exchange of information and use of multiple methods. Public acceptance of personal EFIC enrollment is commonly 64% to 85%. There is less consensus regarding how to assess attitudes, what "communities" to prioritize, and how to determine adequacy for individual projects. Core goals of public disclosure are less well developed; no metrics exist for assessing adequacy.
CONCLUSIONS
Multiple methods are used to meet community consultation and public disclosure requirements. There remain no settled norms for assessing adequacy of public disclosure, and there is lingering debate about needed breadth and depth of community consultation.
Topics: Disclosure; Emergencies; Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Informed Consent; Referral and Consultation
PubMed: 33872426
DOI: 10.1111/acem.14264 -
Clinical Nursing Research Jul 2021Although parental HIV disclosure has benefits for parents and children, the disclosure rate among parents remains low. This study aims to qualitatively examine parental... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Although parental HIV disclosure has benefits for parents and children, the disclosure rate among parents remains low. This study aims to qualitatively examine parental concerns regarding disclosure of their HIV status to their children. Eighty parents were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of a three-session disclosure-support intervention, with forty receiving the intervention and forty receiving treatment as usual. Intervention sessions were audio recorded, and transcriptions were qualitatively coded for content related to concerns of disclosure. Four themes emerged: Intention to disclose, disclosure approach, indicators for disclosure, and fears about disclosure. These themes reveal struggles that parents experience when considering HIV disclosure suggesting that an effective disclosure intervention must help parents assess pros and cons, discuss the emotions of the children after the disclosure, and monitor the impact on children's lives after disclosure over time. Future research is needed to implement interventions supporting HIV-positive parents' disclosure decision-making and actions.
Topics: Child; China; HIV Infections; Humans; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Truth Disclosure
PubMed: 32567340
DOI: 10.1177/1054773820932725 -
International Journal of Population... 2022Use of administrative data for research and for planning services has increased over recent decades due to the value of the large, rich information available. However,...
Use of administrative data for research and for planning services has increased over recent decades due to the value of the large, rich information available. However, concerns about the release of sensitive or personal data and the associated disclosure risk can lead to lengthy approval processes and restricted data access. This can delay or prevent the production of timely evidence. A promising solution to facilitate more efficient data access is to create synthetic versions of the original datasets which are less likely to hold confidential information and can minimise disclosure risk. Such data may be used as an interim solution, allowing researchers to develop their analysis plans on non-disclosive data, whilst waiting for access to the real data. We aim to provide an overview of the background and uses of synthetic data and describe common methods used to generate synthetic data in the context of UK administrative research. We propose a simplified terminology for categories of synthetic data (univariate, multivariate, and complex modality synthetic data) as well as a more comprehensive description of the terminology used in the existing literature and illustrate challenges and future directions for research.
Topics: Humans; Disclosure; Research Personnel
PubMed: 37650026
DOI: 10.23889/ijpds.v7i1.1727 -
BMJ Open Jan 2021To examine how often study funding and author conflicts of interest are stated in science and health press releases and in corresponding news; and whether disclosure in...
OBJECTIVES
To examine how often study funding and author conflicts of interest are stated in science and health press releases and in corresponding news; and whether disclosure in press releases is associated with disclosure in news. Second, to specifically examine disclosure rates in industry-funded studies.
DESIGN
Retrospective content analysis with two cohorts.
SETTING
Press releases about health, psychology or neuroscience research from research universities and journals from 2011 (n=996) and 2015 (n=254) and their associated news stories (n=1250 and 578).
PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE
Mention of study funding and author conflicts of interest.
RESULTS
In our 2011 cohort, funding was reported in 94% (934/996) of journal articles, 29% (284/996) of press releases and 9% (112/1250) of news. The corresponding figures for 2015 were: 84% (214/254), 52% (131/254) and 10% (58/578). A similar pattern was seen for the industry funding subset. If the press release reported study funding, news was more likely to: 22% if in the press release versus 7% if not in the press release (2011), relative risk (RR) 3.1 (95% CI 2.1 to 4.3); for 2015, corresponding figures were 16% versus 2%, RR 6.8 (95% CI 2.2 to 17). In journal articles, 27% and 22% reported a conflict of interest, while less than 2% of press releases or news ever mentioned these.
CONCLUSIONS
Press releases and associated news did not frequently state funding sources or conflicts of interest. Funding information in press releases was associated with such information in news. Given converging evidence that news draws on press release content, including statements of funding and conflicts of interest in press releases may lead to increased reporting in news.
Topics: Conflict of Interest; Disclosure; Humans; Mass Media; Retrospective Studies; Universities
PubMed: 33419908
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041385 -
Atencion Primaria May 2021
Topics: Biomedical Research; COVID-19; Disclosure; Humans; Publishing; Uncertainty
PubMed: 33756259
DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2021.102015 -
Journal of Public Health (Oxford,... Apr 2021COVID-19 that developed in late 2019 and 2020 is a severe threat to human health. The tragedy of Dr Li Wenliang, the whistleblower, revealed a current status of doctors'...
COVID-19 that developed in late 2019 and 2020 is a severe threat to human health. The tragedy of Dr Li Wenliang, the whistleblower, revealed a current status of doctors' insufficient power of disclosure. Therefore, prompt and effective actions warrant to be taken by the government and public to improve Chinese doctors' power of disclosure. A medical system based on the improved doctors' power of disclosure is beneficial to disease prevention in an extended period.
Topics: COVID-19; China; Disclosure; Humans; Physician's Role; Physicians; Whistleblowing
PubMed: 32618328
DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa090