-
Scientific Reports Jun 2022To evaluate regional axonal-related parameters as a function of disease stage in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and visual field (VF) sensitivity. Spectral domain...
To evaluate regional axonal-related parameters as a function of disease stage in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and visual field (VF) sensitivity. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography was used to acquire 20° scans of POAG (n = 117) or healthy control (n = 52) human optic nerve heads (ONHs). Region specific and mean nerve fibre layer (NFL) thicknesses, border NFL and peripapillary NFL, minimum rim width (MRW)/ area (MRA) and prelamina thickness; and volume were compared across POAG disease stages and with visual field sensitivity. Differences identified between early glaucoma (EG), preperimetric glaucoma (PG) and control (C) ONHs included thinner PG prelamina regions than in controls (p < 0.05). Mean border NFL was thinner in EG (p < 0.001) and PG (p = 0.049) compared to control eyes; and EG mean, and inferior and ST, border NFL was thinner than in PG (p < 0.01). Mean, superior and inferior PG peripapillary NFL were thinner than in controls (p < 0.05), and EG ST peripapillary NFL was thinner than in PG (p = 0.023). MRW differences included: PG SN and inferior less than in controls (p < 0.05); thinner EG mean regional, inferior, nasal, and ST MRW versus PG MRW (p < 0.05). Regional border NFL, peripapillary NFL, MRW, MRA, prelamina thickness (except centre, p = 0.127) and prelamina volume (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with VF mean deviation (MD). Novel axon-derived indices hold potential as biomarkers to detect early glaucoma and identify ONHs at risk.
Topics: Biomarkers; Glaucoma; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 35672326
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12036-4 -
Journal of Neuro-ophthalmology : the... Mar 2022Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a sensitive method for quantifying retinal neuronal and axonal structures. Reductions in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and...
BACKGROUND
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a sensitive method for quantifying retinal neuronal and axonal structures. Reductions in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses have a reported association with white and grey matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS). We hypothesized that the thinning of intraretinal layer measurements associates with cognitive decline in MS patients with no prior event of optic neuritis (ON).
METHODS
OCT and NeuroTrax computerized cognitive assessments were performed in 204 relapsing remitting MS patients with no history of ON or other conditions affecting the eye. Data were collected between 2010 and 2020 and retrospectively analyzed. Correlations were examined between cognitive performance and a lower RNFL or GCIPL thickness. A multilinear regression model was generated to assess the significance of these correlations regarding the disability score and disease duration.
RESULTS
The 204 study participants had a mean age of 40.52 ± 11.8 years (mean ± SD) and disease duration of 9.80 ± 9.40 years. The mean RNFL thickness in this whole cohort was 82.22 ± 10.85 μm and the global cognitive score was 95.32 ± 12.32. The mean GCIPL thickness measured in a subgroup of 104 patients was 74.27 ± 10.37 μm. The RNFL and GCIPL both correlated with the global cognitive score (r = 0.174, P = 0.013 and r = 0.29, P = 0.03, respectively), and with various cognitive domains. However, the GCIPL showed stronger correlations than RNFL, particularly with executive function (r = 0.29, P = 0.003), attention (r = 0.332, P = 0.001), and the information processing speed (r = 0.25, P = 0.012). These correlations remained significant after correcting for confounders.
CONCLUSION
OCT measurements correlate with cognitive performance in MS patients. OCT can thus be used to evaluate central nervous system neurodegeneration in MS, as reflected by cognitive decline.
Topics: Adult; Cognitive Dysfunction; Humans; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Optic Neuritis; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 34294657
DOI: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000001326 -
Clinical and Experimental Hypertension... Dec 2023This study intends to investigate the correlation between blood pressure variability (BPV) levels and the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence...
PURPOSE
This study intends to investigate the correlation between blood pressure variability (BPV) levels and the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to measure retinal microvasculature in hypertensive patients.
METHODS
All individuals in the study had 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and bilateral OCT and OCTA exams, and only data from the right eye were analyzed statistically.
RESULTS
The study included 170 individuals, with 60 in the control group. The experimental group was separated into two groups based on the average real variability (ARV) median, with 55 in the low ARV group and 55 in the high ARV group. The mean thicknesses of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL), internal limiting membrane-retinal pigment epithelial cell layer (ILM-RPE), vessel density (VD), and perfusion density (PD) in the high-ARV group were substantially lower in the low-ARV and control groups (p<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that disease duration, age, and 24 h diastolic standard deviation all affected RNFL mean thickness (p<0.05). VD and PD were influenced by disease duration, systolic-ARV, daytime systolic blood pressure, intraocular pressure(IOP), and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (p<0.05). And the change in VD was connected to best-corrected visual acuity.
