-
Ugeskrift For Laeger May 2023Malakoplakia is a form of chronic, granulomatous, inflammatory condition which usually affects the genitourinary tract or other internal organs of immunocompromised...
Malakoplakia is a form of chronic, granulomatous, inflammatory condition which usually affects the genitourinary tract or other internal organs of immunocompromised patients. It is usually caused by acquired bactericidal incapacity of macrophages in connection to Eschericia coli infection. This case report presents an extremely rare case of cutaneous malakoplakia in the left axilla of a 48-year-old male patient, who had undergone kidney transplant one year earlier. The clinical presentation of cutaneous malakoplakia varies from nodules to plaques and moist wounds. The primary treatment is long-term antibiotic therapy.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Malacoplakia; Skin; Kidney Transplantation; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37264866
DOI: No ID Found -
Archivio Italiano Di Urologia,... Sep 2022The aim of the study is to make a review of the literature about bladder malakoplakia. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study is to make a review of the literature about bladder malakoplakia.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We searched articles on the PUBMED web-literature database with the following keywords: "vesical malakoplakia" and "bladder malakoplakia". In the literature we found 254 articles. At final we have excluded 219 articles, including in our study only 35 articles.
RESULTS
The overall average age found was 50.85 years. The average age of men was 43.22 years, while that of women was 53.37 years. 75% of the patient cases were women and 25% were men. Regarding comorbidities, in 5.55% of the cases were missing whereas 47.22% of the patients suffered from recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and 19.44% from immune system disorders. Urine culture was positive in 69.44% with E.coli being isolated in 92% of cases. Hydroureteronephrosis was present in 44.44% of the cases: left in 6.25% of cases, right in 18.75% and bilateral in 75%. The mean serum creatinine of patients with hydroureteronephrosis was 5.11 (1-21) mg/dl. The most frequent site of the lesion was the vesicoureteral junction (VUJ) (42.31%), followed by the trigone (38.46%). 30.56% of patients were treated with antibiotic and surgery (transurethral resection of bladder, partial or radical cystectomy), less frequent options were antibiotics alone and surgery alone. The recurrence rate was 15%.
CONCLUSIONS
Malakoplakia is a disorder usually related to other affections, like UTI and immunodepression, and it seem to be caused by an abnormal macrophage function. In almost half of the described cases of isolated bladder malakoplakia, hydroureteronephrosis and renal failure were present.Treatment is not standardized, but both medical and surgical therapies are effective to avoid recurrence.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Creatinine; Cystectomy; Female; Humans; Malacoplakia; Male; Middle Aged; Urinary Bladder
PubMed: 36165484
DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2022.3.350 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Aug 2022Bladder malacoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous disease. The most common site of the malacoplakia is the urinary system. The etiology of bladder malacoplakia is...
BACKGROUND
Bladder malacoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous disease. The most common site of the malacoplakia is the urinary system. The etiology of bladder malacoplakia is complex, with its clinical misdiagnosis rate is high. Therefore, exposure to more clinical cases is necessary to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
CASE SUMMARY
A 65-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of dysuria. She presented with dysuria, frequent urination, urgency, pain, and absence of hematuria and pyuria. After the examination, bladder tumor electrocision was performed under combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia on September 6, 2021. During the operation, electrotomy and electrocoagulation were performed. The operation was then followed by anti-infection treatment, and the patient recovered well. The postoperative pathology was diagnosed as bladder malacoplakia by light and electron microscopic analyses. On a follow-up after 4 mo, no significant difference between electrotomy and electrocoagulation was found, with both achieving a curative effect.
CONCLUSION
Diagnosing bladder malacoplakia depends on histopathological examination. Antibiotic treatment with bladder tumor resection or electrocoagulation provides better therapeutic effect.
PubMed: 36159544
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i23.8291 -
Journal of Comparative Pathology Aug 2023Malakoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous disease usually affecting the urinary bladder and other locations. In humans, the gastrointestinal tract is the second most...
Malakoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous disease usually affecting the urinary bladder and other locations. In humans, the gastrointestinal tract is the second most common location but there are no reports of intestinal malakoplakia in animals. A 10-month-old female French Bulldog was presented with chronic haemorrhagic diarrhoea and anorexia with normochromic-normocytic anaemia and hypoalbuminaemia. Grossly, there was mucosal thickening and ulceration of the caecum, colon and rectum. Microscopically, transmural sheets of foamy macrophages were seen in these tissues. Macrophages were periodic acid-Schiff, vimentin and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 positive and contained von Kossa- and Prussian blue-positive Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. Giemsa staining revealed rod-shaped bacterial colonies and fluorescence in-situ hybridization demonstrated Escherichia coli within macrophages. This is the first reported case of intestinal malakoplakia in domestic animals. Pathological features of intestinal malakoplakia share many similarities with ulcerative histiocytic colitis in dogs but it is unclear if they are different forms of the same pathological process or distinct entities.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Dogs; Female; Malacoplakia; Intestines; Colitis, Ulcerative; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37647838
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.07.002 -
Urology Case Reports Jan 2022Granulomatous prostatitis is a rare condition that is diagnosed only by histopathological examination. Though rare, the condition was reported to have different...
Granulomatous prostatitis is a rare condition that is diagnosed only by histopathological examination. Though rare, the condition was reported to have different presentations (mimicking prostate cancer or prostatitis and prostatic abscess) and to have different etiologies which classified it into three main entities; nonspecific (idiopathic), post-surgery, and specific. Specific granulomatous prostatitis is further sub-classified to infective, xanthogranulomatous, Malacoplakia and associated with systemic granulomatous disease and allergy. We hereby report a rare case of xanthogranulomatous prostatitis that presented with persistent urinary tract infection.
PubMed: 34712584
DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2021.101887 -
Veterinary Pathology Jul 2021Malakoplakia in humans most often affects the urinary bladder and is characterized by inflammation with von Hansemann-type macrophages, with or without Michaelis-Gutmann...
Malakoplakia in humans most often affects the urinary bladder and is characterized by inflammation with von Hansemann-type macrophages, with or without Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, and is frequently associated with infection. We describe the microscopic features of malakoplakia in the urinary bladder of 4 puppies. In all cases, the lamina propria of the urinary bladder was markedly expanded by sheets of large, round to polygonal macrophages with intracytoplasmic, periodic acid-Schiff-positive granules and granular inclusions, and rare Prussian blue-positive inclusions. Macrophages were positive for CD18 and Iba1. In 2 cases, Michaelis-Gutmann bodies were detected with hematoxylin and eosin stain and were best demonstrated with von Kossa stain. infection was confirmed in 2 cases with bacterial culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Transmission electron microscopy of one case demonstrated macrophages with abundant lysosomes, phagolysosomes, and rod-shaped bacteria. Microscopic features were similar to human cases of malakoplakia. In dogs, the light microscopic characteristics of malakoplakia closely resemble granular cell tumors and histiocytic ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Escherichia coli; Inclusion Bodies; Macrophages; Malacoplakia; Urinary Bladder
PubMed: 33888013
DOI: 10.1177/03009858211009779 -
BMJ Case Reports Aug 2021A 45-year-old woman presented to us in March 2019 with complaints of fever and right lower quadrant abdominal pain for 1 month. She had undergone renal transplantation...
A 45-year-old woman presented to us in March 2019 with complaints of fever and right lower quadrant abdominal pain for 1 month. She had undergone renal transplantation in 2017 for end-stage renal disease and developed four episodes of urinary tract infection in the next 16 months post transplantation, which were treated based on culture reports. She was subsequently kept on long-term prophylaxis with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Her present laboratory parameters showed a normal blood picture and elevated creatinine. Urine culture grew Non-contrast CT of the abdomen-pelvis revealed an endo-exophytic hyperdense mass in the graft kidney showing local infiltration and associated few regional lymph nodes. PET-CT revealed the soft-tissue mass and regional lymph nodes to be hypermetabolic, raising the possibility of lymphoma. However, biopsy showed features of malakoplakia. She was subsequently initiated on long-term antibiotic therapy and her immunosuppression decreased.
