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Addiction (Abingdon, England) Sep 2022Individuals impacted by someone else's alcohol, illicit drug, gambling and gaming problems (affected others) experience extensive harms. To our knowledge, this is the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Individuals impacted by someone else's alcohol, illicit drug, gambling and gaming problems (affected others) experience extensive harms. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions delivered to affected others across addictions.
METHODS
This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. An electronic database search (PsycInfo, Medline, Cinahl and EMBASE) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until August 2021 was conducted. RCTs with passive control groups, evaluating psychosocial tertiary interventions delivered to affected others of people with addictions (problematic alcohol use, substance use, gambling or gaming) that did not require the involvement of the addicted person, were included.
RESULTS
Twenty included studies, published in 22 articles, mainly evaluated interventions for alcohol use, followed by gambling and illicit drugs, with none investigating gaming interventions. The interventions mainly targeted partners/spouses and focused upon improving affected other outcomes, addicted person outcomes or both. Meta-analyses revealed beneficial intervention effects over control groups on some affected other (depressive symptomatology [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.67, -0.29], life satisfaction (SMD = -0.37, 95% CI = -0.71, -0.03) and coping style (SMD = -1.33, 95% CI = -1.87, -0.79), addicted person [treatment entry, risk ratio (RR) = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75-0.98] and relationship functioning outcomes (marital discord, SMD = -0.40, 95% CI = -0.61, -0.18) at post-intervention. No beneficial intervention effects were identified at short-term follow-up (4-11 months post-treatment). The beneficial intervention effects identified at post-treatment remained when limiting to studies of alcohol use and therapist-delivered interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
Psychosocial interventions delivered to affected others of people with addictions (problematic alcohol use, substance use, gambling or gaming) may be effective in improving some, but not all, affected other (depression, life satisfaction, coping), addicted person (treatment) and relationship functioning (marital discord) outcomes for affected others across the addictions, but the conclusion remains tentative due to limited studies and methodological limitations.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Alcohol Drinking; Behavior, Addictive; Humans; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 35129234
DOI: 10.1111/add.15825 -
Clinical and Experimental Hypertension... Dec 2023The aim is to identify the factors influencing blood pressure variability in postmenopausal women based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS).
BACKGROUND
The aim is to identify the factors influencing blood pressure variability in postmenopausal women based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The data on postmenopausal women between 1993 and 2015 were extracted from the CHNS. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to analyze the development track of blood pressure changes, based on which the subjects were separately divided into two groups for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed to analyze the factors influencing SBP and DBP.
RESULTS
A total of 346 women were eligible for the study. Group-based trajectory modeling showed two different trajectories of blood pressure, including the low-level, slowly developed type and the high-level, rapidly developed, stable type of SBP, as well as the low-level, slowly developed type and the high-level, slowly developed type of DBP. In multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.118, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.082-1.156), body mass index (BMI) (OR: 2.239, 95%CI: 1.010-4.964), antihypertensive agents (OR: 7.293, 95%CI: 2.191-24.275), hip circumference (OR: 1.069, 95%CI: 1.014-1.128) and marital status (OR: 3.103, 95%CI: 1.028-9.361) were found to be the significant factors influencing SBP; age (OR: 1.067, 95%CI: 1.039-1.096), alcohol consumption (OR: 2.741, 95%CI: 1.169-6.429), antihypertensive agents (OR: 4.577, 95%CI: 1.553-13.492), hip circumference (OR: 1.093, 95%CI: 1.049-1.138), and marital status (OR: 3.615, 95%CI: 1.228-10.644) were the predominant factors influencing DBP.
CONCLUSIONS
In postmenopausal women, age, BMI, antihypertensive agents, hip circumference, and marital status are associated with SBP changes, while age, alcohol consumption, antihypertensive agents, hip circumference, and marital status with DBP variability.
MESH KEYWORDS
postmenopausal women, blood pressure, development track, influencing factors, CHNS.
Topics: Humans; Female; Blood Pressure; Antihypertensive Agents; Postmenopause; Body Mass Index; Nutrition Surveys; China; Hypertension; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36842972
DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2023.2181356 -
Occupational Therapy International 2021Burnout, a reaction to chronic emotional stress, affects health and reduces the quality of service. Reportedly, healthcare professionals are especially vulnerable to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Burnout, a reaction to chronic emotional stress, affects health and reduces the quality of service. Reportedly, healthcare professionals are especially vulnerable to burnout. This meta-analysis is aimed at examining the factors associated with occupational therapists' burnout. The results of 2,430 occupational therapists, across 17 peer-reviewed English articles, the most recent published in 2020, were analysed. Results revealed significant associations between related variables and burnout. Marital status, work field, and work hours, job challenges, patient age, position, turnover intention, working type, and work addiction showed significant positive correlation effect sizes in relation to burnout, whereas age, education, engagement, job satisfaction, personal identity, professional identity, rewards, and feeling valued showed significant negative correlation effect sizes. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that strategies to reduce occupational therapists' burnout need to consider organizational as well as psychological aspects.
