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JAMA Network Open Sep 2019
Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Bacteriuria; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Mass Screening; Urinalysis
PubMed: 31550043
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.12522 -
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology Mar 2021The purpose of this study was to determine whether a uniform infection screening protocol could be used to safely perform head and neck cancer surgery during the...
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a uniform infection screening protocol could be used to safely perform head and neck cancer surgery during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and clarify how surgical treatment changed compared with the pre-pandemic period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
During the unprecedented coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Tokyo, we continued providing head and neck cancer care, guided by our own uniform screening protocol. In this study, medical records of 208 patients with head and neck malignancy, who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital during the first and second wave of pandemic for each 2-month period (first wave: 30 March 2020-30 May 2020, second wave: 14 July 2020-14 September 2020) and the 2-month pre-pandemic period (30 October 2019-30 December 2020), were analysed.
RESULTS
A total of 133 patients were admitted for surgical treatment and all, except six patients with emergency tracheostomy, were screened according to the protocol. As a result, all 127 patients received surgical treatment as planned, and all 1247 medical staff members involved in the surgeries were uninfected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. During the first wave of pandemic, 20% reduction of head and neck surgery was requited; however, restrictions of surgery were not necessary during the second wave. Surgical procedure, length of hospitalization, postoperative complications and number of medical staff were unchanged compared with pre-pandemic period.
CONCLUSION
Our data indicate that continuation of head and neck anticancer surgical treatment in an epidemic area during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic were safe and feasible, if adequate and strict preventive measures are vigorously and successfully carried out.
Topics: COVID-19; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Japan; Male; Mass Screening; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures; SARS-CoV-2; Tokyo
PubMed: 33048119
DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa195 -
Pharmacological Research Feb 2023Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight threatening complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The incidence of DR in the pediatric population has increased in the last two... (Review)
Review
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight threatening complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The incidence of DR in the pediatric population has increased in the last two decades and it is expected to further rise in the future, following the increase in DM prevalence and obesity in youth. As early stages of the retinal disease are asymptomatic, screening programs are of extreme importance to guarantee a prompt diagnosis and avoid progression to more advanced, sight threatening stages. The management of DR comprises a wide range of actions starting from glycemic control, continuing with systemic and local medical treatments, up to para-surgical and surgical approaches to deal with the more aggressive complications. In this review we will describe the pathophysiology of DR trying to understand all the possible targets for currently available or future treatments. We will briefly consider the impact of screening techniques, screening strategies and their social and economic impact. Finally a large part of the review will be dedicated to medical and surgical treatments for DR including both currently available and under development therapies. Most of the available data in the literature on DR are focused on the adult population. The aim of our work is to provide clinicians and researchers with a comprehensive overview of the state of the art regarding DR in the pediatric population, considering the increasing numbers of this diseases in youth and the inevitable consequences that such a chronic disease could have if poorly managed in children.
Topics: Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Child; Diabetic Retinopathy; Mass Screening; Prevalence; Incidence; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 36681366
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106670 -
The Journal of Prevention of... 2020
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cognitive Dysfunction; Early Diagnosis; Humans; Mass Screening; Mental Status and Dementia Tests; Primary Health Care
PubMed: 32463065
DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2020.16 -
PloS One 2022We sought to evaluate the yield, cost, feasibility, and acceptability of routine tuberculosis (TB) screening of pregnant women in Cotonou, Benin.
OBJECTIVES
We sought to evaluate the yield, cost, feasibility, and acceptability of routine tuberculosis (TB) screening of pregnant women in Cotonou, Benin.
DESIGN
Mixed-methods, cross-sectional study with a cost assessment.
SETTING
Eight participating health facilities in Cotonou, Benin.
PARTICIPANTS
Consecutive pregnant women presenting for antenatal care at any participating site who were not in labor or currently being treated for TB from April 2017 to April 2018.
INTERVENTIONS
Screening for the presence of TB symptoms by midwives and Xpert MTB/RIF for those with cough for at least two weeks. Semi-structured interviews with 14 midwives and 16 pregnant women about experiences with TB screening.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES
Proportion of pregnant women with cough of at least two weeks and/or microbiologically confirmed TB. The cost per pregnant woman screened and per TB case diagnosed in 2019 USD from the health system perspective.
