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Environmental Health : a Global Access... Dec 2022Environmental health sciences have identified and characterized a range of environmental exposures and their associated risk for disease, as well as informed the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Environmental health sciences have identified and characterized a range of environmental exposures and their associated risk for disease, as well as informed the development of interventions, including recommendations, guidelines, and policies for mitigating exposure. However, these interventions only serve to mitigate exposures and prevent disease if they are effectively disseminated, adopted, implemented, and sustained.
MAIN BODY
Numerous studies have documented the enormous time lag between research and practice, noting that dissemination and implementation are not passive processes but rely on active and intentional strategies. Implementation science seeks to build the knowledge base for understanding strategies to effectively disseminate and implement evidence and evidence-based interventions, and thus, bridge the research-to-practice gap.
CONCLUSION
Environmental health researchers are well positioned to advance health promotion and disease prevention by incorporating implementation science into their work. This article describes the rationale for and key components of implementation science and articulates opportunities to build upon existing efforts to advance environmental health supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and National Institutes of Health broadly.
Topics: United States; Humans; Implementation Science; Environmental Health; Environmental Exposure; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (U.S.)
PubMed: 36564832
DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00933-0 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2023Recent studies uncovered that , a common, opportunistic bacterium in the oral cavity, is associated with a growing number of systemic diseases, ranging from colon cancer...
Recent studies uncovered that , a common, opportunistic bacterium in the oral cavity, is associated with a growing number of systemic diseases, ranging from colon cancer to Alzheimer's disease. However, the pathological mechanisms responsible for this association are still poorly understood. Here, we leverage recent technological advances to study the interactions between Fn and neutrophils. We show that Fn survives within human neutrophils after phagocytosis. Using in vitro microfluidic devices, we determine that human neutrophils can protect and transport Fn over large distances. Moreover, we validate these observations in vivo by showing that neutrophils disseminate Fn using a zebrafish model. Our data support the emerging hypothesis that bacterial dissemination by neutrophils is a mechanistic link between oral and systemic diseases. Furthermore, our results may ultimately lead to therapeutic approaches that target specific host-bacteria interactions, including the dissemination process.
PubMed: 37283724
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2217067 -
Revista de La Facultad de Ciencias... Sep 2023When we recognize the importance of disseminating scientific knowledge, we recognize not only the potential it can have in the hands of the scientific community, but...
When we recognize the importance of disseminating scientific knowledge, we recognize not only the potential it can have in the hands of the scientific community, but also in the hands of society as a whole. From this premise, we first reflect, hoping that such reflection will lead us to commit ourselves to make dissemination actions accessible and non-discriminatory. "Equal access to science is not only a social and ethical requirement for human development, but also a necessity to fully exploit the potential of scientific communities around the world and to guide scientific progress in a way that meets the needs of humanity".
PubMed: 37773336
DOI: 10.31053/1853.0605.v80.n3.42305 -
Cellular Microbiology Nov 2019Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a parasitic protist that can infect nearly all nucleated cell types and tissues of warm-blooded vertebrate hosts. T. gondii utilises a... (Review)
Review
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a parasitic protist that can infect nearly all nucleated cell types and tissues of warm-blooded vertebrate hosts. T. gondii utilises a unique form of gliding motility to cross cellular barriers, enter tissues, and penetrate host cells, thus enhancing spread within an infected host. However, T. gondii also disseminates by hijacking the migratory abilities of infected leukocytes. Traditionally, this process has been viewed as a route to cross biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier. Here, we review recent findings that challenge this view by showing that infection of monocytes downregulates the program of transendothelial migration. Instead, infection by T. gondii enhances Rho-dependent interstitial migration of monocytes and macrophages, which enhances dissemination within tissues. Collectively, the available evidence indicates that T. gondii parasites use multiple means to disseminate within the host, including enhanced motility in tissues and translocation across biological barriers.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Cell Movement; Central Nervous System Infections; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Integrins; Leukocytes; Macrophages; Monocytes; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis; Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration
PubMed: 31219666
DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13070 -
Digital Health 2023During the COVID-19 pandemic, frontline workers have taken to social media platforms to discuss a variety of issues that concern their personal and professional lives....
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE
During the COVID-19 pandemic, frontline workers have taken to social media platforms to discuss a variety of issues that concern their personal and professional lives. In particular, TikTok's increased prominence as a social media channel has proved significant for enhancing the public presence of healthcare workers and their ability to disseminate content to a wider audience. The ways that healthcare workers use TikTok draws attention to the type of health information disseminated to the public through social media platforms. This provides the public with succinct and often visually entertaining information that may not be otherwise distributed to them directly from elsewhere. This study also provides relevant insights into how social media-TikTok in particular-can be used as a tool for disseminating knowledge about COVID-19 related topics and combatting misinformation by using the credibility of frontline workers.
METHODS
This study collected a sample of over 2100 TikTok videos posted by healthcare workers that were coded according to the dominant overarching themes.
RESULTS
The themes that arose from this sample were: (1) healthcare workers' mental health and working conditions, (2) healthcare heroes/appreciation, (3) criticism against official authorities, (4) countering misinformation, (5) humor/satire, and (6) educational content.
CONCLUSION
Due to the rise in public appreciation for frontline workers, examining the effects of the pandemic through the eyes of frontline workers has drawn attention to their lived realities in various forms. This study provided some insight into how frontline workers use TikTok to disseminate information and education to the public, often relying on their perceived credibility.
