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Journal of B.U.ON. : Official Journal... 2020Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) demonstrates increasing rates worldwide due to viral-related (High Risk Human Papilloma Virus-HR HPV) persistent infection,... (Review)
Review
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) demonstrates increasing rates worldwide due to viral-related (High Risk Human Papilloma Virus-HR HPV) persistent infection, cigarette and alcohol consumptions. Gross chromosomal alterations and specific gene aberrations-such as amplifications, deletions, point mutations-combined or not with epigenetic changes are responsible for the progressive transformation of normal squamous epithelia to their malignant phenotype. Among oncogenes that are implicated in the development and progression of LSCC, mouse double minute 2 homolog / murine double minute 2 (mdm2) seems to be an interesting marker for the biological behavior of the malignancy. Mdm2 is a proto-oncogene (gene locus: 12q14.3), encodes for a nuclear-localized E3 ubiquitin ligase, and acts as a major negative regulator in p53-mdm2 auto-regulatory pathway. Mdm2 directly binds to p53 and represses its transcriptional activity and promotes p53 proteasomal degradation. Aberrant mdm2 overexpression is a frequent observation in breast carcinomas, whereas there are limited data regarding LSCC. In the current molecular review we explored the role and specific aspects of mdm2 gene in LSCC.
Topics: Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Oncogenes; Proto-Oncogene Mas; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
PubMed: 32521839
DOI: No ID Found -
Diagnostic Pathology Apr 2023Laryngeal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck, accounting for about 20%. Due to its high disability rate, the diagnosis and treatment... (Review)
Review
Laryngeal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck, accounting for about 20%. Due to its high disability rate, the diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal cancer have always been the focus and difficulty of head and neck surgery. The outcome of cancer is affected not only by tumor-related factors but also by host-related factors, especially systemic inflammation, this is usually reflected by a variety of hematological markers. Studies have confirmed that there is a significant correlation between hematological markers and the occurrence, development, and prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and has a certain value in auxiliary diagnosis and prognosis prediction of LSCC. We reviewed various hematological markers related to LSCC aim to summarize the role and research progress of hematological markers in LSCC.
Topics: Humans; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Prognosis
PubMed: 37081512
DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01335-7 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Nov 2023Pretherapeutic discussion in the head and neck tumor board (HNT) has been mandatory at the University Medical Center Freiburg since 01/2015, and it is intended to...
BACKGROUND
Pretherapeutic discussion in the head and neck tumor board (HNT) has been mandatory at the University Medical Center Freiburg since 01/2015, and it is intended to contribute to a survival benefit through interdisciplinary decision making. Prior to 2015, an optional HNT existed in which mainly advanced tumor stages were discussed. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a pretherapeutic HNT on treatment and survival in laryngeal cancer.
METHODS
A retrospective data analysis of 412 laryngeal carcinoma patients treated at the Head and Neck Cancer Center of the University Medical Center Freiburg between 01/2010 and 12/2020 was conducted. Differences regarding TNM status, UICC classification, tumor localization, gender and age at initial diagnosis, recurrence, secondary tumors, therapy, 5-year survival, and 5-year recurrence-free survival (5YSR/5Y-RFS) were assessed for therapy initiation with or without a pretherapeutic HNT.
RESULTS
In total, 314 patients underwent a pretherapeutic HNT, and 98 received therapy initiation without an HNT. The HNT group showed significantly more advanced T stages and UICC classifications ( < 0.001; = 0.003) and more frequent primary chemo/radiotherapy ( < 0.001). There was no significant difference regarding 5YSR (43 vs. 47 months, = 0.96) or 5Y-RFS (48 vs. 52 months, = 0.16). The time between initial diagnosis and therapy initiation was significantly longer when an HNT was performed (38 vs. 20 days, = 0.008).
CONCLUSIONS
The HNT group showed significantly more advanced tumor stages, suggesting that even before it became mandatory, it was frequently used for interdisciplinary case discussion in more complex cases. Due to the small number of T3/4 patients in the non-HNT group, a survival advantage of an HNT cannot be validly demonstrated in our study. However, the HNT led to broader patient counselling regarding their therapy options. At the same time, a significant delay in therapy initiation could be seen, suggesting that workflows between diagnosis, HNT presentation, and therapy initiation should be optimized.
Topics: Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Carcinoma
PubMed: 38132367
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30120733 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Sep 2021Laryngeal carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck. Researchers have refined the study of surgical margin in the anatomical subarea of...
BACKGROUND
Laryngeal carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck. Researchers have refined the study of surgical margin in the anatomical subarea of the larynx to determine the most appropriate distance of the surgical margin for laryngeal carcinoma, to achieve accurate resection of laryngeal carcinoma and to improve the possibility of retention of laryngeal function.
