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Frontiers in Immunology 2021
Topics: Africa; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Noncommunicable Diseases; Public Health Surveillance
PubMed: 35087535
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.816257 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020
Topics: Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Sepsis
PubMed: 32655563
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01263 -
Gut Microbes 2021Viral infections are often studied in model mammalian organisms under specific pathogen-free conditions. However, in nature, coinfections are common, and infection with... (Review)
Review
Viral infections are often studied in model mammalian organisms under specific pathogen-free conditions. However, in nature, coinfections are common, and infection with one organism can alter host susceptibility to infection with another. Helminth parasites share a long coevolutionary history with mammalian hosts and have shaped host physiology, metabolism, immunity, and the composition of the microbiome. Published studies suggest that helminth infection can either be beneficial or detrimental during viral infection. Here, we discuss coinfection studies in mouse models and use them to define key determinants that impact outcomes, including the type of antiviral immunity, the tissue tropism of both the helminth and the virus, and the timing of viral infection in relation to the helminth lifecycle. We also explore the current mechanistic understanding of how helminth-virus coinfection impacts host immunity and viral pathogenesis. While much attention has been placed on the impact of the gut bacterial microbiome on immunity to infection, we suggest that enteric helminths, as a part of the eukaryotic macrobiome, also represent an important modulator of disease pathogenesis and severity following virus infection.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Coinfection; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Susceptibility; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Helminthiasis; Helminths; Humans; Mice; Viral Tropism; Virus Diseases; Viruses
PubMed: 34428107
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1961202 -
Pediatric Blood & Cancer Aug 2021We surveyed published papers and an international sickle cell disease (SCD) registry to detect susceptibility and clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)... (Review)
Review
We surveyed published papers and an international sickle cell disease (SCD) registry to detect susceptibility and clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in SCD patients. COVID-19 presentation was mild in children and moderate in many SCD adults. Regarding increased comorbidities with age, it seems severe COVID-19 to be more common in older SCD patients. Although the overall outcome of COVID-19 was favorable in SCD children, a high rate of pediatric intensive care unit admission should be considered in managing these patients. To explain COVID-19 outcome in SCD patients, the possible benefits of hydroxyurea therapy could be considered. The obtained results should be interpreted, considering low cases from sub-Saharan people, younger age of SCD patients compared to general population, a bias toward registry of the more severe form of disease, the effect of pre-existing comorbidities with multisystem organ damage, and the role of health socio-economic determinants.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Anemia, Sickle Cell; COVID-19; Child; Disease Susceptibility; Female; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 34061431
DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29075 -
Current Environmental Health Reports Sep 2020This review aims to explore how circadian rhythms influence disease susceptibility and potentially modify the effect of environmental exposures. We aimed to identify... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review aims to explore how circadian rhythms influence disease susceptibility and potentially modify the effect of environmental exposures. We aimed to identify biomarkers commonly used in environmental health research that have also been the subject of chronobiology studies, in order to review circadian rhythms of relevance to environmental health and determine if time-of-day is an important factor to consider in environmental health studies. Moreover, we discuss opportunities for studying how environmental exposures may interact with circadian rhythms to structure disease pathology and etiology.
