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International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2022The Special Issue "Orofacial Pain: Molecular Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment 2021" contains 6 articles published by 41 authors from different countries focusing on... (Review)
Review
The Special Issue "Orofacial Pain: Molecular Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment 2021" contains 6 articles published by 41 authors from different countries focusing on nucleus accumbens core GABAergic neurons, receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1, pannexin 1-mediated ATP signaling, ultra-low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and triamcinolone acetonide. The content covers several pain models, including neuropathic pain caused by peripheral nerve constriction or malpositioned dental implants, tongue cancer, myogenous temporomandibular dysfunction, and oral ulcerative mucositis. In addition, a review paper on trigeminal neuralgia is included.
Topics: Facial Pain; Humans; Neuralgia; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; Trigeminal Neuralgia
PubMed: 35563219
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094826 -
Indian Journal of Orthopaedics Apr 2021The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgeries is increasing and so is the number of revision surgeries for a failed ACLR. The spectrum of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgeries is increasing and so is the number of revision surgeries for a failed ACLR. The spectrum of ACL failure includes symptoms of recurrent instability, pain, and/or stiffness.
DISCUSSION
Factors contributing to ACL failure may be classified as patient-related, surgeon-related, and biological factors. Of these, tunnel malposition and recurrent trauma are the most common causes. Detailed patient assessment, imaging, and studying details of the index surgery are critical prior to planning revision surgery. Infection has to be ruled out prior to planning any reconstructive surgical procedure. Osseous malalignment in the coronal or sagittal planes would also need correction along with or prior to revision ACL surgery. Revision ACL reconstruction maybe performed as a one-stage or two-stage procedure. Severe tunnel dilatation, infection, or arthrofibrosis necessitates a two-stage approach. Autografts are preferred for revision ACL due their lesser re-tear rates and better outcomes. Associated meniscus tears and cartilage injuries are more common in revision than in primary surgery and need to be managed appropriately. Extra-articular reconstruction for controlling anterolateral instability is frequently required as well.
CONCLUSION
Revision ACL reconstruction is a complex undertaking due to limited graft options, compromised anatomy and high frequency of associated injuries. Patient expectations must be tempered because functional outcomes and return to pre-injury sports are inferior to a primary surgery.
PubMed: 33927805
DOI: 10.1007/s43465-020-00328-8 -
Periodontology 2000 Jun 2023In this review, typical clinical complications involving periodontal tissues are illustrated that can be encountered in conjunction with orthodontic therapy (OT).... (Review)
Review
In this review, typical clinical complications involving periodontal tissues are illustrated that can be encountered in conjunction with orthodontic therapy (OT). Special considerations are given for various clinical scenarios, such as the patient presenting in periodontal health, with periodontitis, or with mucogingival conditions. While some of the complications are seen as common side effects of OT, other, more severe, problems that could have been avoided may be viewed as treatment errors. Recommendations are made on how to prevent these complications, based on the currently available evidence, on clinical practice guidelines, and on expert opinion. In conclusion, while there are several areas in which OT can have unwanted adverse effects on periodontal/mucogingival conditions, there is also great potential for synergies, offering opportunities for close cooperation between the two specialties (periodontics and orthodontics) for the benefit of patients affected by tooth malpositioning and/or periodontal or mucogingival problems.
Topics: Humans; Periodontium; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Periodontics
PubMed: 36920050
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12484 -
Journal of Perinatal Medicine Mar 2021During labor mother and fetus are evaluated at intervals to assess their well-being and determine how the labor is progressing. These assessments require skillful... (Review)
Review
During labor mother and fetus are evaluated at intervals to assess their well-being and determine how the labor is progressing. These assessments require skillful physical diagnosis and the ability to translate the acquired information into meaningful prognostic decision-making. We describe a coordinated approach to the assessment of labor. Graphing of serial measurements of cervical dilatation and fetal station creates "labor curves," which provide diagnostic and prognostic information. Based on these curves we recognize nine discrete labor abnormalities. Many may be related to insufficient or disordered contractile mechanisms. Several factors are strongly associated with development of labor disorders, including cephalopelvic disproportion, excess analgesia, fetal malpositions, intrauterine infection, and maternal obesity. Clinical cephalopelvimetry involves assessing pelvic traits and predicting their effects on labor. These observations must be integrated with information derived from the labor curves. Exogenous oxytocin is widely used. It has a high therapeutic index, but is easily misused. Oxytocin treatment should be restricted to situations in which its potential benefits clearly outweigh its risks. This requires there be a documented labor dysfunction or a legitimate medical reason to shorten the labor. Normal labor and delivery pose little risk to a healthy fetus; but dysfunctional labors, especially if stimulated excessively by oxytocin or terminated by complex operative vaginal delivery, have the potential for considerable harm. Conscientiously implemented, the approach to the evaluation of labor outlined in this review will result in a reasonable cesarean rate and minimize risks that may accrue from the labor and delivery process.
Topics: Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Fetal Monitoring; Humans; Labor, Obstetric; Obstetric Labor Complications; Pelvimetry; Pregnancy; Risk Adjustment; Uterine Monitoring
PubMed: 33068385
DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2020-0256 -
Seminars in Plastic Surgery May 2021Breast augmentation is consistently one of the most commonly performed aesthetic operations every year. Unfortunately, revision rates following primary augmentation... (Review)
Review
Breast augmentation is consistently one of the most commonly performed aesthetic operations every year. Unfortunately, revision rates following primary augmentation remain as high as 36%. There are several causes for revision breast augmentation; however, the most common and challenging of these include capsular contracture, implant malposition, and ptosis of the aging breast following augmentation. Successful management of these problems requires knowledge on how to best treat the implant and capsule with the corresponding soft tissue simultaneously. While surgical management is important, understanding the pathological causes of these entities during the primary operation can reduce the need for revision. This article utilizes the most up-to-date literature to review the appropriate clinical evaluation and surgical management of these complex cases.
PubMed: 34121945
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1727272 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Jul 2021Premature loss of primary molars often leads to loss of arch circumference in the primary and mixed dentition. It can lead to malpositioning and even impaction of...
Premature loss of primary molars often leads to loss of arch circumference in the primary and mixed dentition. It can lead to malpositioning and even impaction of permanent tooth, if not prevented. Space maintainers in preventive orthodontics, are imperative in maintaining arch integrity. Band and loop space maintainers are indicated whenever there is premature loss of primary molar. The conventional band and loop space maintainer is most routinely fabricated, but poses certain limitations. Three-dimensional (3D) printing in digital dentistry is one of the major developments in dentistry. It replicates the dental cast in the most accurate forms. This allows for supreme precision and minimal human errors. Besides decreasing the laboratory procedures, it has the least chance of failure or breakage. The current case report discusses 3D printing technology for the fabrication of band and loop space maintainer, which can revolutionize preventive orthodontics for children.
Topics: Child; Dentition, Mixed; Humans; Molar; Orthodontics, Preventive; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Space Maintenance, Orthodontic; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 34192758
DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-45.3.1