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Prenatal Diagnosis Dec 2022Fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly is a relatively common finding, observed during approximately 1% of obstetric ultrasounds. In the second and third trimester, mild... (Review)
Review
Fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly is a relatively common finding, observed during approximately 1% of obstetric ultrasounds. In the second and third trimester, mild (≥10 mm) and severe ventriculomegaly (≥15 mm) are defined according to the measurement of distal lateral ventricles that is included in the routine sonographic examination of central nervous system. A detailed neurosonography and anatomy ultrasound should be performed to detect other associated anomalies in the central nervous system and in other systems, respectively. Fetal MRI might be useful when neurosonography is unavailable or suboptimal. The risk of chromosomal and non-chromosomal genetic disorders associated with ventriculomegaly is high, therefore invasive genetic testing, including microarray, is recommended. Screening for prenatal infections, in particular cytomegalovirus and toxoplasmosis, should also be carried out at diagnosis. The prognosis is determined by the severity of ventriculomegaly and/or by the presence of co-existing abnormalities. Fetal ventriculoamniotic shunting in progressive isolated severe ventriculomegaly is an experimental procedure. After delivery, ventricular-peritoneal shunting or ventriculostomy are the two available options to treat hydrocephalus in specific conditions with similar long-term outcomes. A multidisciplinary fetal neurology team, including perinatologists, geneticists, pediatric neurologists, neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons, can provide parents with the most thorough prenatal counseling. This review outlines the latest evidence on diagnosis and management of pregnancies complicated by fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly.
Topics: Pregnancy; Child; Female; Humans; Prospective Studies; Hydrocephalus; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Nervous System Malformations; Parents; Cerebral Ventricles; Prenatal Diagnosis
PubMed: 36371614
DOI: 10.1002/pd.6266 -
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology :... Aug 2020Empirically informed neuropsychological opinion is critical for determining whether cognitive deficits and symptoms are legitimate, particularly in settings where there...
OBJECTIVES
Empirically informed neuropsychological opinion is critical for determining whether cognitive deficits and symptoms are legitimate, particularly in settings where there are significant external incentives for successful malingering. The Slick, Sherman, and Iversion (1999) criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction (MND) are considered a major milestone in the field's operationalization of neurocognitive malingering and have strongly influenced the development of malingering detection methods, including serving as the criterion of malingering in the validation of several performance validity tests (PVTs) and symptom validity tests (SVTs) (Slick, D.J., Sherman, E.M.S., & Iverson, G. L. (1999). Diagnostic criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Proposed standards for clinical practice and research. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 13(4), 545-561). However, the MND criteria are long overdue for revision to address advances in malingering research and to address limitations identified by experts in the field.
METHOD
The MND criteria were critically reviewed, updated with reference to research on malingering, and expanded to address other forms of malingering pertinent to neuropsychological evaluation such as exaggeration of self-reported somatic and psychiatric symptoms.
RESULTS
The new proposed criteria simplify diagnostic categories, expand and clarify external incentives, more clearly define the role of compelling inconsistencies, address issues concerning PVTs and SVTs (i.e., number administered, false positives, and redundancy), better define the role of SVTs and of marked discrepancies indicative of malingering, and most importantly, clearly define exclusionary criteria based on the last two decades of research on malingering in neuropsychology. Lastly, the new criteria provide specifiers to better describe clinical presentations for use in neuropsychological assessment.
CONCLUSIONS
The proposed multidimensional malingering criteria that define cognitive, somatic, and psychiatric malingering for use in neuropsychological assessment are presented.
Topics: Cognition Disorders; Cognitive Dysfunction; Humans; Malingering; Neuropsychological Tests; Neuropsychology; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 32377667
DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa019 -
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology :... Aug 2021
Topics: Blood Flow Velocity; Female; Humans; Obstetrics; Pregnancy; Societies, Medical; Ultrasonography, Doppler; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Umbilical Arteries
PubMed: 34278615
DOI: 10.1002/uog.23698 -
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology :... Jan 2021
PubMed: 33387405
DOI: 10.1002/uog.23564 -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Nov 2021
Topics: Disability Evaluation; Gait; Gait Analysis; Humans; Malingering; Walking
PubMed: 34811997
DOI: No ID Found -
ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): performance of the routine mid-trimester fetal ultrasound scan.Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology :... Jun 2022
Topics: Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 35592929
DOI: 10.1002/uog.24888 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Mar 2023This is a case report of a woman with a long history of schizophrenia. She suddenly "confessed" that she had been feigning symptoms all along. Taken at face value, this...
This is a case report of a woman with a long history of schizophrenia. She suddenly "confessed" that she had been feigning symptoms all along. Taken at face value, this statement caused a delay in antipsychotic treatment followed by a serious deterioration of the patient's mental state. It became clear over time that several components of the patient's experience of lying were delusional in nature. The diagnosis of schizophrenia was once again validated and antipsychotic treatment resumed. Doctors are advised to be very careful when basing clinical decisions upon suspicion of malingering.
Topics: Female; Humans; Antipsychotic Agents; Malingering; Schizophrenia; Psychiatry
PubMed: 36999298
DOI: No ID Found