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Lancet (London, England) Aug 2019Family health history (FHH) is the most useful means of assessing risk for common chronic diseases. The odds ratio for risk of developing disease with a positive FHH is... (Review)
Review
Family health history (FHH) is the most useful means of assessing risk for common chronic diseases. The odds ratio for risk of developing disease with a positive FHH is frequently greater than 2, and actions can be taken to mitigate risk by adhering to screening guidelines, genetic counselling, genetic risk testing, and other screening methods. Challenges to the routine acquisition of FHH include constraints on provider time to collect data and the difficulty in accessing risk calculators. Disease-specific and broader risk assessment software platforms have been developed, many with clinical decision support and informatics interoperability, but few access patient information directly. Software that allows integration of FHH with the electronic medical record and clinical decision support capabilities has provided solutions to many of these challenges. Patient facing, electronic medical record, and web-enabled FHH platforms have been developed, and can provide greater identification of risk compared with conventional FHH ascertainment in primary care. FHH, along with cascade screening, can be an important component of population health management approaches to overall reduction of risk.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Electronic Health Records; Humans; Medical History Taking; Odds Ratio; Risk Assessment; Software
PubMed: 31395442
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31275-9 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Mar 2020Few know that Lombroso was also involved in epidemiological research. In particular, Lombroso's scientific reflections on Medical Geography were addressed to the theme...
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK
Few know that Lombroso was also involved in epidemiological research. In particular, Lombroso's scientific reflections on Medical Geography were addressed to the theme of climate influences and meteorological conditions on human conduct. The authors analyze the scientific production and the works of Lombroso devoted to medical geography.
DISCUSSION
Lombroso carried out accurate epidemiological investigations using the statistical method with great modernity, combining health data with geographical and climatic data to demonstrate the relationship between man, the environment and health in a social vision of preventive and curative medicine.
CONCLUSIONS
The theory of Cosmotellurism in Lombroso's work is not only a source of unquestionable interest in the History of Medicine. The heritage of Medical Geography within the pre-bacteriological medical culture can continue with its teachings to correctly address the clinician's thinking even in the current historical context in which endemic and epidemic pathologies re-emerge in various parts of the world. (www.actabiomedica.it).
Topics: Epidemiology; Geography, Medical; History, 19th Century; Humans; Meteorology
PubMed: 32191662
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i1.8635 -
European Review For Medical and... Nov 2022Cervical cancer (CC) is a preventable women's cancer. Vaccination and routine Pap smear screening have reduced cervical cancer-related mortality by 70-80% in the world....
OBJECTIVE
Cervical cancer (CC) is a preventable women's cancer. Vaccination and routine Pap smear screening have reduced cervical cancer-related mortality by 70-80% in the world. The eradication of CC depends on identifying the disease early and removing barriers to its timely detection. This review study was designed to determine diagnostic delay and factors related to delayed CC diagnosis in the world.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive search was carried out in databases including Medline, Web of Science, Core Collection (Indexes = SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A & HCI Timespan), and Scopus for articles published up to December 2021. Publications were included if they reported data on the delayed CC, and factors related to diagnosis of CC in women. There was no time restriction in this review.
RESULTS
In total, 45 articles were entered into the study. In studies, advanced stages of CC (IIB to IV) varied from 10.2% to 87.9% due to delayed diagnosis. A delayed CC diagnosis was reported in 4.3%-89.1% of patients. The median and mean days of delayed diagnosis were 59-210 days and 2.92-10.5 months, respectively. Factors related to delayed CC diagnosis were categorized into three components including patient, medical history, and health system delay. Patient delay included socio-demographic, husband/ partner, and knowledge. Medical history included medical issues, obstetrics, and family history. Health system delays included health facilities and levels of accessibility.
CONCLUSIONS
There is an urgent need to shorten the diagnostic journey of CC patients by addressing all the components of diagnostic delay and developing strategies to modify the factors associated with these delays.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Delayed Diagnosis; Vaccination; Obstetrics; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 36459029
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202211_30382 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... May 2024A woman in her seventies presented to the accident and emergency department (A&E) with shortness of breath that had increased over a period of three weeks. She had a...
BACKGROUND
A woman in her seventies presented to the accident and emergency department (A&E) with shortness of breath that had increased over a period of three weeks. She had a history of COPD, hypertension and polymyalgia rheumatica. A medication error involving methotrexate, used for autoimmune diseases, was discovered during her medical history review.
CASE PRESENTATION
The patient arrived with stable vital signs, including 94 % oxygen saturation and a respiratory rate of 20 breaths/min. She had been taking 2.5 mg of methotrexate daily for the past three weeks instead of the prescribed weekly dose of 15 mg. Other examinations revealed no alarming findings, except for a slightly elevated D-dimer level.
INTERPRETATION
Considering her medical history and exclusion of other differential diagnoses, methotrexate toxicity was suspected. The patient was admitted to the hospital and intravenous folinic acid was initiated as an antidote treatment. Five days later, the patient was discharged with an improvement in the shortness of breath. This case underscores the importance of effective communication in health care, particularly in complex cases like this, where understanding dosages and administration is crucial. Medical history, clinical examinations and medication reviews, often involving clinical pharmacists, are vital in the A&E to reveal medication errors.