Topics: Female; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Malacoplakia; Middle Aged; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 34400429
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-244228 -
Canadian Association of Radiologists... Nov 2019To review the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging manifestations of acute and chronic renal infections that may mimic malignancy and to provide useful... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To review the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging manifestations of acute and chronic renal infections that may mimic malignancy and to provide useful tips to establish an imaging diagnosis.
CONCLUSION
Acute and chronic bacterial pyelonephritis are usually readily diagnosed clinically and on imaging when the diagnosis is suspected based upon clinical presentation. When unsuspected, focal, extensive or mass-like, acute and chronic bacterial pyelonephritis may mimic infiltrative tumours such as urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC), lymphoma, and metastatic disease. Infection may be suspected when patients are young and otherwise healthy when there is marked associated perinephric changes and in the absence of metastatic adenopathy or disease elsewhere in the abdomen and pelvis. Renal abscesses, from bacterial or atypical microbial agents, can appear as complex cystic renal masses mimicking cystic renal cell carcinoma. Associated inflammatory changes in and around the kidney and local invasion favour infection. Emphysematous pyelonephritis can mimic necrotic or fistulizing tumour; however, infection is more likely and should always be considered first. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis can mimic malignancy when focal or multifocal and in cases without associated renal calculi. Malacoplakia is an inflammatory process that may mimic malignancy and should be considered in patients with chronic infection. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-induced pyelonephritis is rare but can mimic renal malignancy and should be considered in patients presenting with a renal mass when being treated with BCG for urinary bladder UCC.
Topics: Acute Disease; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pyelonephritis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31537315
DOI: 10.1016/j.carj.2019.07.002 -
Journal of Surgical Case Reports Jun 2021Malakoplakia is a rare disease. Clinical presentation is non-specific, making its diagnosis an incidental finding on histopathological analysis. The aim of this case...
Malakoplakia is a rare disease. Clinical presentation is non-specific, making its diagnosis an incidental finding on histopathological analysis. The aim of this case report is to describe a patient diagnosed with colon, renal and soft tissue malacoplakia mimicking a locally advanced colorectal cancer. A 75-year-old man was admitted due to intense abdominal pain. No relevant findings at the physical examination. Computed tomography showed parietal thickening of the descending colon with left kidney, iliopsoas muscle and retroperitoneum involvement. An elevated blood serum creatinine, elevated glycated hemoglobin and urinary infection were detected. Surgery was decided for suspicious symptomatic colonic neoplasm. Left segmental colectomy with left partial nephrectomy and retroperitoneal soft tissue resection was performed. Pathology report was compatible with malakoplakia. Malakoplakia is a rare disease and may affect multiple organs. Because there are no clinical-specific findings, diagnosis is usually made with histopathological study of the surgical specimen.
PubMed: 34104407
DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjab225 -
Journal of Voice : Official Journal of... Sep 2022Malakoplakia is a very rare benign granulomatous disease, which can invade multiple organ systems, and is often related to bacterial infection and weak immunity. It is...
BACKGROUND
Malakoplakia is a very rare benign granulomatous disease, which can invade multiple organ systems, and is often related to bacterial infection and weak immunity. It is rarely occurred in the larynx, once this happens, the patient would complain of cough, hoarseness, dysphagia, and even dyspnea.
METHODS
We reported a case of malakoplakia of larynx. The patient complained of hoarseness and cough. Her lesion was located in the right false vocal cord. six case reports of malacoplakia in larynx were compiled from the literature and integrated with this case report.
RESULTS
After excising the tumor, the symptoms of the patient with cough, hoarseness and dysphagia were improved, and there was no recurrence during 1-year follow-up. The postoperative pathological diagnosis is malakoplakia. We found that malacoplakia is more commonly located in the supraglottic region, and we speculate that there may be a relationship between larynx-associated lymphoid tissue (LALT) and laryngeal malakoplakia. The effect of surgical treatment for laryngeal malacoplakia is satisfactory.
CONCLUSION
Malakoplakia of the larynx is rare. Bacterial infection, immune deficiency, and the distribution of LALT may be related to the pathogenesis and supraglottic localization of malakoplakia. The symptoms are related to the location and size of the mass and may be serious and fatal. Surgery is an important treatment for preserving laryngeal function and low recurrence rate.
PubMed: 36089557
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.08.011