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Nutrients Oct 2022Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-omega-3 fatty acids with various functions-influence sleep in children and young adults. However, only limited... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-omega-3 fatty acids with various functions-influence sleep in children and young adults. However, only limited studies on their effects on sleep in middle- and old-aged adults have been reported. Therefore, we investigated the effects of DHA and EPA on sleep quality in subjects aged ≥ 45 years. We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel-grouped study, in which we randomly assigned 66 healthy Japanese males and females. Each individual received six 480 mg capsules containing 576 mg DHA and 284 mg EPA per day (DHA/EPA group, = 33), or corn oil (placebo group, = 33), for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, the Oguri-Shirakawa-Azumi sleep inventory MA version (OSA-MA) and the sleep state test were conducted. In the DHA/EPA group, factor III (frequent dreaming) scores among the OSA-MA scores were significantly improved compared to the placebo group. Additionally, sleep state tests revealed that sleep efficiency improved in the DHA/EPA group. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report that DHA/EPA improves sleep quality in middle- and old-aged individuals, even at doses lower than those administered in previous studies.
Topics: Aged; Capsules; Corn Oil; Dietary Supplements; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Double-Blind Method; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Sleep Quality; Thromboplastin
PubMed: 36235788
DOI: 10.3390/nu14194136 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that has a range of positive impacts on human health, including anti-inflammatory effects and inhibition of...
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that has a range of positive impacts on human health, including anti-inflammatory effects and inhibition of osteoclast formation G-protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). Orthodontic force was reported to induce tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression, which activates osteoclast differentiation during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of DHA on TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and OTM . We examined osteoclast formation and bone resorption within the calvaria of both wild-type (WT) and GPR120-deficient (GPR120-KO) mice injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), TNF-α, TNF-α and DHA, or DHA. DHA inhibited TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in WT mice but had no effect in GPR120-KO mice. OTM experiments were performed in mouse strains with or without regular injection of DHA, and the effects of DHA on osteoclast formation in the alveolar bones during OTM were examined. DHA also suppressed OTM in WT but not GPR120-KO mice. Our data showed that DHA suppresses TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption GPR120. TNF-α has considerable significance in OTM, and therefore, DHA may also inhibit TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in OTM.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Bone Resorption; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Osteoclasts; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Tooth Movement Techniques; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 36741381
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929690 -
Mediators of Inflammation 2020Acute inflammation has been described as a reactive dynamic process, promoted by the secretion of proinflammatory mediators, including lipid molecules like leukotrienes... (Review)
Review
Acute inflammation has been described as a reactive dynamic process, promoted by the secretion of proinflammatory mediators, including lipid molecules like leukotrienes and prostaglandins, and counterbalanced by proresolving mediators including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty-acid- (PUFA-) derived molecules. The switch from the initiation to the resolution phase of acute inflammatory response is crucial for tissue homeostasis, whereas the failure to resolve early inflammation by specialized proresolving mediators leads to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Among PUFA-derived proresolving mediators, different eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) derivatives have been described, namely, resolvins (resolution phase interaction products), which exert their anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory activities through specific G-protein-coupled receptors. In recent years, compelling evidence has shown that impairment of resolution of inflammation is a crucial pathogenic hallmark in different neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of resolvins in resolution of inflammation and highlights available evidence showing the neuroprotective potential of EPA- and DHA-derived resolvins (E-series and D-series resolvins, respectively) in neurodegenerative diseases.
Topics: Animals; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Humans; Inflammation; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
PubMed: 32308554
DOI: 10.1155/2020/3267172 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023lipoxygenase 12 (hALOX12) catalyzes the conversion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into mainly 14S-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (14S-H(p)DHA)....
lipoxygenase 12 (hALOX12) catalyzes the conversion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into mainly 14S-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (14S-H(p)DHA). This hydroperoxidation reaction is followed by an epoxidation and hydrolysis process that finally leads to maresin 1 (MaR1), a potent bioactive specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) in chronic inflammation resolution. By combining docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations, we have computed the potential energy profile of DHA hydroperoxidation in the active site of hALOX12. Our results describe the structural evolution of the molecular system at each step of this catalytic reaction pathway. Noteworthy, the required stereospecificity of the reaction leading to MaR1 is explained by the configurations adopted by DHA bound to hALOX12, along with the stereochemistry of the pentadienyl radical formed after the first step of the mechanism. In lipoxygenase 15 (pigALOX15-mini-LOX), our calculations suggest that 14S-H(p)DHA can be formed, but with a stereochemistry that is inadequate for MaR1 biosynthesis.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Inflammation; Lipoxygenase; Phagocytosis; Swine; Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase
PubMed: 37047037
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076064 -
Kidney360 Dec 2023Increased albuminuria on 5/6 nephrectomized rats, as reported earlier, is attenuated by arachidonic acid–containing and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)–containing diets....
