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Polish Archives of Internal Medicine May 2022Obscure gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (OGIB) is defined as small bowel bleeding of unknown etiology after negative endoscopic evaluation including... (Review)
Review
Obscure gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (OGIB) is defined as small bowel bleeding of unknown etiology after negative endoscopic evaluation including esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy with endoscopic evaluation of the terminal ileum. The presentation of OGIB may be either overt or occult. The former refers to persistent or recurrent visible GI bleeding (eg, melena and / or hematochezia, and rarely hematemesis), while the latter indicates the presence of persistently positive results of fecal oc-cult blood testing, iron deficiency anemia, or both, without evidence of visible GI bleeding. This review focuses exclusively on obscure‑overt GI bleeding and presents entities that should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis in patients with this type of bleeding, as well as details the role of endoscopic and radiographic techniques in the evaluation and treatment.
Topics: Colonoscopy; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans
PubMed: 35635400
DOI: 10.20452/pamw.16253 -
Surgery Journal (New York, N.Y.) Jul 2021Gastric neuroendocrine tumor (gNET) is a rare carcinoid of the stomach whose incidence is increasing due to widespread use of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE)....
Gastric neuroendocrine tumor (gNET) is a rare carcinoid of the stomach whose incidence is increasing due to widespread use of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE). There are four types of gNETs with different management strategies and prognosis. Here, we present a patient who came with abdomen pain and intermittent melena. UGIE showed a sessile polyp in the stomach. The patient subsequently underwent polypectomy and was symptomatically relieved.
PubMed: 34295972
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731427 -
European Journal of Case Reports in... 2022Malignant melanoma with metastasis to the stomach is rare and seldom diagnosed before death. The most common gastrointestinal (GI) metastatic site is the small...
UNLABELLED
Malignant melanoma with metastasis to the stomach is rare and seldom diagnosed before death. The most common gastrointestinal (GI) metastatic site is the small intestine, followed by the colon, rectum and stomach. We present the case of a 55-year-old woman with a history of melanoma who presented with melena and syncope, and was found to have metastatic gastric melanoma.
LEARNING POINTS
It is important to consider gastric metastasis in patients with a history of melanoma who present with non-specific abdominal symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, melena/haematochezia, weight loss and anaemia.It is crucial to keep gastric melanoma metastasis as a differential diagnosis in a patient with melanoma due to its aggressive nature and poor prognosis if diagnosis is delayed.Appearances can vary greatly at endoscopy, and so immunohistochemistry is vital at histological work-up for the identification of gastric melanoma.
PubMed: 36506736
DOI: 10.12890/2022_003640 -
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental... 2022Diabetes is a growing pandemic affecting over ten percent of the U.S. population. Individuals with all types of diabetes exhibit glucose dysregulation due to altered... (Review)
Review
Diabetes is a growing pandemic affecting over ten percent of the U.S. population. Individuals with all types of diabetes exhibit glucose dysregulation due to altered function and coordination of pancreatic islets. Within the critical intercellular space in pancreatic islets, the primary cilium emerges as an important physical structure mediating cell-cell crosstalk and signal transduction. Many events leading to hormone secretion, including GPCR and second-messenger signaling, are spatiotemporally regulated at the level of the cilium. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of cilia action in islet hormone regulation and glucose homeostasis, focusing on newly implicated ciliary pathways that regulate insulin exocytosis and intercellular communication. We present evidence of key signaling proteins on islet cilia and discuss ways in which cilia might functionally connect islet endocrine cells with the non-endocrine compartments. These discussions aim to stimulate conversations regarding the extent of cilia-controlled glucose homeostasis in health and in metabolic diseases.
PubMed: 36531945
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1082193 -
Acta Gastro-enterologica Belgica 2023A 50-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with several episodes of melena in the last week. The patient was not hemodynamically compromised and was...
A 50-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with several episodes of melena in the last week. The patient was not hemodynamically compromised and was conservatively managed. Urgent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy showed no source of bleeding. Abdominal CT demonstrated three mural nodular lesions up to 2cm in the mid jejunum with hypervascular characteristics in arterial phase without active bleeding in venous phase. Angiography (Figure 1A) revealed three tumours with neo-angiogenesis and no active bleeding. Each lesion was stained with methylene blue and followed by embolization with coils. Exploratory laparotomy (Figure 1B) showed the three nodules marked by angiography. Intestinal resection of the affected segment was performed. Histopathological study proved the diagnosis of suspicion (Figure 2).
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Melena; Colonoscopy; Angiography; Abdomen
PubMed: 37428177
DOI: 10.51821/86.2.11669 -
The Journal of the American Osteopathic... Dec 2019
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Emphysema; Foreign Bodies; Gastritis; Humans; Male; Melena; Middle Aged; Pantoprazole; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31790130
DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2019.140