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Journal of Integrative Neuroscience Aug 2022This study aims to explore the value of retinal vessel density (VD) in diagnosing optic nerve injuries in patients with pituitary adenomas using optical coherence...
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to explore the value of retinal vessel density (VD) in diagnosing optic nerve injuries in patients with pituitary adenomas using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
METHODS
In this cross-sectional retrospective study, 100 patients with pituitary adenomas and 71 participants for normal controls, who visited the Beijing Tiantan Hospital from January 2019 to May 2021, were enrolled. The OCTA was used to measure retinal thickness and VD, and the correlation of these parameters with visual field (VF) factors was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare the value of the above parameters in diagnosing VF abnormalities in the patients with pituitary adenomas; the differences in retinal VD between 41 patients with pituitary adenomas who had normal retinal thicknesses and 41 patients in the normal control group with no statistical differences in gender and age were compared.
RESULTS
The radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) density, superficial retinal capillary plexus (SRCP) density, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and ganglion cell layer complex thickness correlated with VF parameters ( < 0.05). The RPC density in the temporal quadrant had the highest capability in diagnosing VF abnormalities, with an area under the curve = 0.821, < 0.001, with 72.3% sensitivity and 82.7% specificity. The mean RPC density and RPC density in the nasal and temporal quadrants in the 41 patients with pituitary adenomas who had normal retinal thicknesses were reduced compared with the normal control group (49.95% ± 1.86% vs. 51.30% ± 1.87%, = 0.002; 49.09% ± 3.13% vs. 50.41% ± 3.90%, = 0.034; 54.33% ± 3.14% vs. 55.89% ± 3.08%, = 0.020) and other parameters had no statistical differences compared with the normal control group.
CONCLUSIONS
The density of the RPC and SRCP may also be sensitive and specific indicators of VF damage in patients with pituitary adenomas. Measuring retinal VD in patients with pituitary adenomas may be a supplement to help identify VF impairments. In addition, abnormal retinal vascular density may indicate VF impairment in patients who are unable to cooperate with VF examinations.
Topics: Angiography; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Pituitary Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 36137972
DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2105142 -
Folia Morphologica 2023This study investigated the lumbosacral plexus (LSP) nerve root thickness and ligamentum flavum (LF) thickness and correlated them with age and sex. These findings...
BACKGROUND
This study investigated the lumbosacral plexus (LSP) nerve root thickness and ligamentum flavum (LF) thickness and correlated them with age and sex. These findings provided a useful data for spinal nerve root micro-anastomosis surgery and lumbar decompression surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This retrospective study was conducted with 350 individuals with ages ranging from 21 to 80 years under magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the possible cause of a lower back pain.
RESULTS
According to the morphometric measurements of the LSP root thickness, the diameter gradually increased from L1 to S1. L1 has the thinnest root (3.9 ± 0.81 mm) while S1 has the thickest root (5.45 ± 0.8 mm). The measurements revealed inconsiderable differences in the LSP thickness in relation to age, sex in the study population. Regarding the LF, the thickness of the LF was found to insignificantly increase with age. Besides, the LF thickness was inconsequentially higher in female. The mean thickness of the right LF at different spinal levels was measured (L2-L3 = 3.19 ± 0.27, L3-L4 = 3.38 ± 0.11 mm, L4-L5 = 3.71 ± 0.29 mm, and L5-S1 = 3.64 ± 0.21 mm). The mean thickness of the left LF was non-significantly higher.
CONCLUSIONS
The LSP root and LF thicknesses not related to age or sex.
Topics: Humans; Female; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ligamentum Flavum; Retrospective Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Low Back Pain; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Lumbar Vertebrae
PubMed: 34783005
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2021.0120 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2022Studies have shown the efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) as adjuvant therapy during short-term follow-up. However,...
INTRODUCTION
Studies have shown the efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) as adjuvant therapy during short-term follow-up. However, few studies have assessed the long-term efficacy of SLT on preventing worsening Humphrey visual field (HVF) parameters and thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) with continued medical therapy.
METHODS
A retrospective chart review was conducted of 51 eyes of 39 patients with glaucoma treated with SLT at Boston Medical Center between 2012 and 2016 with 3- and 5-year follow-up. Outcome measures included IOP, visual acuity, number of glaucoma medications, number of months to subsequent surgical intervention. HVF outcome measures included mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) outcome measures included RNFL mean thickness, and superior and inferior thicknesses.
