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NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes Sep 2023Constipation and systemic inflammation are common in late pregnant and lactating sows, which cause health problems like uteritis, mastitis, dystocia, or even stillbirth,...
Constipation and systemic inflammation are common in late pregnant and lactating sows, which cause health problems like uteritis, mastitis, dystocia, or even stillbirth, further influencing piglets' survival and growth. Probiotic supplementation can improve such issues, but the beneficial mechanism of relieving constipation and enhancing gut motility remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of probiotic supplementation in drinking water to late pregnant sows on constipation, inflammation, and piglets' growth performance. Seventy-four sows were randomly allocated to probiotic (n = 36) and control (n = 38) groups. Probiotic treatment significantly relieved sow constipation, enhanced serum IL-4 and IL-10 levels while reducing serum IL-1β, IL-12p40, and TNF-α levels, and increased piglet daily gain and weaning weight. Furthermore, probiotic administration reshaped the sow gut bacteriome and phageome structure/diversity, accompanied by increases in some potentially beneficial bacteria. At 113 days of gestation, the probiotic group was enriched in several gut microbial bioactive metabolites, multiple carbohydrate-active enzymes that degrade pectin and starch, fecal butyrate and acetate, and some serum metabolites involved in vitamin and amino acid metabolism. Our integrated correlation network analysis revealed that the alleviation of constipation and inflammation was associated with changes in the sow gut bacteriome, phageome, bioactive metabolic potential, and metabolism.
Topics: Pregnancy; Animals; Female; Swine; Lactation; Inflammation; Butyrates; Constipation; Probiotics
PubMed: 37741814
DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00434-z -
Medicine Mar 2023This is the first review about obstetric involvement in mitochondrial disorders (MIDs). The purpose of the review was to discuss recent advances and knowledge about the... (Review)
Review
This is the first review about obstetric involvement in mitochondrial disorders (MIDs). The purpose of the review was to discuss recent advances and knowledge about the type and frequency of obstetric complications in MIDs. A narrative review for preferred reporting items was performed in MEDLINE, Current Contents, EMBASE, Web of Science, Web of Knowledge, LILACS, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. The author searched for studies examining obstetric complications in patients with a definite MID. Obstetric complications described in MIDs include eclampsia, preeclampsia, intra uterine growth retardation, polyhydramnion, oligoamnion, decreased fetal movements, premature delivery, stillbirth, blow weakness, dystocia, breech presentation, retained placenta, postnatal hemorrhage, low birth weight, and early postnatal death. The most common of these complications are polyhydramnion, stillbirth, premature delivery, and low birth weight. The data show that some obstetric complications are more common in MIDs than in healthy females. MIDs can be associated with various obstetric complications. Some of these complications are more common in pregnant females with MID compared with healthy pregnant females. Obstetricians should be aware of MIDs and should know that pregnant females with a MID have an increased risk of developing complications during pregnancy or delivery.
Topics: Pregnancy; Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Stillbirth; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Pre-Eclampsia; Premature Birth; Mitochondrial Diseases
PubMed: 36930069
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033336 -
Archives Animal Breeding 2022The losses of piglets in commercial pig farming remain at concerning levels and need to be addressed through the implementation of new sustainable breeding and... (Review)
Review
The losses of piglets in commercial pig farming remain at concerning levels and need to be addressed through the implementation of new sustainable breeding and management strategies. In fact, piglets are especially at risk in the first days of life. Both genetics and the farrowing process have been shown to impact piglet vitality. In addition, knowledge of the animal-intrinsic responses in adapting to extra-uterine life is particularly important but is scarcely described in the scientific literature. In this review, the three phases that constitute neonatal adaptation in the pig are systematically presented. The first phase of early adaptation involves primarily the development of cardiorespiratory function (within the first 10 min of life) as well as thermoregulatory processes and acid-base balance (up to 24 h of life). In the second phase, homeostasis is established, and organ maturation takes place (up to 14 d post natum). The final third phase aims at the development of neurological, immunological and muscular features (up to 28 d of life). The involvement of aggravating and ameliorating factors such as dystocia, low colostrum yield and heat supply is key to the development of strategies to reduce piglet losses and increase vitality. The insights are of particular value in addressing current concerns in pig farming and to further improve animal welfare in pig production across different management types.