PubMed: 36776404
DOI: 10.1177/20552076231152766 -
BMB Reports Jun 2024Cancer cells metastasize to distant organs by altering their characteristics within the tumor microenvironment (TME) to effectively overcome challenges during the... (Review)
Review
Cancer cells metastasize to distant organs by altering their characteristics within the tumor microenvironment (TME) to effectively overcome challenges during the multistep tumorigenesis. Plasticity endows cancer cell with the capacity to shift between different morphological states to invade, disseminate, and seed metastasis. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a theory derived from tissue biopsy, which explains the acquisition of EMT transcription factors (TFs) that convey mesenchymal features during cancer migration and invasion. On the other hand, adherent-to-suspension transition (AST) is an emerging theory derived from liquid biopsy, which describes the acquisition of hematopoietic features by AST-TFs that reprograms anchorage dependency during the dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The induction and plasticity of EMT and AST dynamically reprogram cell-cell interaction and cell-matrix interaction during cancer dissemination and colonization. Here, we review the mechanisms governing cellular plasticity of AST and EMT during the metastatic cascade and discuss therapeutic challenges posed by these two morphological adaptations to provide insights for establishing new therapeutic interventions. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(6): 273-280].
Topics: Humans; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Cell Plasticity; Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Neoplasm Metastasis; Transcription Factors; Animals; Neoplasm Invasiveness
PubMed: 38627950
DOI: No ID Found -
Asian Journal of Neurosurgery 2021The objective of this study was to provide an overview of acute disseminating encephalomyelitis, a potential and serious complication of COVID-19. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to provide an overview of acute disseminating encephalomyelitis, a potential and serious complication of COVID-19.
METHODS
Three primary databases were used, PubMed, LitCovid, and WHO. The final review articles reported acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in COVID-19-positive patients and were full-text, peer-reviewed articles. Articles which did not have patient data such as studies and articles with unclear inference were excluded.
RESULTS
Out of 21 cases of ADEM, the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 was confirmed in 18 and suspected in 3. Among the neurological symptoms, altered consciousness was most common (7/21), followed by anosmia (3), paraplegia (3/21), brain stem involvement (3/21), sphincter involvement (2/21), and quadriplegia (1/21). Raised inflammatory markers were most commonly seen in 9/17. Central nervous system imaging was abnormal in 19 cases and unavailable in 2 cases. Fifteen patients were treated with corticosteroids, 11 patients received intravenous immunoglobulin, while 3 patients received convalescent plasma. Two patients needed surgical intervention. Complications included seizures (1), acute kidney injury and septicemic shock (1), raised intracranial pressure (1), and supraventricular tachycardia secondary to hydroxychloroquine (1). One patient recovered completely and one had good recovery with mild deficits. Thirteen patients had incomplete recovery with residual neurological deficit while three patients died as the consequence of the disease.
CONCLUSION
The physicians and neurosurgeons should be diligent while treating the COVID-19 patients with neurological manifestations and include ADEM as a differential diagnosis and stress on early diagnosis and treatment to reduce mortality and achieve satisfactory clinical outcome.
PubMed: 34660355
DOI: 10.4103/ajns.AJNS_406_20 -
PLoS Computational Biology Apr 2020How we communicate research is changing because of new (especially digital) possibilities. This article sets out 10 easy steps researchers can take to disseminate their...
How we communicate research is changing because of new (especially digital) possibilities. This article sets out 10 easy steps researchers can take to disseminate their work in novel and engaging ways, and hence increase the impact of their research on science and society.
Topics: Humans; Information Dissemination; Online Social Networking; Research Personnel
PubMed: 32298255
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007704 -
Cancers Nov 2020Cancer immunotherapy has shifted the paradigm in cancer therapy by revitalizing immune responses against tumor cells. Specifically, in primary tumors cancer cells evolve... (Review)
Review
Cancer immunotherapy has shifted the paradigm in cancer therapy by revitalizing immune responses against tumor cells. Specifically, in primary tumors cancer cells evolve in an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which protects them from immune attack. However, during tumor progression, some cancer cells leave the protective tumor mass, disseminating and seeding secondary organs. These initial disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) should potentially be susceptible to recognition by the immune system in the new host tissues. Although Natural Killer or T cells eliminate some of these DTCs, a fraction escape anti-tumor immunity and survive, thus giving rise to metastatic colonization. How DTCs interact with immune cells and the underpinnings that regulate imperfect immune responses during tumor dissemination remain poorly understood. Uncovering such mechanisms of immune evasion may contribute to the development of immunotherapy specifically targeting DTCs. Here we review current knowledge about systemic and site-specific immune-cancer crosstalk in the early steps of metastasis formation. Moreover, we highlight how conventional cancer therapies can shape the pre-metastatic niche enabling immune escape of newly arrived DTCs.
PubMed: 33207601
DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113385 -
International Braz J Urol : Official... Jul 2020Never before in human history has it been possible to communicate so quickly during a pandemic, social media platforms have been a key piece for the dissemination of... (Review)
Review
Never before in human history has it been possible to communicate so quickly during a pandemic, social media platforms have been a key piece for the dissemination of information; however, there are multiple advantages and disadvantages that must be considered. Responsible use of these tools can help quickly disseminate important new information, relevant new scientific findings, share diagnostic, treatment, and follow-up protocols, as well as compare different approaches globally, removing geographic boundaries for the first time in history. In order to use these tools in a responsible and useful way, it is recommended to follow some basic guidelines when sharing information on social networks in the COVID-19 era. In this paper, we summarize the most relevant information on the influence, and advantages, and disadvantages of the use of social networks during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Consumer Health Information; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Information Dissemination; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Social Media
PubMed: 32550706
DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.S121