RESULTS
Twenty-five eyes received subsequent surgical intervention (mean time to intervention = 33.6 ± 20.0 months). In the eyes that did not receive another intervention, mean IOP was significantly decreased by 3.2 and 3.5 mmHg at 3- and 5-year after SLT, respectively. Mean number of glaucoma medications was significantly increased at 5-year (2.7 ± 1.6; = 0.04), compared to pre-SLT (2.0 ± 1.1). Mean HVF MD was significantly higher at 5-year (-7.64 ± 6.57 dB) compared to pre-SLT (-5.61 ± 3.90 dB). Mean PSD significantly increased at 3-year (5.30 ± 2.91 dB) and 5-year (6.84 ± 2.62 dB), compared to pre-SLT (4.63 ± 2.70 dB; = 0.04 and ≤0.01, respectively). On OCT, inferior quadrant RNFL thickness decreased significantly at 5-year (88.5 ± 19.3 μm), compared to pre-SLT (94.0 ± 23.2 μm).
DISCUSSION
Although 51% of eyes had IOP controlled at 5-year post-SLT, mean number of glaucoma medications was significantly higher. Also, there was progression of MD and PSD on HVF and inferior quadrant thinning on OCT at 5-year. We found a significant association between age at SLT and risk of subsequent surgical intervention over 5-year follow-up. Our study adds to our understanding of long-term outcomes of adjuvant SLT for glaucoma patients receiving medical therapy.
PubMed: 36714136
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1039195 -
Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi = Turkish... 2021In this study, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses were compared between adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) cases and healthy controls.
OBJECTIVE
In this study, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses were compared between adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) cases and healthy controls.
METHOD
The study included adults diagnosed with ADHD based on the DSM-5 criteria and age and gender matched healthy controls. Spectral area optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed on the 52 eyes of 26 participants with ADHD and the 52 eyes of the 26 healthy control individuals.
RESULTS
Comparing the data on the 52 eyes of 26 ADHD participants and the 52 eyes of 26 healthy control participants indicated that the central macular thickness (CMT) and the RNFL thicknesses, the ganglion cell complex (GCC), the mean inner macular ring (MIRAVG) and the mean outer macular ring (MOR-AVG) thicknesses were significantly lower in the ADHD group.
CONCLUSION
This is the first study in the literature on the RNFL thickness in adult ADHD patients. Our findings demonstrated that RNFL thickness is lower in ADHD cases as the unmyelinated axons are reduced in ADHD. Hence, the quantitative and reproducible nature of Spectral Domain-OCT thickness measurements can be used as biomarkers to monitor disease progression in ADHD cases.
Topics: Adult; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Humans; Nerve Fibers; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 34647288
DOI: No ID Found -
Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi = Turkish... 2021In this study, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses were compared between adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) cases and healthy controls.
OBJECTIVE
In this study, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses were compared between adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) cases and healthy controls.
METHOD
The study included adults diagnosed with ADHD based on the DSM-5 criteria and age and gender matched healthy controls. Spectral area optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed on the 52 eyes of 26 participants with ADHD and the 52 eyes of the 26 healthy control individuals.
RESULTS
Comparing the data on the 52 eyes of 26 ADHD participants and the 52 eyes of 26 healthy control participants indicated that the central macular thickness (CMT) and the RNFL thicknesses, the ganglion cell complex (GCC), the mean inner macular ring (MIRAVG) and the mean outer macular ring (MOR-AVG) thicknesses were significantly lower in the ADHD group.
CONCLUSION
This is the first study in the literature on the RNFL thickness in adult ADHD patients. Our findings demonstrated that RNFL thickness is lower in ADHD cases as the unmyelinated axons are reduced in ADHD. Hence, the quantitative and reproducible nature of Spectral Domain-OCT thickness measurements can be used as biomarkers to monitor disease progression in ADHD cases.
Topics: Adult; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Nerve Fibers; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 34750792
DOI: 10.5080/u25584 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Dec 2023Skull morphology and growth patterns are essential for orthodontic treatment, impacting clinical decision making. We aimed to determine the association of different...