METHODS
A comprehensive review of the primary literature was performed from 2009 to 2019 utilizing keywords laryngeal carcinoma, surgical margin, molecular margin, and prognostic factor. Articles were included at the discretion of the authors based on novel and/or contributions to the literature.
RESULTS
The prognosis of laryngeal carcinoma significantly correlates with the status of surgical margins. Patients with positive surgical margins have higher recurrence and metastasis rates and worse prognosis. Patients with negative pathological surgical margin but with the expression or altered expression levels of one or more tumor-related molecular biomarkers had high rates of recurrence and metastasis, and poor prognosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Clinical intervention can improve the prognosis of patients with positive surgical margins. Patients with close margins should be followed closely. Among patients with negative surgical margins, patients with abnormal molecular margin results should be closely followed up. However, the specific selection of one or several molecular biomarkers as the detection index of molecular margin currently requires multicenter prospective or retrospective large sample study as guidance.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Laryngectomy; Margins of Excision; Prognosis
PubMed: 32242752
DOI: 10.1177/0145561320903146 -
Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021Laryngeal carcinoma (LC) is one of the common human cancer types. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were reported to be the essential regulators in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and...
Laryngeal carcinoma (LC) is one of the common human cancer types. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were reported to be the essential regulators in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. It was reported that miR-206 expression was reduced in various neoplastic diseases. However, the role and functional mechanism of miR-206 in LC progression remain unclear. In this research, miR-206 was found to be associated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) of miR-206 was 0.902 for diagnosis of LC and 0.854 for differential diagnosis of stage I-II and stage III-IV patients. Low expression of miR-206 was associated with poor prognosis of LC patients. miR-206 expression was an independent factor affecting the prognosis of LC patients, as revealed by the Cox regression analysis. experiments demonstrated that miR-206 overexpression reduced cell multiplication, invasion, and migration and increased cell apoptosis in LC cells. Moreover, SOX9 was a target of miR-206, and miR-206 negatively regulated SOX9 expression. Collectively, miR-206 might be a promising biomarker with diagnostic and prognostic value for LC, and the miR-206/SOX9 axis might be a candidate target for LC therapy.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; MicroRNAs
PubMed: 34868522
DOI: 10.1155/2021/5614861 -
The Laryngoscope May 2021A paucity of data exists regarding surgical outcomes for patients undergoing total laryngectomy for a dysfunctional larynx. Herein, we present the largest study...
OBJECTIVE
A paucity of data exists regarding surgical outcomes for patients undergoing total laryngectomy for a dysfunctional larynx. Herein, we present the largest study evaluating the method of closure on postoperative fistula rate and swallowing ability.
METHOD
We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing total laryngectomy for a dysfunctional larynx after primary radiation or chemoradiation therapy for laryngeal carcinoma from 1998 to 2020. Demographic information, operative details, length of hospitalization, fistula formation, method of fistula treatment, and need for enteral feeding 6 months after surgery were analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 268 patients were included. Flaps were performed in 140 (52.2%) patients, including radial forearm free flaps (RFFF), pectoralis flaps, and supraclavicular flaps. Sixty-four (23.9%) patients developed postoperative fistulas. There was no significant difference in the fistula rate between flap and primary closure methods (P = .06). However, among patients who had a flap, RFFF had a significantly lower fistula rate (P = .02). Significantly more patients who had initial closure with a pectoralis flap required an additional flap for fistula repair than those who underwent RFFF or primary closure (P < .05). Last, whereas 87 patients (32.5%) required an enteral feeding tube 6 months after surgery, significantly fewer patients who underwent RFFF were feeding tube-dependent (P = < .0001).