RESULTS
Out of 4,070 pregnant women enrolled in the study, 94 (2.3%) had a cough for at least two weeks at the time of screening. The average (standard deviation) age of symptomatic women was 26 ± 5 years and 5 (5.3%) had HIV. Among the 94 symptomatic women, 2 (2.3%) had microbiologically confirmed TB for a TB prevalence of 49 per 100,000 (95% CI: 6 to 177 per 100,000) among pregnant women enrolled in the study. The average cost to screen one pregnant woman for TB was $1.12 USD and the cost per TB case diagnosed was $2271 USD. Thematic analysis suggested knowledge of TB complications in pregnancy was low, but that routine TB screening was acceptable to both midwives and pregnant women.
CONCLUSION
Enhanced screening for TB among pregnant women is feasible, acceptable, and inexpensive per woman screened, however in this setting has suboptimal yield even if it can contribute to enhance TB case finding.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Benin; Costs and Cost Analysis; Female; Humans; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnant Women; Prevalence; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 35192665
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264206 -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings Jan 2022To assess health care provider (HCP) preferences related to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening overall, and by HCP and patient characteristics.
OBJECTIVE
To assess health care provider (HCP) preferences related to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening overall, and by HCP and patient characteristics.
PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS
We developed a survey based on the Theoretical Domains Framework to assess factors associated with CRC screening preferences in clinical practice. The survey was administered online November 6 through December 6, 2019, to a validated panel of HCPs drawn from US national databases and professional organizations. The final analysis sample included 779 primary care clinicians (PCCs) and 159 gastroenterologists (GIs).
RESULTS
HCPs chose colonoscopy as their preferred screening method for average-risk patients (96.9% (154/159) for GIs, 75.7% (590/779) for PCCs). Among PCCs, 12.2% (95/779) preferred multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA), followed by fecal immunochemical test (FIT), (7.3%; 57/779) and guaiac-based fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) (4.8%; 37/779). Preference among PCCs and GIs generally shifted toward noninvasive screening options for patients who were unable to undergo invasive procedures; concerned about taking time from work; unconvinced about need for screening; and refusing other screening recommendations. Among PCCs, preference for mt-sDNA over FIT and gFOBT was less frequent in larger compared with smaller clinical practices. Additionally, preference for mt-sDNA over FIT was more likely among PCCs with more years of clinical experience, higher patient volumes (> 25/day), and practice locations in suburban and rural settings (compared to urban).
CONCLUSION
Both PCCs and GIs preferred colonoscopy for CRC screening of average-risk patients, although PCCs did so less frequently and with approximately a quarter preferring stool-based tests (particularly mt-sDNA). PCCs' preference varied by provider and patient characteristics. Our findings underscore the importance of informed choice and shared decision-making about CRC screening options.
Topics: Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Colonoscopy; Colorectal Neoplasms; DNA, Neoplasm; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Gastroenterology; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Occult Blood; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Primary Health Care; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34920895
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.06.028 -
Polski Przeglad Chirurgiczny Feb 2020Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in men and the second most common in women. The disease constitutes a significant civilization and social...
INTRODUCTION
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in men and the second most common in women. The disease constitutes a significant civilization and social problem.
THE AIM
The aim of the study is to assess the sudy group's awareness and knowledge about CRC, as well as about its diagnostics and treatment.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
An online questionaire form was distributed in the study group regarding issues related to CRC, and followed by statistical analysis and interpretation of the obtained survey results.
RESULTS
After analysis, we found that a significant percentage of the surveyed sample group had basic knowledge and awareness in the area of CRC, whereas about half of the respondents did not consider themselves sufficiently informed about the disease.
CONCLUSIONS
Considering the scale of the problem posed by CRC, it is necessary to undertake broader action to promote knowledge about this disease and to carry out this type of research on a larger and more socioeconomically diverse population.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Awareness; Colorectal Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Educational Status; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32312915
DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.8160 -
Nursing ResearchSoutheast Asian women have high rates of cervical cancer and yet are among the least likely to be screened. There is sparse literature on communication patterns among...
BACKGROUND
Southeast Asian women have high rates of cervical cancer and yet are among the least likely to be screened. There is sparse literature on communication patterns among Southeast Asian women, specifically related to cervical cancer and Pap test uptake. Little is known about the influence of Southeast Asian mothers and daughters on each other's cervical cancer beliefs and screening behaviors.
OBJECTIVES
We examined the perceptions of and barriers to cervical cancer screening among Cambodian and Lao mothers and daughters and explored how they converse about women's health issues, specifically cervical cancer and Pap testing.