OBJECTIVES
Skull morphology and growth patterns are essential for orthodontic treatment, impacting clinical decision making. We aimed to determine the association of different cephalometric skeletal configurations on midface parameters as measured in 3D CT datasets.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
After sample size calculation, a total of 240 fully dentulous patients between 20 and 79 years of age (mean age: 42 ± 15), who had received a CT of the skull within the scope of trauma diagnosis or intracranial bleeding, were retrospectively selected. On the basis of cephalometric analysis, using MPR reconstructions, patients were subdivided into three different vertical skull configurations (brachyfacial, mesofacial, dolichofacial) and the respective skeletal Class I, II, and III relationships. Anatomic parameters were measured using a three-dimensional post-processing console: the thickness of the maxillary and palatine bones as well as the alveolar crest, maxillary body and sutural length, width and height of the hard palate, maxillary facial wall thickness, and masseter muscle thickness and length.
RESULTS
Individuals with brachyfacial configurations had a significantly increased palatal and alveolar ridge thicknesses compared to those with dolichofacial- or mesofacial configurations. Brachyfacial configurations presented a significantly increased length and thickness of the masseter muscle (4.599 cm; 1.526 cm) than mesofacial (4.431 cm; 1.466 cm) and dolichofacial configurations (4.405 cm; 1.397 cm) (p < 0.001). Individuals with a skeletal Class III had a significantly shorter palatal length (5.313 cm) than those with Class I (5.406 cm) and Class II (5.404 cm) (p < 0.01). Sutural length was also significantly shorter in Class III (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Skeletal configurations have an impact on parameters of the bony skull. Also, measurable adaptations of the muscular phenotype could result.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The association between viscerocranial morphology and midface anatomy might be beneficial for tailoring orthodontic appliances to individual anatomy and planning cortically anchored orthodontic appliances.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Face; Cephalometry; Maxilla; Palate, Hard
PubMed: 38157063
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05472-7 -
Ophthalmology Science Sep 2023To investigate the relationship between retinal traction force and impairment of the inner retinal layer in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM).
PURPOSE
To investigate the relationship between retinal traction force and impairment of the inner retinal layer in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM).
DESIGN
Nonrandomized, retrospective consecutive case series.
PARTICIPANTS
Two hundred nine eyes of 201 patients with idiopathic ERM who underwent vitrectomy for idiopathic ERM were enrolled.
METHODS
Retinal folds caused by ERM were visualized using en face OCT, and the maximum depth of retinal folds within the parafovea (MDRF) was measured. Focal macular electroretinogram (ERG) was used to measure the amplitude and implicit time of each component for the ERM eyes and the normal fellow eyes. B-scan OCT images were used to measure the thicknesses of the inner nuclear layer (INL) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) + outer plexiform layer (OPL). Expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in surgically removed ERM specimens was quantified by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
We analyzed the relationship between MDRF and the relative amplitudes of focal macular ERG (affected eye/fellow eye), the relationships between MDRF and the mean INL thickness and ONL+OPL thickness, comparison of INL thickness and ONL+OPL thickness for each area when cases were classified according to MDRF localization in the ETDRS chart, and the relationship between MDRF and the relative expression of α-SMA in the ERM specimens.
RESULTS
The MDRF significantly correlated with the relative amplitudes (affected eye/fellow eye) of b-waves and oscillatory potentials (r = -0.657, = 0.015; r = -0.569, = 0.042, respectively) and the mean INL thickness and ONL+OPL thickness (r = 0.604, < 0.001; r = 0.210, = 0.007, respectively). However, only the INL thickness progression rate was significantly correlated with the MDRF progression rate (r = 0.770, < 0.001). On case stratification by localization of MDRF based on the ETDRS chart, in regions other than temporal regions, the INL thickness was significantly greater in regions with MDRF than in other regions. The MDRF significantly correlated with α-SMA expression in the ERM specimens (r = 0.555, = 0.009).
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that ERM impairs the inner retinal layer in a traction force-dependent manner.
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES
The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
PubMed: 37214764
DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100312 -
Journal of Neuroscience Methods Aug 2021Changes in choroidal thickness are associated with various ocular diseases, and the choroid can be imaged using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and...
BACKGROUND
Changes in choroidal thickness are associated with various ocular diseases, and the choroid can be imaged using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT).