KEY POINTS
Increased albuminuria on 5/6 nephrectomized rats, as reported earlier, is attenuated by arachidonic acid–containing and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)–containing diets. This study established that DHA affects both oxidative stress and fibrosis in the kidney. DHA suppressed the oxidative stress and fibrosis, hence suppressing the progression of renal failure.
BACKGROUND
Urinary albumin excretion gradually increases after nephrectomy, which eventually progresses toward renal failure. Our previous study had reported that arachidonic acid (ARA)–containing or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)–containing diet attenuates the increasing urinary albumin excretion. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ARA-containing or/and DHA-containing diets on oxidative stress and fibrosis that cause kidney injury in 5/6 nephrectomized rats.
METHODS
Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, ARA group, DHA group, and ARA+DHA group. Rats underwent 5/6 kidney removal and were fed ARA-containing or/and DHA-containing diet each five groups continuously for 4 weeks. We collected urine, plasma, and kidney samples 4 weeks after surgery and investigated the effects of ARA-containing and DHA-containing diets on oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in the kidney.
RESULTS
Urinary albumin excretion, indoxyl sulfate, reactive oxygen species, TNF- levels, and fibrosis in the kidney were all increased on nephrectomy; however, they were attenuated after feeding the rats with DHA-containing diet.
CONCLUSION
One possible mechanism of preventing chronic renal failure would be the suppression of indoxyl sulfate accumulation, oxidative stress, and kidney fibrosis arising due to nephrectomy. The results collectively suggested that DHA-containing diets can suppress the progression of renal failure.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Diet; Oxidative Stress; Fibrosis
PubMed: 37222582
DOI: 10.34067/KID.0000000000000152 -
Nutrition Reviews Mar 2022Choline and DHA are nutrients that, when provided during the first 1000 days from conception to age 2 years, may have beneficial effects on child neurodevelopment as... (Review)
Review
Choline and DHA are nutrients that, when provided during the first 1000 days from conception to age 2 years, may have beneficial effects on child neurodevelopment as well as related health factors, including birth outcomes and child growth, morbidity, and inflammation. Because these nutrients are found mainly in animal-source foods, they may be lacking in the diets of pregnant and lactating women and young children in low- and middle-income countries, potentially putting children at risk for suboptimal development and health. Prior reviews of these nutrients have mainly focused on studies from high-income countries. Here, a narrative review is presented of studies describing the pre- and postnatal roles of choline, docosahexaenoic acid, and a combination of the 2 nutrients on child neurodevelopment, birth outcomes, growth, morbidity, and inflammation in low- and middle-income countries. More studies are needed to understand the specific, long-term effects of perinatal choline and docosahexaenoic acid intake in various contexts.
Topics: Animals; Child; Child Health; Child, Preschool; Choline; Developing Countries; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Female; Humans; Lactation; Pregnancy
PubMed: 34338760
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab050 -
Nutrients Jul 2023Initial evidence indicates that preoperatively initiated administration of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) attenuates the postoperative inflammatory reaction. The effects of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
UNLABELLED
Initial evidence indicates that preoperatively initiated administration of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) attenuates the postoperative inflammatory reaction. The effects of immunonutrition containing omega-3 FAs, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on the inflammatory response to abdominal surgery continues to be unclear, although improved outcomes have been reported. Therefore, we determined the effectiveness of preoperatively initiated omega-3 FAs administration on postoperative inflammation defined as CRP (C-Reactive Protein), IL-6 (Interleukin 6), and WBC (White Blood Count) and potential effects on postoperative length of hospital stay (LOS) due to an improved inflammatory response.
METHODS
a literature search of Cochrane Library was conducted to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of preoperatively initiated omega-3 to standard care, placebo, or other immunonutrients excluding omega-3 FAs in patients undergoing abdominal surgery until the end of December 2022.
RESULTS
a total of 296 articles were found during the initial search. Thirteen RCTs involving 950 patients were identified that met the search criteria. These were successively analyzed and included in this meta-analysis. There was no significant difference between the groups with respect to inflammatory markers IL-6: -0.55 [-1.22; 0.12] = 0.10, CRP: -0.14 [-0.67; 0.40] = 0.55, WBC: -0.58 [-3.05; 1.89] 0.42, or hospital stay -0.5 [-1.43; 0.41] = 0.2.
CONCLUSION
although reduced inflammatory markers were observed, preoperative administration of omega-3 FAs immunonutrients had no significant effect on the postoperative inflammatory response in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries. Yet, results obtained from this study are inconclusive, likely attributed to the limited number of trials and patients included. Further studies are required to obtain a better educated verdict.
