-
Nature Communications Aug 2021Pathology is practiced by visual inspection of histochemically stained tissue slides. While the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain is most commonly used, special stains...
Pathology is practiced by visual inspection of histochemically stained tissue slides. While the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain is most commonly used, special stains can provide additional contrast to different tissue components. Here, we demonstrate the utility of supervised learning-based computational stain transformation from H&E to special stains (Masson's Trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff and Jones silver stain) using kidney needle core biopsy tissue sections. Based on the evaluation by three renal pathologists, followed by adjudication by a fourth pathologist, we show that the generation of virtual special stains from existing H&E images improves the diagnosis of several non-neoplastic kidney diseases, sampled from 58 unique subjects (P = 0.0095). A second study found that the quality of the computationally generated special stains was statistically equivalent to those which were histochemically stained. This stain-to-stain transformation framework can improve preliminary diagnoses when additional special stains are needed, also providing significant savings in time and cost.
Topics: Algorithms; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle; Coloring Agents; Deep Learning; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Pathology, Clinical; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 34385460
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25221-2 -
Environmental Health : a Global Access... Apr 2022Concern that synthetic food dyes may impact behavior in children prompted a review by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). OEHHA... (Review)
Review
Concern that synthetic food dyes may impact behavior in children prompted a review by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). OEHHA conducted a systematic review of the epidemiologic research on synthetic food dyes and neurobehavioral outcomes in children with or without identified behavioral disorders (particularly attention and activity). We also conducted a search of the animal toxicology literature to identify studies of neurobehavioral effects in laboratory animals exposed to synthetic food dyes. Finally, we conducted a hazard characterization of the potential neurobehavioral impacts of food dye consumption. We identified 27 clinical trials of children exposed to synthetic food dyes in this review, of which 25 were challenge studies. All studies used a cross-over design and most were double blinded and the cross-over design was randomized. Sixteen (64%) out of 25 challenge studies identified some evidence of a positive association, and in 13 (52%) the association was statistically significant. These studies support a relationship between food dye exposure and adverse behavioral outcomes in children. Animal toxicology literature provides additional support for effects on behavior. Together, the human clinical trials and animal toxicology literature support an association between synthetic food dyes and behavioral impacts in children. The current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acceptable daily intakes are based on older studies that were not designed to assess the types of behavioral effects observed in children. For four dyes where adequate dose-response data from animal and human studies were available, comparisons of the effective doses in studies that measured behavioral or brain effects following exposure to synthetic food dyes indicate that the basis of the ADIs may not be adequate to protect neurobehavior in susceptible children. There is a need to re-evaluate exposure in children and for additional research to provide a more complete database for establishing ADIs protective of neurobehavioral effects.
Topics: Animals; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Brain; Coloring Agents; Food Coloring Agents; Humans
PubMed: 35484553
DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00849-9 -
Bioresource Technology Oct 2020Industrialization increases use of dyes due to its high demand in paper, cosmetic, textile, leather and food industries. This in turn would increase wastewater... (Review)
Review
Industrialization increases use of dyes due to its high demand in paper, cosmetic, textile, leather and food industries. This in turn would increase wastewater generation from dye industrial activities. Various dyes and its structural compounds present in dye industrial wastewater have harmful effects on plants, animals and humans. Synthetic dyes are more resistant than natural dyes to physical and chemical methods for remediation which makes them more difficult to get decolorize. Microbial degradation has been researched and reviewed largely for quicker dye degradation. Genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) play important role in achieving complete dye degradation. This paper provides scientific and technical information about dyes & dye intermediates and biodegradation of azo dye. It also compiles information about factors affecting dye(s) biodegradation, role of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in process of dye(s) degradation and perspectives in this field of research.