CONCLUSION
Herein, we present the largest study of outcomes after total laryngectomy for dysfunctional larynx. Postoperative fistula rates are high, 23%; however, the majority of patients, 67%, will not require long-term enteral support. The RFFF is an excellent option demonstrating the lowest rates of postoperative fistula and enteral feeding tube dependence.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1510-E1513, 2021.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma; Chemoradiotherapy; Cutaneous Fistula; Enteral Nutrition; Female; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Laryngectomy; Larynx; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Postoperative Complications; Radiation Injuries; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Retrospective Studies; Surgical Flaps; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33037821
DOI: 10.1002/lary.29154 -
Head and Neck Pathology Dec 2020We present the historical review and current state of the histopathological classifications and terminology of laryngeal precursor lesions. Attention to recent genetic... (Review)
Review
We present the historical review and current state of the histopathological classifications and terminology of laryngeal precursor lesions. Attention to recent genetic findings is also presented; although in need of additional confirmation, these raise possibility for early detection of patients at risk of dysplasia progression. Although a number of identified genetic alterations with a promising diagnostic and prognostic value are emerging, none of the known genetic alterations can be currently implemented in clinical practice as a completely reliable diagnostic and/or prognostic marker. Regarding the terminology of precursor lesions, dysplasia remains the most frequently used term, but squamous intraepithelial lesion can be used as a synonym as well. Histological findings, in spite of certain degree of subjectivity, remain at present the most reliable method for an accurate diagnosis. The current 2017 WHO classification seems to successfully stratify risk of malignant progression, with a significantly different risk of malignant progression between low-grade dysplasia and high-grade dysplasia. In case of pronounced architectural disorders, severe cellular and nuclear atypias, and an increased number of mitoses, also atypical form, the high-grade dysplasia and carcinoma in situ can be separated. The Slovenian tertiary centers have a policy of surgical removal of high-grade SILs and life-long close follow-up. Radiotherapy is reserved for more pronounced intraepithelial lesions classified as carcinoma in situ and invasive cancer. Such a distinction can facilitate clinical decision to use radiotherapy if complete surgical removal is not possible.
Topics: Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Larynx; Precancerous Conditions
PubMed: 32141027
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01149-9 -
PeerJ 2022Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains one of the most common respiratory tumors worldwide. Baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat containing 5 ( is a...
BACKGROUND
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains one of the most common respiratory tumors worldwide. Baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat containing 5 ( is a member of the inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein family. BIRC5 plays an important role in various types of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion. However, the specific role of BIRC5 in LSCC remains unclear.
METHODS
To provide a prognostic biomarker for LSCC, we screened the prognostic genes of LSCC bioinformatics. PPI network and KEGG pathways were used to select hub genes. Clinical prognoses were performed using a Kaplan-Meier plotter and Cox proportional-hazard analysis. BIRC5 expression in LSCC tissues and cell lines were detected by RT-PCR, Western blot and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell apoptosis were detected with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and Flow Cytometry assay, respectively.
RESULTS
Here, was strongly correlated with higher tumor grade and differentiation. BIRC5 was highly expressed in LSCC tissues when compared with normal tissues and increased expression of BIRC5 was associated with overall survival in LSCC patients. The suppression of BIRC5 induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of LSCC cells. The survival analysis confirmed that higher level of BIRC5 expression predicted poor prognosis of LSCC patients. BIRC5 may act as an oncogene of LSCC development and was suggested as a promising prognostic biomarker for LSCC.
Topics: Humans; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Prognosis; Neoplastic Processes; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Biomarkers; Survivin
PubMed: 35178302
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12871 -
Head & Neck Jul 2021In this systematic review, we aim to identify prognostic imaging variables of recurrent laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinoma after chemoradiotherapy. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
In this systematic review, we aim to identify prognostic imaging variables of recurrent laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinoma after chemoradiotherapy.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE (1990-2020). The crude data and effect estimates were extracted for each imaging variable. The level of evidence of each variable was assessed and pooled risk ratios (RRs) were calculated.
RESULTS
Twenty-two articles were included in this review, 17 on computed tomography (CT) and 5 on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables. We found strong evidence for the prognostic value of tumor volume at various cut-off points (pooled RRs ranging from 2.09 to 3.03). Anterior commissure involvement (pooled RR 2.19), posterior commissure involvement (pooled RR 2.44), subglottic extension (pooled RR 2.25), and arytenoid cartilage extension (pooled RR 2.10) were also strong prognostic factors.
CONCLUSION
Pretreatment tumor volume and involvement of several subsites are prognostic factors for recurrent laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinoma after chemoradiotherapy.
Topics: Chemoradiotherapy; Humans; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms; Larynx; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis
PubMed: 33797818
DOI: 10.1002/hed.26698 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Aug 2020Ocular metastatic lesions from head to neck region are rare. 55 years old male patient presented with loss of vision, pain, and proptosis of the left eye. The patient...
Ocular metastatic lesions from head to neck region are rare. 55 years old male patient presented with loss of vision, pain, and proptosis of the left eye. The patient was known case of laryngeal squamous carcinoma underwent laryngectomy 1 and half years back followed by chemoradiation. Well-defined scleral nodule extending from limbus to optic nerve was noted. In view of no other metastatic focus other than left eye on positron emission tomography (PET) scan, left eye enucleation was performed. Histopathological examination (HPE) showed squamous cell carcinoma. The patient received external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for left eye orbit. This is the first well-documented proven case of uveoscleral metastasis from laryngeal carcinoma.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Laryngectomy; Male; Middle Aged; Neck; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 32709822
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2074_19