CONCLUSION
Hypertensive retinopathy is related to BPV. In clinical practice, we can assess the degree of BPV and retinopathy in hypertensive patients to track the progression of hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD). Correction of BPV may help treat or postpone the progression of HOMD.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Hypertensive Retinopathy; Hypertension; Retina
PubMed: 37120839
DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2023.2205050 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022Urethral thickness measurements can be indicative of the pathological state of a patient; however to the best of our knowledge, no measurement reference range has been...
INTRODUCTION
Urethral thickness measurements can be indicative of the pathological state of a patient; however to the best of our knowledge, no measurement reference range has been established in small-breed dogs. This study aimed to establish reference ranges for total urethral thickness and urethral wall thickness in healthy small-breed dogs; "urethral wall thickness" was assumed to be 1/2 of the "total urethral thickness."
METHODS
Total urethral thickness was measured by ultrasonography in 240 healthy small-breed dogs. In both female and male dogs, the thickness was measured in the mid-sagittal plane. In female dogs, it was measured immediately before the pelvic bone. In male dogs, it was measured caudal to the prostate and cranial to the pelvic bone. The total urethral thickness we measured is the total thickness of the collapsed urethra, which is the sum of the thicknesses of the dorsal and ventral urethral wall.
RESULTS
The mean value of total urethral thickness was 3.15 ± 0.83 mm (urethral wall thickness, 1.58 ± 0.41 mm) in 240 small-breed dogs. The total urethral thickness was significantly greater in male dogs than in female dogs ( < 0.001), even when compared among the same breeds ( < 0.05). The mean value of the total urethral thickness in females was 2.78 ± 0.60 mm (urethral wall thickness, 1.39 ± 0.30 mm), and 3.53 ± 0.86 mm (urethral wall thickness, 1.76 ± 0.43 mm) in males. There was very weak positive correlation between body weight (BW) and total urethral thickness (R2 = 0.109; β = 0.330; < 0.001). Intraobserver reliability measured by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.986 ( < 0.001) and interobserver reliability measured by ICC was 0.966 ( < 0.001).
DISCUSSION
This study described the differences in total urethral thickness between breeds, sexes, and sterilization status, and the correlation between BW and total urethral thickness. Furthermore, this is the first study to provide reference ranges of total urethral thickness and urethral wall thickness in small-breed dogs using ultrasonography, and is expected to be useful for urethral evaluation in veterinary diagnostic imaging.
PubMed: 36570510
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1051898 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022High frequency ultrasonography (ultrasound biomicroscopy; UBM) is an ophthalmic diagnostic tool that can be used to measure the depth of the anterior segment (ASD), the...
BACKGROUND
High frequency ultrasonography (ultrasound biomicroscopy; UBM) is an ophthalmic diagnostic tool that can be used to measure the depth of the anterior segment (ASD), the anterior chamber angle (ACA), as well as thicknesses of the iris and the ciliary body (CB).
METHODS
The anterior segment dimensions and thicknesses were measured by Sonomed 35-MHz.
RESULTS
Measurements for 95 eyes from 52 adults were analyzed. The mean and median ASD and ACA were 2.91, 2.92 ± 0.41 mm and 34.1, 34.3 ± 12.1 degrees, respectively. The angle superiorly was wider than inferiorly ( = 0.04). At the root of the iris, the mid of the iris, and the juxtapupillary edge of the iris, the iris thicknesses (median, mean) were 0.40, 0.41 ± 0.1, 0.50, 0.51 ± 0.1, and 0.70, 0.71 ± 0.1 mm, respectively. The thicknesses of CB and CB together with the ciliary processes (median, mean), were 0.70, 0.71 ± 0.15 mm and 1.36, 1.41 ± 0.15 mm, respectively. The upper quadrant of both the iris and the CB was significantly thicker than the lower quadrant ( = 0.04).
CONCLUSIONS
Our biometric measurements for the anterior segment can be used as normative data for anterior segment depth and angle and iris and ciliary body thickness in normal eyes.