PubMed: 36531120
DOI: 10.5194/aab-65-427-2022 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Mar 2021: Fetal overgrowth is related to many perinatal complications, including stillbirth, cesarean section, maternal and neonatal injuries, and shoulder dystocia. It is... (Review)
Review
: Fetal overgrowth is related to many perinatal complications, including stillbirth, cesarean section, maternal and neonatal injuries, and shoulder dystocia. It is related to maternal diabetes, obesity, and gestational weight gain but also happens in low-risk pregnancies. There is ongoing discussion regarding definitions, methods of detection, and classification. The method used for detection is crucial as it draws a line between those at risk and low-risk popula-tions. : For this narrative review, relevant evidence was identified through PubMed search with one of the general terms (macrosomia, large-for-gestational-age) combined with the outcome of interest. : This review summarizes evidence on the relation of fetal overgrowth with stillbirth, cesarean sections, shoulder dystocia, anal sphincter injury, and hem-orrhage. Customized growth charts help to detect mothers and fetuses at risk of those complica-tions. Relations between fetal overgrowth and diabetes, maternal weight, and gestational weight gain were investigated. : a substantial proportion of complications are an effect of the fetus growing above its potential and should be recognized as a new dangerous condition of Fetal Growth Acceleration.
Topics: Acceleration; Cesarean Section; Diabetes, Gestational; Dystocia; Female; Fetal Macrosomia; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy
PubMed: 33801377
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030228 -
American Journal of Obstetrics &... Jul 2021Although the neonatal morbidity associated with shoulder dystocia are well known, the maternal morbidity caused by this obstetrical emergency is infrequently reported. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Although the neonatal morbidity associated with shoulder dystocia are well known, the maternal morbidity caused by this obstetrical emergency is infrequently reported.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to assess the composite adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes among vaginal deliveries (at 34 weeks or later) with and without shoulder dystocia.
STUDY DESIGN
This is a secondary analysis of the Consortium of Safe Labor, an observational obstetrical cohort of all vaginal deliveries occurring at 19 hospitals (from 2002-2008) and for which data on the occurrence of shoulder dystocia were available. The composite adverse maternal outcome included third- or fourth-degree perineal laceration, postpartum hemorrhage (>500 cc blood loss for a vaginal delivery and >1000 cc blood loss for cesarean delivery), blood transfusion, chorioamnionitis, endometritis, thromboembolism, admission to intensive care unit, or maternal death. The composite adverse neonatal outcome included an Apgar score of <7 at 5 minutes, a birth injury, neonatal seizure, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, or neonatal death. A multivariable Poisson regression was used to estimate the adjusted relative risks with 95% confidence intervals. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to determine if clinical factors would identify shoulder dystocia.
RESULTS
Of the 228,438 women in the overall cohort, 130,008 (59.6%) met the inclusion criteria, and among them, shoulder dystocia was documented in 2159 (1.7%) cases. The rate of composite maternal morbidity was significantly higher among deliveries with shoulder dystocia (14.7%) than without (8.6%; adjusted relative risk, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.64-2.01). The most common maternal morbidity with shoulder dystocia was a third- or fourth-degree laceration (adjusted relative risk, 2.82; 95% confidence interval, 2.39-3.31). The risk of composite neonatal morbidity with shoulder dystocia (12.2%) was also significantly higher than without shoulder dystocia (2.4%) (adjusted relative risk, 5.18; 95% confidence interval, 4.60-5.84). The most common neonatal morbidity was birth injury (adjusted relative risk, 5.39; 95% confidence interval, 4.71-6.17). The area under the curve for maternal characteristics to identify shoulder dystocia was 0.66 and it was 0.67 for intrapartum factors.
CONCLUSION
Although shoulder dystocia is unpredictable, the associated morbidity affects both mothers and newborns. The focus should be on concurrently averting the composite morbidity for the maternal-neonatal dyad with shoulder dystocia.
Topics: Birth Injuries; Cesarean Section; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Pregnancy; Shoulder Dystocia
PubMed: 33757935
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100359 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Mar 2022Cats are common pets worldwide. Successful breeding of cats starts with the selection of suitable breeding animals, and care should be taken to avoid inbreeding. Keeping... (Review)
Review
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE
Cats are common pets worldwide. Successful breeding of cats starts with the selection of suitable breeding animals, and care should be taken to avoid inbreeding. Keeping cats in smaller groups reduces stress and facilitates management.
CLINICAL CHALLENGES
Breeding cats is challenging in many ways. Group housing is a common scenario, and care should be taken not to have groups that are too large, because of the risk of stress and infectious diseases. Feline pregnancy and parturition both vary in length, which is one reason why it may be challenging to diagnose dystocia. In queens with pyometra, a vaginal discharge may not be evident due to their meticulous cleaning habits.
AUDIENCE
This review is aimed at clinicians in small animal practice, especially those in contact with cat breeders.