Topics: Animals; Azo Compounds; Biodegradation, Environmental; Coloring Agents; Humans; Textile Industry; Textiles; Wastewater
PubMed: 32665105
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123728 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2021Synthetic dyes have become an integral part of many industries such as textiles, tannin and even food and pharmaceuticals. Industrial dye effluents from various dye... (Review)
Review
Synthetic dyes have become an integral part of many industries such as textiles, tannin and even food and pharmaceuticals. Industrial dye effluents from various dye utilizing industries are considered harmful to the environment and human health due to their intense color, toxicity and carcinogenic nature. To mitigate environmental and public health related issues, different techniques of dye remediation have been widely investigated. However, efficient and cost-effective methods of dye removal have not been fully established yet. This paper highlights and presents a review of recent literature on the utilization of the most widely available biopolymers, specifically, cellulose, chitin and chitosan-based products for dye removal. The focus has been limited to the three most widely explored technologies: adsorption, advanced oxidation processes and membrane filtration. Due to their high efficiency in dye removal coupled with environmental benignity, scalability, low cost and non-toxicity, biopolymer-based dye removal technologies have the potential to become sustainable alternatives for the remediation of industrial dye effluents as well as contaminated water bodies.
Topics: Chitosan; Coloring Agents; Humans; Textile Industry; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34361855
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154697 -
Bioengineered Mar 2022Increased industrialization demand using synthetic dyes in the newspaper, cosmetics, textiles, food, and leather industries. As a consequence, harmful chemicals from dye... (Review)
Review
Increased industrialization demand using synthetic dyes in the newspaper, cosmetics, textiles, food, and leather industries. As a consequence, harmful chemicals from dye industries are released into water reservoirs with numerous structural components of synthetic dyes, which are hazardous to the ecosystem, plants and humans. The discharge of synthetic dye into various aquatic environments has a detrimental effect on the balance and integrity of ecological systems. Moreover, numerous inorganic dyes exhibit tolerance to degradation and repair by natural and conventional processes. So, the present condition requires the development of efficient and effective waste management systems that do not exacerbate environmental stress or endanger other living forms. Numerous biological systems, including microbes and plants, have been studied for their ability to metabolize dyestuffs. To minimize environmental impact, bioremediation uses endophytic bacteria, which are plant beneficial bacteria that dwell within plants and may improve plant development in both normal and stressful environments. Moreover, Phytoremediation is suitable for treating dye contaminants produced from a wide range of sources. This review article proves a comprehensive evaluation of the most frequently utilized plant and microbes as dye removal technologies from dye-containing industrial effluents. Furthermore, this study examines current existing technologies and proposes a more efficient, cost-effective method for dye removal and decolorization on a big scale. This study also aims to focus on advanced degradation techniques combined with biological approaches, well regarded as extremely effective treatments for recalcitrant wastewater, with the greatest industrial potential.
Topics: Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Coloring Agents; Ecosystem; Humans; Plants; Textiles; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 35294324
DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2049100 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Feb 2020Indigo is one of the oldest textile dyes and was originally prepared from plant material. Nowadays, indigo is chemically synthesized at a large scale to satisfy the... (Review)
Review
Indigo is one of the oldest textile dyes and was originally prepared from plant material. Nowadays, indigo is chemically synthesized at a large scale to satisfy the demand for dyeing jeans. The current indigo production processes are based on fossil feedstocks; therefore, it is highly attractive to develop a more sustainable and environmentally friendly biotechnological process for the production of this popular dye. In the past decades, a number of natural and engineered enzymes have been identified that can be used for the synthesis of indigo. This mini-review provides an overview of the various microbial enzymes which are able to produce indigo and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each biocatalytic system.