Topics: Burnout, Professional; Burnout, Psychological; Humans; Job Satisfaction; Occupational Therapists; Occupational Therapy; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34987329
DOI: 10.1155/2021/1226841 -
Lakartidningen Dec 2022The group of people who undergo infertility treatments is multifaceted and affected in different psychological aspects. In general, individuals cope relatively well with...
The group of people who undergo infertility treatments is multifaceted and affected in different psychological aspects. In general, individuals cope relatively well with this life situation. Risk for decreased quality-of-life is associated with miscarriages and/or long time to pregnancy. Women often report more signs of anxiety and depression during the period of treatment compared to men. Psychological support is needed to be able to handle strains caused by treatment and/or childlessness per se; such as marital strains, impaired mental well-being, and negative consequences on sexuality. Psychological support is also wanted for those who will have to adjust to continued childlessness.
Topics: Male; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Infertility; Anxiety; Marriage; Mental Health; Quality of Life; Stress, Psychological; Depression; Adaptation, Psychological
PubMed: 36519704
DOI: No ID Found -
Family Process Sep 2020Infidelity occurs in approximately 25% of marriages and is associated with various negative consequences for individuals (e.g., depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic...
Infidelity occurs in approximately 25% of marriages and is associated with various negative consequences for individuals (e.g., depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress), the couple relationship (e.g., financial loss, increased conflict, and aggression), and the couple's children (e.g., internalizing and externalizing behaviors). Infidelity is also one of the most frequently cited reasons for divorce. The increased stress brought on by the pandemic may be putting couples at an increased risk for experiencing infidelity, and data collected during the pandemic have shown that people across the United States are engaging in behaviors that are associated with a high likelihood of experiencing infidelity. The negative consequences of infidelity are also likely to be exacerbated for couples during the pandemic due to the intersection with the social, emotional, and financial consequences of COVID-19. Furthermore, couples are likely to experience disruptions and delays to the affair recovery process during the pandemic, which can negatively impact their ability to heal. Therefore, recommendations for navigating affair recovery during the pandemic, including adaptations for therapy, are also discussed.
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Extramarital Relations; Female; Humans; Male; Marital Therapy; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Quarantine; SARS-CoV-2; United States
PubMed: 32621371
DOI: 10.1111/famp.12576 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2022Few studies evaluating the relationship between depression and exercise consider peoples' socio-demographic characteristics. This cross-sectional study investigated the...
Few studies evaluating the relationship between depression and exercise consider peoples' socio-demographic characteristics. This cross-sectional study investigated the interaction between exercise and marital status and depression in Taiwanese adults. Data from the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) was recruited from the Taiwan Biobank. Participants indicated their exercise status, showing 5015 no-exercise cases and 3407 exercise cases. Marital status, including unmarried, divorced or separated, and widowed, were all significant, especially among the no-exercise group. The relationship between exercise/no exercise and marital status was examined; no exercise and unmarried, divorced or separated, and widowed, as well as exercise and married were significant to PHQ-2. Gender was significant in both the married and unmarried groups. The association between exercise, marital status, gender, and education on PHQ-2 score was also significant. Married people, especially men, had lower depression scores. Additionally, exercise had a protective effect against depression for unmarried people, especially women.
Topics: Adult; Biological Specimen Banks; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Marital Status; Taiwan
PubMed: 35162898
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031876 -
Archives of Women's Mental Health Oct 2021Perinatal depression is an important public health problem. Psychological interventions play an essential role in the treatment of depression. In the current paper, we... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Perinatal depression is an important public health problem. Psychological interventions play an essential role in the treatment of depression. In the current paper, we will present the results of a series of meta-analyses on psychological treatments of perinatal depression. We report the results of a series of meta-analyses on psychological treatments of depression, including perinatal depression. The meta-analyses are based on a database of randomized trials on psychotherapies for depression that has been systematically developed and updated every year. Psychological interventions are effective in the treatment of perinatal depression with a moderate effect size of g = 0.67, corresponding with a NNT of about 4. These effects were still significant at 12 months after the start of the treatment. These interventions also have significant effects on social support, anxiety, functional impairment, parental stress, and marital stress. Possibly the effects are overestimated because of the use of waiting list control groups, the low quality of the majority of trials and publication bias. Research on psychotherapies for depression in general has shown that there are no significant differences between the major types of therapy, except for non-directive counseling that may have somewhat smaller effects. CBT can also be delivered in individual, group, telephone, and guided self-help format. Interventions in subthreshold depression are also effective and may prevent the onset of a full-blown depressive disorder, while therapies may be less effective in chronic depression. Psychological interventions are effective and deserve their place as first-line treatment of perinatal depression.
Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 34228202
DOI: 10.1007/s00737-021-01159-8 -
The Oncologist Jun 2022Limited and conflicting findings have been reported regarding the association between social support and colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes. We sought to assess the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Limited and conflicting findings have been reported regarding the association between social support and colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes. We sought to assess the influences of marital status and living arrangement on survival outcomes among patients with stage III colon cancer.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We conducted a secondary analysis of 1082 patients with stage III colon cancer prospectively followed in the CALGB 89803 randomized adjuvant chemotherapy trial. Marital status and living arrangement were both self-reported at the time of enrollment as, respectively, married, divorced, separated, widowed, or never-married, and living alone, with a spouse or partner, with other family, in a nursing home, or other.