PATIENT GROUP
Reproductive emergencies occur in both intentionally and unintentionally bred cats, and more often in young or middle-aged queens. Pyometra tends to be a disease of older queens.
EVIDENCE BASE
Evidence is poor for many conditions in the breeding queen, and information is extrapolated from the dog or based on case reports and case series.
Topics: Animals; Breeding; Cat Diseases; Cats; Communicable Diseases; Dystocia; Female; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pyometra; Reproduction
PubMed: 35209770
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X221079708 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2022Dystocia as a prolonged stage II parturition (>30 min) was associated with a higher risk of complications. The hypothesis of the study was that any type of dystocia...
Dystocia as a prolonged stage II parturition (>30 min) was associated with a higher risk of complications. The hypothesis of the study was that any type of dystocia could affect the foal’s health, even when the stage II was <30 min. Clinical reports on 222 Standardbred mares and their foals hospitalized at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Bologna from 2004 to 2020 were reviewed. Mares were divided into the Eutocia Group (165, eutocic delivery) and the Dystocia Group (57, dystocic delivery). The incidence of dystocia was 4.9%. Stage II was longer in the Dystocia Group (median 20 min) than in the Eutocia Group (median 12 min). All occurrences of dystocia were retrospectively classified into three categories of severity: mild, moderate and severe dystocia. The occurrence of postpartum complications in mares and neonatal diseases and failure of passive transfer of immunity in foals was higher in the Dystocia Group. Foal venous lactatemia and serum creatine kinase were significantly higher in the Dystocia Group (median 3.9 mmol/L; 262 UI/L respectively) than in the Eutocia Group (median 3.1 mmol/L; 187 UI/L respectively). The APGAR score was lower in the Dystocia Group (median 8) than in the Eutocia Group (median 10) and significantly lower in severe dystocia (median 3). The duration of stage II should not be considered the only parameter of dystocia in mares: even a rapid resolution of dystocia could pose health risks to the foal and the mare.
PubMed: 35739823
DOI: 10.3390/ani12121486 -
F1000Research 2021The United Nations estimates that the global population will total 9.7 billion in 2050. Rapid population growth pose a significant obstacle to achieving the Sustainable... (Review)
Review
The United Nations estimates that the global population will total 9.7 billion in 2050. Rapid population growth pose a significant obstacle to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly eradicating hunger and poverty. In view of the expanding population growth, food production ideally should triple to prevent massive food shortages. Sustainable food and nutrition security is the focal point of the dairy industry. Dairy production plays a pivotal role in addressing and advancing global food and nutrition security. It serves as a major source of protein, calcium, and phosphorus in many families in developing countries with a fast-growing population. Consequently, the dairy industry is expected to grow by approximately 26% in the next 10 years and produce an estimated 1077 million tonnes of milk by 2050. However, the growth and distribution of the dairy industry is limited by many factors such as culling and mortality of dairy cows. Several studies highlight reproduction failures, old age, poor milk yield, diseases (mastitis, lameness, and dystocia), and heat stress as some reasons for culling of dairy cows. Hence, this review highlights the factors influencing culling and mortality in dairy production farms, and discusses mitigating measures to limit culling.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dairying; Female; Lactation; Milk; Pregnancy; Reproduction
PubMed: 35966963
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.55519.2 -
Biotechnologia 2021(Benth) is a member of a diverse family of plants known as Marantaceae. Native to the tropical forest zones of West Africa, the plant is globally famous for its low... (Review)
Review
(Benth) is a member of a diverse family of plants known as Marantaceae. Native to the tropical forest zones of West Africa, the plant is globally famous for its low calorie, nondiabetic natural sweetener called thaumatin found in its aril. thrives in deep shade, and it is used locally as a taste modifier and for preparing fish traps, ornamental bags, and mats. Organs of the plant are used in folkloric medicine as a laxative and in treating ailments such as mental disorders, high blood sugar, and lung diseases. The seeds and leaf sap are potent as an antidote against snake venom and bee stings and for preventing dystocia and prolonged child labor. Proximate analysis, phytochemical screening, and gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry revealed that the plant contains proteins, important macro- and microelements (calcium, magnesium, zinc, sodium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, and manganese), and abundant active principles and compounds such as squalene tannin, alkaloids, saponins, epicatechin, steroids, phlobatannins, anthraquinones, terpenoids, spartein, ribalinidine, rutin, phytic acid, and kaempferol. Biological activities include hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, insecticidal, bioremediative, and antimicrobial activities. could be used in the formulation of food supplements and drug development.
PubMed: 36605714
DOI: 10.5114/bta.2021.103766