PubMed: 35885715
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071188 -
Journal of Ophthalmology 2021To evaluate the differences in macular choroidal thickness and volume between patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and healthy controls to assess the...
PURPOSE
To evaluate the differences in macular choroidal thickness and volume between patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and healthy controls to assess the correlation between macular choroidal thickness and visual field mean defect (MD).
METHODS
Case-control study. A total of 101 patients (101 eyes) with POAG who were hospitalized in our hospital and 102 healthy subjects (102 eyes) matched by age, sex, and axial length were consecutively selected as the POAG group and the control group, respectively. The macular choroidal thickness and volume in nine regions were measured in all subjects by enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT).
RESULTS
The mean thicknesses of the choroid in the macular area in the POAG group and healthy group were 207.97 ± 62.83 m and 208.24 ± 47.97 m, and the mean volumes were 0.63 ± 0.19 m and 0.64 ± 0.14 m. There were no significant differences in macular choroidal thickness, volumes of various macular regions, or mean choroidal thickness or volume between the POAG and healthy groups (all > 0.05). The macular choroidal thickness of various macular regions was not correlated with visual field MD in the POAG group (all > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The macular choroidal thicknesses and volumes in POAG patients were not significantly different from those in healthy individuals. The macular choroidal thickness was not correlated with MD in POAG patients. Therefore, macular choroidal thickness is not an appropriate parameter to evaluate damage caused by POAG, and the role of the macular choroid thickness in POAG needs to be further investigated.
PubMed: 34007481
DOI: 10.1155/2021/5574950 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Jan 2023Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a retinal disorder characterized by serous retinal detachment with or without pigment epithelial detachment in the posterior...
PURPOSE
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a retinal disorder characterized by serous retinal detachment with or without pigment epithelial detachment in the posterior pole of the eye. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between scleral thickness and choroidal structure in CSC eyes.
METHODS
This single-center retrospective study included 111 eyes of 111 CSC patients. Using swept-source optical coherence tomography, the horizontal cross-sectional images of the posterior choroid were converted to binary images by semiautomated software. The luminal and stromal areas of the choroid were measured, and the luminal/stromal (L/S) ratios of the whole choroid (WC), inner choroid, and outer choroid (OC) at 1500 µm, 3000 µm, and 7500 µm ranges centered on the fovea were calculated. Correlations of L/S ratio and age, spherical equivalent, axial length, subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), and scleral thickness were determined. Scleral thickness was measured vertically, 6 mm posterior to the scleral spur in four directions.
RESULTS
SCT and mean scleral thickness were significantly positively correlated with the L/S ratio in all ranges of WC and OC. Multiple regression analysis found that SCT and mean scleral thickness were significantly correlated with the L/S ratio, and the strength of correlation of mean scleral thickness (WC: 0.386, P < 0.001; OC: 0.391, P < 0.001) was greater than that of SCT (WC: 0.368, P < 0.001; OC: 0.383, P < 0.001) in 7500 µm range.
CONCLUSIONS
Thick sclera appeared to play a role in an increase in the luminal component of the posterior choroid in CSC eyes.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Sclera; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy; Fluorescein Angiography; Choroid; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Retinal Detachment
PubMed: 36662534
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.1.16 -
BMC Ophthalmology Feb 2023This study aimed to compare anterior scleral thicknesses (ASTs) in people with emmetropia and myopia to explore the effect of myopia on AST.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to compare anterior scleral thicknesses (ASTs) in people with emmetropia and myopia to explore the effect of myopia on AST.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, 93 participants (i.e., 93 eyes) with emmetropia and myopia underwent ocular imaging via anterior segment optical coherence tomography. We acquired raw B-scan OCT images along each of the four meridians (superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal), The AST was estimated from the limbus to a distance of 6 mm. The participants were aged between 20 and 50 years (mean age: 30.2 ± 8.8 years). The axial length (AL) was 22.50 ~ 33.04 mm (mean AL: 26.51 ± 2.65 mm), and the spherical equivalent (SE) was + 0.50 ~ 27.5 D (mean SE: -7.20 ± 6.5 D). The selected sample comprised 37 males and 56 females who were categorized as emmetropes, mild-moderate myopes, or high myopes. The four meridians of AST, AL, and refractive error were observed.