METHODS
We conducted in-depth interviews with Cambodian and Lao mother-daughter dyads, aged 18 years and older, living in a large Midwestern city between February and September of 2015. Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize the sample demographic characteristics. Bivariate tests (contingency table analyses, independent t-tests, and Pearson correlations) were conducted to test for differences between the mothers and daughters in demographic characteristics and measures of health status and beliefs. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.
RESULTS
In-depth interviews were conducted with three Cambodian and eight Lao mother-daughter dyads. The daughters were significantly more acculturated to English, had greater education, and were mostly employed full time. The mothers and daughters evaluated their health status much the same, their medical mistrust equally, and all of the mothers and nine of the daughters were Buddhist. Themes in mother-daughter communication included what mothers and daughters do and do not talk about with regard to sexual health, refugee experiences, what hinders mother-daughter communication, and relationship dynamics. The mothers were embarrassed and uncomfortable discussing cervical cancer, Pap testing, and other women's health issues with their daughters. Although mothers did not influence women's health promotion or cervical cancer prevention with their daughters, daughters did influence their mothers' health and healthcare decisions. Daughters were critical in navigating healthcare systems, engaging with providers, and making medical decisions on behalf of their mothers.
DISCUSSION
By leveraging the unique and dynamic intergenerational bond that mothers and daughters who identify as Southeast Asian have, we can develop strategies to influence the cultural dialogue related to cervical cancer and early detection.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asia, Southeastern; Asian People; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Humans; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Mother-Child Relations; Mothers; Ohio; Qualitative Research; Surveys and Questionnaires; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 34173374
DOI: 10.1097/NNR.0000000000000531 -
Substance Abuse 2021Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is an evidence-based approach to early intervention of substance misuse. : This mixed-methods...
Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is an evidence-based approach to early intervention of substance misuse. : This mixed-methods evaluation assessed the implementation of an adolescent SBIRT change package across 13 primary care clinics. These clinics participated in an 18-month learning collaborative, during which they received training and technical assistance on SBIRT practices. : Six major themes emerged around the implementation of the change package: operational readiness of the sites, training of staff members, factors around the screening process, factors around intervention delivery, the referral process, and the adaptation and utilization of the electronic health record (EHR). : Through the guidance of the change package and the associated training and technical assistance, the participating primary care clinics were able to implement SBIRT practices within their existing workflows. There was also an observed reduction in reported substance use among the at-risk adolescents served by these clinics.
Topics: Adolescent; Crisis Intervention; Delivery of Health Care; Humans; Mass Screening; Referral and Consultation; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 34491880
DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2020.1846662 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2022Nutritional risk screening, to identify patients at risk of malnutrition, is the first step in the prevention and treatment of malnutrition in hospitalized patients, and...
Nutritional risk screening, to identify patients at risk of malnutrition, is the first step in the prevention and treatment of malnutrition in hospitalized patients, and should be followed by a thorough nutritional assessment resulting in a diagnosis of malnutrition and subsequent treatment. In 2019, a consensus on criteria has been suggested for the diagnosis of malnutrition by the Global Leadership Initiative for Malnutrition (GLIM). This study investigates the diagnosis of malnutrition in hospitalized patients using nutritional risk screening and the diagnostic assessment suggested by GLIM. Hospitalized patients (excluding cancer, intensive care, and transmissible infections) who underwent nutritional risk screening (by NRS2002) were included. Nutritional risk screening was followed by anthropometric measurements including measurement of muscle mass, assessment of dietary intake and measurement of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) for inflammation in all patients. Malnutrition was diagnosed according to the GLIM-criteria. In total, 328 patients (median age 71 years, 47% women, median length of stay 7 days) were included. Nutritional risk screening identified 143 patients as at risk of malnutrition, while GLIM criteria led to a diagnosis of malnutrition in 114 patients. Of these 114 patients, 77 were also identified as at risk of malnutrition by NRS2002, while 37 patients were not identified by NRS2002. Malnutrition was evident in fewer patients than at risk of malnutrition, as expected. However, a number of patients were malnourished who were not identified by the screening procedure. More studies should investigate the importance of inflammation and reduced muscle mass, which is the main difference between nutritional risk screening and GLIM diagnostic assessment.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Male; Leadership; Malnutrition; Nutrition Assessment; Mass Screening; Inflammation
PubMed: 36396666
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23878-3