NEW METHOD
Eighty macular SD-OCT volumes from 80 patients were obtained using the Zeiss Cirrus machine. Eleven additional control subjects had two Cirrus scans done in one visit along with enhanced depth imaging (EDI-OCT) using the Heidelberg Spectralis machine. To automatically segment choroidal layers from the OCT volumes, our graph-theoretic approach was utilized. The segmentation results were compared with reference standards from two independent graders, and the accuracy of automated segmentation was calculated using unsigned/signed border positioning/thickness errors and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). The repeatability and reproducibility of our choroidal thicknesses were determined by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), and repeatability coefficient (RC).
RESULTS
The mean unsigned/signed border positioning errors for the choroidal inner and outer surfaces are 3.39 ± 1.26 µm (mean ± standard deviation)/- 1.52 ± 1.63 µm and 16.09 ± 6.21 µm/4.73 ± 9.53 µm, respectively. The mean unsigned/signed choroidal thickness errors are 16.54 ± 6.47 µm/6.25 ± 9.91 µm, and the mean DSC is 0.949 ± 0.025. The ICC (95% confidence interval), CV, RC values are 0.991 (0.977-0.997), 2.48%, 14.25 µm for the repeatability and 0.991 (0.977-0.997), 2.49%, 14.30 µm for the reproducibility studies, respectively.
COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S)
The proposed method outperformed our previous method using choroidal vessel segmentation and inter-grader variability.
CONCLUSIONS
This automated segmentation method can reliably measure choroidal thickness using different OCT platforms.
Topics: Choroid; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 34157370
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109267 -
The Journal of Physical Chemistry. C,... Aug 2022Diagnostic advancements require continuous developments of reliable analytical sensors, which can simultaneously fulfill many criteria, including high sensitivity and...
Diagnostic advancements require continuous developments of reliable analytical sensors, which can simultaneously fulfill many criteria, including high sensitivity and specificity for a broad range of target analytes. Incorporating the highly sensitive attributes of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with highly specific analyte recognition capabilities via molecular surface functionalization could address major challenges in molecular diagnostics and analytical spectroscopy fields. Herein, we have established a controllable molecular surface functionalization process for a series of textured gold surfaces. To create the molecularly surface-functionalized SERS platforms, self-assembled benzyl-terminated and benzoboroxole-terminated monolayers were used to compare which thicknesses and root-mean-square (RMS) roughness of planar gold produced the most sensitive and specific surfaces. Optimal functionalization was identified at 80 ± 8 nm thickness and 7.2 ± 1.0 nm RMS. These exhibited a considerably higher SERS signal (70-fold) and improved sensitivity for polysaccharides when analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and self-organizing maps (SOM). These findings lay the procedure for establishing the optimal substrate specifications as an essential prerequisite for future studies aiming at developing the feasibility of molecular imprinting for SERS diagnostic applications and the subsequent delivery of advanced, highly selective, and sensitive sensing devices and analytical platforms.
PubMed: 36017358
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c03524 -
Eye (London, England) Feb 2023To determine the distribution of central corneal thickness (CCT) and its determinants in an Iranian geriatric population.
PURPOSE
To determine the distribution of central corneal thickness (CCT) and its determinants in an Iranian geriatric population.
METHODS
This population-based study was conducted in 2019 in Tehran, the capital of Iran, using stratified multistage random cluster sampling. The study population was all residents ≥60 years of age. First, preliminary optometric and ocular health examinations were performed including the measurement of uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity, objective and subjective refraction, anterior and posterior segment examination. The study participants then underwent corneal imaging using Pentacam HR.
RESULTS
Out of 3791 invitees, 3310 participated in this study (response rate: 87.3%). The mean CCT and apex corneal thicknesses were 528 µ (95% CI: 526-529) and 529 µ (95% CI: 527-530), respectively. The highest and lowest mean corneal thickness was related to the superior (620 µ: 95% CI: 618-622) and the temporal (591 µ: 95% CI: 590-592) paracentral points, respectively. According to the multiple linear regression model, the CCT was significantly inversely related to keratometry readings (K1 and K2) and had a statistically significant direct relationship with intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal eccentricity (ECC), and corneal volume (CV) (all p values <0.05). The CCT was significantly higher in diabetic patients (p = 0.043).
CONCLUSION
The CCT values in the geriatric Iranian population were lower than the values reported in most previous studies. The CCT is mostly influenced by IOP and corneal parameters (curvature, shape factor, and volume) and is not affected by demographic factors, refractive error, and ocular biometric components.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Iran; Intraocular Pressure; Cornea; Tonometry, Ocular; Refractive Errors
PubMed: 35102248
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-01946-2