RESULTS
The AL was significantly negatively correlated with the four meridians of AST (the r value ranged between - 0.511 and - 0.228, P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between age and inferior diameter (r = 0.113, P = 0.314), but age was positively correlated with the average AST of the superior, temporal, and nasal diameters (the r value ranged between 0.452 and 0.552, P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between sex and AST (the T value ranged between - 1.816 and - 0.130, P > 0.05). Except for the inferior diameters of 1 mm, 5 mm, and 6 mm and the temporal diameter of 1 mm, the four diameters in the emmetropia group and the high myopia group were statistically significant at a distance of 0 ~ 6 mm from the limbus (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The AST is negatively correlated with AL and positively correlated with age. Compared with emmetropic eyes, the AST is thinner in highly myopic eyes. Myopia affects AST, which may be useful for monitoring progression in cases of myopia.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Emmetropia; Sclera; Cross-Sectional Studies; Myopia; Refraction, Ocular; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 36782174
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02775-x -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Dec 2022Mechanical properties are cardinal for the long-term clinical success of laminate veneer restorations but the selection of new restorative materials should ideally be...
OBJECTIVES
Mechanical properties are cardinal for the long-term clinical success of laminate veneer restorations but the selection of new restorative materials should ideally be based on clinical evidence, therefore, in vitro testing of dental materials is a good alternative to evaluate their properties and understand their behavior so this study aimed to compare and evaluate the effect of two different thicknesses and yttria percentage on the fracture resistance of laminate veneer zirconia restorations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty laminate veneer restoration prepared from partial sintering zirconia of 3Y (yttria), 5Y (yttria), combined 3Y&5Y (yttria), and lithium disilicate. Specimens were assigned into four main groups according to their percentage of yttria content (n = 10) and subgrouped into two thicknesses (0.5 mm thickness and 0.3 mm thickness) (n = 5) as follows: Group I, II, III, and IV (Group I for lithium disilicate (control), Group II for 3Y zirconia, Group III for 5Y zirconia, and Group IV for combined 3Y&5Y zirconia), each of them subdivided according to their thickness into two subgroups (n = 5 for each one) and resistance to fracture for each restoration was evaluated using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's tests at a 5% level of significance.
RESULTS
The thickness of laminate veneer restoration significantly affects the fracture resistance value of all type of laminate veneers restorations (fracture resistance mean value was highest for 0.5 mm thickness and lower for 0.3 mm thickness restorations) and yttria percentage significantly affect fracture resistance value of zirconia laminate veneer restorations (fracture resistance mean value was highest for 0.5 mm thickness of 3Y zirconia [865 N] and combined 3Y&5Y zirconia [846 N]).
CONCLUSIONS
Reducing the thickness of laminate zirconia veneer restorations to 0.3 mm reduces its fracture resistance and increasing yttria percentage had an adverse effect on fracture resistance of zirconia laminate veneer restorations.
Topics: Dental Stress Analysis; Materials Testing; Zirconium
PubMed: 36099336
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.658 -
PloS One 2021To identify mechanical factors, as well as patients' biometric and surgeons' experience factors that correlate with the FF incidence in microkeratome (MK)-assisted LASIK...
PURPOSE
To identify mechanical factors, as well as patients' biometric and surgeons' experience factors that correlate with the FF incidence in microkeratome (MK)-assisted LASIK and to construct a predictive model based on these parameters.
METHODS
55,700 consecutive LASIK treatments of 28,506 patients between January 2017 and April 2020 done by 50 surgeons in 10 centers, all with Sub Bowman Keratome (SBK) and 90μ head (OUP) were analyzed retrospectively for the incidence of FF and their correlation to mean keratometry, central corneal thickness, MK ring height and stop, as well as surgeons' experience. A prediction model was built and tested for sensitivity and specificity.
RESULTS
The incidence of FF using the SBK MK was 0.276%. Risk factors were low central corneal thickness, very flat (-1) or very thick (+2) ring height, and higher stop values (p<0.001). Mean keratometry and low surgeon experience were not correlated to FF incidence. A prediction model with a cut-off FF risk of 0.274%, a 76% specificity, and a 73% sensitivity was applied.
CONCLUSIONS
Free flaps are rarely seen in modern MK LASIK. However, the incidence of this complication using the SBK MK increases using higher stop values, very thick and very thin MK rings, and in eyes with thin corneas.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Astigmatism; Biometry; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Free Tissue Flaps; Germany; Humans; Hyperopia; Incidence; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Statistical; Myopia; Postoperative Complications; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 34469435
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255525