RECENT FINDINGS
In recent years, the study of circadian rhythms in mammals has flourished. Animal models revealed that all body tissues have circadian rhythms. In humans, circadian rhythms were also shown to exist at multiple levels of organization: molecular, cellular, and physiological processes, including responding to oxidative stress, cell trafficking, and sex hormone production, respectively. Together, these rhythms are an essential component of human physiology and can shape an individual's susceptibility and response to disease. Circadian rhythms are relatively unexplored in environmental health research. However, circadian clocks control many physiological and behavioral processes that impact exposure pathways and disease systems. We believe this review will motivate new studies of (i) the impact of exposures on circadian rhythms, (ii) how circadian rhythms modify the effect of environmental exposures, and (iii) how time-of-day impacts our ability to observe the body's response to exposure.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Circadian Rhythm; Disease Susceptibility; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Health; Humans; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 32662059
DOI: 10.1007/s40572-020-00285-2 -
Current Opinion in Immunology Oct 2021Live attenuated viral vaccines (LAV) have saved millions of lives globally through their capacity to elicit strong, cross-reactive and enduring adaptive immune... (Review)
Review
Live attenuated viral vaccines (LAV) have saved millions of lives globally through their capacity to elicit strong, cross-reactive and enduring adaptive immune responses. However, LAV can also act as a Trojan horse to reveal inborn errors of immunity, thereby highlighting important protective elements of the healthy antiviral immune response. In the following article, we draw out these lessons by reviewing the spectrum of LAV-associated disease reported in a variety of inborn errors of immunity. We note the contrast between adaptive disorders, which predispose to both LAV and their wild type counterparts, and defects of innate immunity in which parenterally delivered LAV behave in a particularly threatening manner. Recognition of the underlying pathomechanisms can inform our approach to disease management and vaccination in a wider group of individuals, including those receiving immunomodulators that impact the relevant pathways.
Topics: Animals; Disease Susceptibility; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immunity; Species Specificity; Vaccination; Vaccines, Attenuated; Viral Vaccines
PubMed: 34107321
DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.05.006 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021
Topics: Aging; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Autoimmunity; Cardiovascular Diseases; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Infections; Lymphocyte Activation; Risk; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 34249022
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.719517 -
Genes Feb 2023Networks-based approaches are often used to analyze gene expression data or protein-protein interactions but are not usually applied to study the relationships between... (Review)
Review
Networks-based approaches are often used to analyze gene expression data or protein-protein interactions but are not usually applied to study the relationships between different biomarkers. Given the clinical need for more comprehensive and integrative biomarkers that can help to identify personalized therapies, the integration of biomarkers of different natures is an emerging trend in the literature. Network analysis can be used to analyze the relationships between different features of a disease; nodes can be disease-related phenotypes, gene expression, mutational events, protein quantification, imaging-derived features and more. Since different biomarkers can exert causal effects between them, describing such interrelationships can be used to better understand the underlying mechanisms of complex diseases. Networks as biomarkers are not yet commonly used, despite being proven to lead to interesting results. Here, we discuss in which ways they have been used to provide novel insights into disease susceptibility, disease development and severity.
Topics: Humans; Biomarkers; Disease Susceptibility; Phenotype; Proteins
PubMed: 36833356
DOI: 10.3390/genes14020429 -
Molecular Cancer Nov 2019The aberrant appearance of DNA in the cytoplasm triggers the activation of cGAS-cGAMP-STING signaling and induces the production of type I interferons, which play... (Review)
Review
The aberrant appearance of DNA in the cytoplasm triggers the activation of cGAS-cGAMP-STING signaling and induces the production of type I interferons, which play critical roles in activating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Recently, numerous studies have shown that the activation of STING and the stimulation of type I IFN production are critical for the anticancer immune response. However, emerging evidence suggests that STING also regulates anticancer immunity in a type I IFN-independent manner. For instance, STING has been shown to induce cell death and facilitate the release of cancer cell antigens. Moreover, STING activation has been demonstrated to enhance cancer antigen presentation, contribute to the priming and activation of T cells, facilitate the trafficking and infiltration of T cells into tumors and promote the recognition and killing of cancer cells by T cells. In this review, we focus on STING and the cancer immune response, with particular attention to the roles of STING activation in the cancer-immunity cycle. Additionally, the negative effects of STING activation on the cancer immune response and non-immune roles of STING in cancer have also been discussed.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Neoplasm; Disease Susceptibility; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Immunomodulation; Immunotherapy; Interferon Type I; Membrane Proteins; Neoplasms; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 31679519
DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1087-y -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Disease Susceptibility; Epigenesis, Genetic; Gene Expression Regulation; Homeostasis; Humans; Immunity, Innate
PubMed: 34220871
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713758