Topics: Bacteria; Biocatalysis; Biotechnology; Coloring Agents; Indigo Carmine; Oxygenases
PubMed: 31834440
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10292-5 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2021Betalains are water-soluble pigments present in vacuoles of plants of the order and in mushrooms of the genera , and . Betalamic acid is a constituent of all... (Review)
Review
Betalains are water-soluble pigments present in vacuoles of plants of the order and in mushrooms of the genera , and . Betalamic acid is a constituent of all betalains. The type of betalamic acid substituent determines the class of betalains. The betacyanins (reddish to violet) contain a cyclo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (cyclo-DOPA) residue while the betaxanthins (yellow to orange) contain different amino acid or amine residues. The most common betacyanin is betanin (Beetroot Red), present in red beets , which is a glucoside of betanidin. The structure of this comprehensive review is as follows: Occurrence of Betalains; Structure of Betalains; Spectroscopic and Fluorescent Properties; Stability; Antioxidant Activity; Bioavailability, Health Benefits; Betalains as Food Colorants; Food Safety of Betalains; Other Applications of Betalains; and Environmental Role and Fate of Betalains.
Topics: Antioxidants; Betalains; Biological Availability; Biological Products; Chemical Phenomena; Coloring Agents; Food Coloring Agents; Food Safety; Molecular Structure; Phytochemicals; Pigments, Biological; Spectrum Analysis; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 33925891
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092520 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2021Wastewater emissions from textile factories cause serious environmental problems. Manganese peroxidase (MnP) is an oxidoreductase with ligninolytic activity and is a... (Review)
Review
Wastewater emissions from textile factories cause serious environmental problems. Manganese peroxidase (MnP) is an oxidoreductase with ligninolytic activity and is a promising biocatalyst for the biodegradation of hazardous environmental contaminants, and especially for dye wastewater decolorization. This article first summarizes the origin, crystal structure, and catalytic cycle of MnP, and then reviews the recent literature on its application to dye wastewater decolorization. In addition, the application of new technologies such as enzyme immobilization and genetic engineering that could improve the stability, durability, adaptability, and operating costs of the enzyme are highlighted. Finally, we discuss and propose future strategies to improve the performance of MnP-assisted dye decolorization in industrial applications.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Catalysis; Coloring Agents; Enzymes, Immobilized; Peroxidases; Textiles; Wastewater
PubMed: 34361556
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154403 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Sep 2022In the last few decades, there has been a great demand for natural colorants. Synthetic colorants are known to be easy to produce, are less expensive, and remain stable... (Review)
Review
In the last few decades, there has been a great demand for natural colorants. Synthetic colorants are known to be easy to produce, are less expensive, and remain stable when subjected to chemical and physical factors. In addition, only small amounts are required to color any material, and unwanted flavors and aromas are not incorporated into the product. Natural colorants present in food, in addition to providing color, also have biological properties and effects that aid in the prevention and cure of many diseases. The main classes of colorants produced by phylum Ascomycota include polyketides and carotenoids. A promising producer of colorants should be able to assimilate a variety of sources of carbon and nitrogen and also exhibit relative stability. The strain should not be pathogenic, and its product should not be toxic. Production processes should also provide the expected color with a good yield through simple extraction methods. Research that seeks new sources of these compounds should continue to seek products of biotechnological origin in order to be competitive with products of synthetic and plant origin. In this review, we will focus on the recent studies on the main producing species, classes, and metabolic pathways of colorants produced by this phylum, historical background, impact of synthetic colorants on human health and the environment, social demand for natural colorants and also an in-depth approach to bioprocesses (influences on production, optimization of bioprocess, extraction, and identification), and limitations and perspectives for the use of fungal-based dyes.
Topics: Ascomycota; Biotechnology; Coloring Agents; Food Coloring Agents; Humans; Pigments, Biological
PubMed: 35616785
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00768-4 -
ELife Nov 2021A group leader decided that his lab would share the fluorescent dyes they create, for free and without authorship requirements. Nearly 12,000 aliquots later, he reveals...
A group leader decided that his lab would share the fluorescent dyes they create, for free and without authorship requirements. Nearly 12,000 aliquots later, he reveals what has happened since.
Topics: Coloring Agents; Laboratories; Laboratory Personnel
PubMed: 34739373
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.74981