RESULTS
Over a median follow-up of 7.6 years, divorced/separated/widowed patients experienced worse outcomes relative to those married regarding disease free-survival (DFS) (hazards ratio (HR), 1.44 (95% CI, 1.14-1.81); P =.002), recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR, 1.35 (95% CI, 1.05-1.73); P = .02), and overall survival (OS) (HR, 1.40 (95% CI, 1.08-1.82); P =.01); outcomes were not significantly different for never-married patients. Compared to patients living with a spouse/partner, those living with other family experienced a DFS of 1.47 (95% CI, 1.02-2.11; P = .04), RFS of 1.34 (95% CI, 0.91-1.98; P = .14), and OS of 1.50 (95% CI, 1.00-2.25; P =.05); patients living alone did not experience significantly different outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Among patients with stage III colon cancer who received uniform treatment and follow-up within a nationwide randomized clinical trial, being divorced/separated/widowed and living with other family were significantly associated with greater colon cancer mortality. Interventions enhancing social support services may be clinically relevant for this patient population.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00003835.
Topics: Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Colonic Neoplasms; Disease-Free Survival; Humans; Marital Status; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
PubMed: 35641198
DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyab070 -
Cancer Medicine Jul 2023Distress is prevalent among lymphoma patients/survivors. Current processes of distress identification rely on self-reporting by patients/survivors, which may be limited... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Distress is prevalent among lymphoma patients/survivors. Current processes of distress identification rely on self-reporting by patients/survivors, which may be limited by their willingness to report symptoms. To help identify patients/survivors at greater risk, this systematic review aims to comprehensively review factors that may contribute to distress in lymphoma patients/survivors.
METHODS
PubMed was systematically searched for peer-reviewed primary articles (1997-2022) consisting of standardised keywords "lymphoma" and "distress." Information from 41 articles was integrated via narrative synthesis.
RESULTS
Consistent risk factors of distress include younger age, relapsed disease, and greater comorbidities and symptom burden. Active treatment and the transition from treatment to post-treatment could be challenging phases. Adequate social support, adaptive adjustment to cancer, engaging in work and healthcare professionals' support may mitigate distress. There is some evidence that older age may be associated with greater depression and life changes/experiences may shape how individuals cope with lymphoma. Gender and marital status were not robust predictors of distress. Other clinical, psychological and socioeconomic factors are understudied or have mixed findings.
CONCLUSIONS
While several factors of distress align with that of other cancers, more research is needed to identify significant factors of distress in lymphoma patients/survivors. The identified factors may support clinicians in identifying distressed lymphoma patients/survivors and providing interventions where necessary. The review also highlights avenues for future research and a need to routinely collect data on distress and its factors in registries.
Topics: Humans; Stress, Psychological; Quality of Life; Lymphoma; Neoplasms; Psychological Distress
PubMed: 37199079
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6069 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Dec 2020Evidence about the impact of marital status before hematopoietic cell transplantation (hct) on outcomes after hct is conflicting.
BACKGROUND
Evidence about the impact of marital status before hematopoietic cell transplantation (hct) on outcomes after hct is conflicting.
METHODS
We identified patients 40 years of age and older within the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research registry who underwent hct between January 2008 and December 2015. Marital status before hct was declared as one of: married or living with a partner, single (never married), separated or divorced, and widowed. We performed a multivariable analysis to determine the association of marital status with outcomes after hct.
RESULTS
We identified 10,226 allogeneic and 5714 autologous hct cases with, respectively, a median follow-up of 37 months (range: 1-102 months) and 40 months (range: 1-106 months). No association between marital status and overall survival was observed in either the allogeneic ( = 0.58) or autologous ( = 0.17) setting. However, marital status was associated with grades 2-4 acute graft-versus-host disease (gvhd), < 0.001, and chronic gvhd, = 0.04. The risk of grades 2-4 acute gvhd was increased in separated compared with married patients [hazard ratio (hr): 1.13; 95% confidence interval (ci): 1.03 to 1.24], and single patients had a reduced risk of grades 2-4 acute gvhd (hr: 0.87; 95% ci: 0.77 to 0.98). The risk of chronic gvhd was lower in widowed compared with married patients (hr: 0.82; 95% ci: 0.67 to 0.99).
CONCLUSIONS
Overall survival after hct is not influenced by marital status, but associations were evident between marital status and grades 2-4 acute and chronic gvhd. To better appreciate the effects of marital status and social support, future research should consider using validated scales to measure social support and patient and caregiver reports of caregiver commitment, and to assess health-related quality of life together with health care utilization.
Topics: Graft vs Host Disease; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Marital Status; Quality of Life
PubMed: 33380875
DOI: 10.3747/co.27.6327