Topics: Humans; Interleukin-6; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Inflammation; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37571352
DOI: 10.3390/nu15153414 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Dec 2023Branched-long-chain monomethyl fatty acids (BLCFA) are consumed daily in significant amounts by humans in all stages of life. BLCFA are absorbed and metabolized in human... (Review)
Review
Branched-long-chain monomethyl fatty acids (BLCFA) are consumed daily in significant amounts by humans in all stages of life. BLCFA are absorbed and metabolized in human intestinal epithelial cells and are not only oxidized for energy. Thus far, BLCFA have been revealed to possess versatile beneficial bioactivities, including cytotoxicity to cancer cells, anti-inflammation, lipid-lowering, reducing the risk of metabolic disorders, maintaining normal β cell function and insulin sensitivity, regulation of development, and mitigating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, compared to other well-studied dietary fatty acids like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), BLCFA has received disproportionate attention despite their potential importance. Here we outlined the major food sources, estimated intake, absorption, and metabolism in human cells, and bioactive properties of BLCFA with a focus on the bioactive mechanisms to advocate for an increased commitment to BLCFA investigations. Humans were estimated to absorb 6-5000 mg of dietary BLCFA daily from fetus to adult. Notably, -15:0 inhibited the growth of prostate cancer, liver cancer and T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas in rodent models at the effective doses of 35-105 mg/kg/day, 70 mg/kg/day, and 70 mg/kg/day, respectively. Feeding formula prepared with 20% w/w BLCFA mixture to neonatal rats with enterocolitis mitigated the intestine inflammation. -15:0 at doses of 10, 40, and 80 mg/kg relieved brain ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. In the future, it is crucial to conduct research to establish the epidemiology of BLCFA intake and their impacts on health outcomes in humans as well as to fully uncover the underlying mechanisms for their bioactivities.
Topics: Male; Adult; Humans; Rats; Animals; Fatty Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Diet; Reperfusion Injury; Fatty Acids, Omega-3
PubMed: 37982580
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06300 -
Alzheimer's & Dementia : the Journal of... May 2024Fatty acids (FAs) are the building blocks of complex lipids and signaling compounds; the role of the lipidome fatty acid profile (LFA) in AD progression remains unclear.
INTRODUCTION
Fatty acids (FAs) are the building blocks of complex lipids and signaling compounds; the role of the lipidome fatty acid profile (LFA) in AD progression remains unclear.
METHODS
The LFA of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 289 participants (103 AD patients, 92 MCI patients, and 94 controls) was determined by GC-FID. The MCI subjects were followed up for 58 ± 12.5 months.
RESULTS
In controls, CSF has a more neuroprotective LFA than plasma. In CSF, a higher content of docosahexaenoic acid was associated with a reduced risk of MCI-to-AD progression. In plasma, higher oleic acid content was associated with lower risk of AD, MCI, and MCI-to-AD progression, whereas higher levels of vaccenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were associated with greater risk of AD and MCI, and higher rate of MCI-to-AD progression, respectively.
DISCUSSION
The circulating LFA is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of AD.
HIGHLIGHTS
The lipidome fatty acid profile in CSF and plasma was markedly different. Higher levels of vaccenic acid and lower levels of oleic acid in plasma were associated with greater risk of Alzheimer's disease. In plasma, higher levels of oleic acid were associated with a reduced risk of MCI-to-AD progression. Higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid in CSF were associated with a lower risk of MCI-to-AD progression. Higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid in plasma were associated with a greater rate of MCI-to-AD progression.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Male; Female; Fatty Acids; Aged; Lipidomics; Disease Progression; Cognitive Dysfunction; Biomarkers; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38534027
DOI: 10.1002/alz.13792 -
Nutrients Aug 2020One of the characteristic features of aging is the progressive loss of muscle mass, a nosological syndrome called sarcopenia. It is also a pathologic risk factor for... (Review)
Review
One of the characteristic features of aging is the progressive loss of muscle mass, a nosological syndrome called sarcopenia. It is also a pathologic risk factor for many clinically adverse outcomes in older adults. Therefore, delaying the loss of muscle mass, through either boosting muscle protein synthesis or slowing down muscle protein degradation using nutritional supplements could be a compelling strategy to address the needs of the world's aging population. Here, we review the recently identified properties of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). It was shown to delay muscle wasting by stimulating intermediate oxidative stress and inhibiting proteasomal degradation of muscle proteins. Both the ubiquitin-proteasome and the autophagy-lysosome systems are modulated by DHA. Collectively, growing evidence indicates that DHA is a potent pharmacological agent that could improve muscle homeostasis. Better understanding of cellular proteolytic systems associated with sarcopenia will allow us to identify novel therapeutic interventions, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, to treat this disease.
Topics: Aging; Autophagy; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Humans; Lysosomes; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; Sarcopenia; Ubiquitin
PubMed: 32859116
DOI: 10.3390/nu12092597