Topics: Humans; Medication Errors; Female; Methotrexate; Aged; Dyspnea; Leucovorin; Antidotes; Antirheumatic Agents
PubMed: 38747669
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0657 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Rhinoplasty; Nasal Bone; Nasal Septum; Nasal Obstruction; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37551691
DOI: 10.1177/01455613231191015 -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Feb 2021
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; England; History, 20th Century; Humans; Neuromuscular Monitoring; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents
PubMed: 33246582
DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.10.020 -
The Journal of Manual & Manipulative... Feb 2021: To investigate the effect of the examination process (history taking and physical examination) on pain and function. : An observational cohort trial of patients... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
: To investigate the effect of the examination process (history taking and physical examination) on pain and function. : An observational cohort trial of patients presenting to outpatient physical therapy clinics for the first time with low back pain (n = 34, 57.7 ± 18.7 years, 53% female). A blinded investigator measured participants prior to the beginning of the initial evaluation and after each component of evaluation (history taking and physical examination). Another physical therapist provided normal history taking and physical examination as the patient case presented itself. Primary outcome measure was numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) for the low back and leg. Secondary outcomes and time during examination process and connection between PT and patient were also measured as potential confounders. : Participants showed a significant reduction in pain through just the history taking and physical exam for both the back with an NPRS reduction of 1.23 and the leg showing a 0.95 NPRS reduction. The most significant reduction occurs after history taking. : The evaluation process produced small, but significant, therapeutic effects related to pain, fear-avoidance, pain catastrophization, and functional measures of mobility and sensitivity. The therapist's report of connection with the patient did not alter the patient outcome.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Low Back Pain; Male; Medical History Taking; Middle Aged; Pain Measurement; Physical Examination; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32091317
DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2020.1730056 -
Cureus Jan 2024The ancient Egyptian pharaoh Senusret III was a legend to both his contemporaries and his descendants: an ideal of kingly power whose legacy of control and intimidation... (Review)
Review
The ancient Egyptian pharaoh Senusret III was a legend to both his contemporaries and his descendants: an ideal of kingly power whose legacy of control and intimidation was remembered for centuries. Of particular note is the unique macrotia that the king's statues display. In this paper, we discuss possible etiologies of Senusret's unique presentation and ultimately conclude that Senusret's immortalized features were likely rooted in propaganda rather than a medical cause.
PubMed: 38298316
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51467 -
Archives of Iranian Medicine Jul 2022Testing physicians and determining their professional qualifications have been significant issues in the educational and medical system of the Islamic civilization. The...
Testing physicians and determining their professional qualifications have been significant issues in the educational and medical system of the Islamic civilization. The purpose of this study is to explain the views of on how to test physicians in the book . This library study has been done with descriptive-analytical method and using the keywords of medical test, medical ethics and medical history. emphasizes various criteria by holding a comprehensive test to determine the competence of physicians with the aim of evaluating different aspects of their knowledge and attitude. He enumerates the provisions of the test in three sections: individual characteristics, theoretical and practical medical sections. The results show that paid attention to all aspects related to a doctor's personal and social habits and behavior and his relationship with the patients. A number of post- physicians have also mentioned to the test of physician before hiring them but their content does not have the coherence of statements. Most of the material mentioned in is still worth rethinking after hundreds of years. It is suggested that medical students and physicians use the ethical and professional points mentioned by this great scientist in his valuable book in order to make the high position of medical science more visible.
Topics: Humans; Male; Physicians; Ethics, Medical; Islam; Medicine
PubMed: 36404515
DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.77 -
Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Apr 2021Mucosal disease is one of the most common oral cavity diseases in children, among which mucosal erosion and ulceration account for about 50%. Oral mucosal erosion and... (Review)
Review
Mucosal disease is one of the most common oral cavity diseases in children, among which mucosal erosion and ulceration account for about 50%. Oral mucosal erosion and ulcer diseases in children are mostly acute with obvious pain, affecting speech, eating and swallowing. Some oral mucosal diseases are caused by infection and would result in epidemic among children. The onset age, sites, lesions size and quantity could vary, and some would have recurrence. The detailed medical history and comprehensive physical examination are necessary, some diseases can be diagnosed according to the medical history and clinical manifestations. If diagnosis can not be made, biopsy, blood test and immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry, molecular biology detection, gene diagnosis, tuberculin test and other tests should be considered, and further investigation of systemic diseases should also be carried out if necessary. In some cases, multidisciplinary consultation should be sought. For those who still have no abnormal findings, therapeutic diagnosis can be tried out or secondary biopsy should be performed. In this article, the research progress of oral mucosal diseases in children is reviewed and our own clinical experiences of oral erosive and ulcerative diseases in children are summarized.
Topics: Child; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
PubMed: 34137230
DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0122