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The Science of the Total Environment Mar 2023Pesticide exposure has consistently been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) onset. Yet, fewer epidemiologic studies have examined whether pesticides influence PD...
BACKGROUND
Pesticide exposure has consistently been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) onset. Yet, fewer epidemiologic studies have examined whether pesticides influence PD motor and non-motor symptom progression.
OBJECTIVES
Using a geographic information system tool that integrates agricultural pesticide use reports and land use records to derive ambient exposures at residences and workplaces, we assessed associations between specific pesticides previously related to PD onset with PD symptom progression in two PD patient cohorts living in agricultural regions of California.
METHODS
We calculated the pounds of pesticide applied agriculturally near each participant's residential or occupational addresses from 1974 to the year of PD diagnosis, using a geographic information system tool that links the California Pesticide Use Reports database to land use data. We examined 53 pesticides selected a priori as they have previously been associated with PD onset. We longitudinally followed two PD patient cohorts (PEG1 N = 242, PEG2 N = 259) for an average of 5.0 years (SD ± 3.5) and 2.7 years (SD ± 1.6) respectively and assessed PD symptoms using the movement disorder specialist-administered Unified Parkinson's disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Weighted time-to-event regression models were implemented to estimate effects.
RESULTS
Ten agricultural pesticides, including copper sulfate (pentahydrate), 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) dimethylamine salt, tribufos, sodium cacodylate, methamidophos, ethephon, propargite, bromoxynil octanoate, monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), and dicamba, were associated with faster symptom progression. Among these pesticides, residential or workplace proximity to higher amounts of copper sulfate (pentahydrate) and MCPA (dimethylamine salt) was associated with all three progression endpoints (copper sulfate: HRs = 1.22-1.36, 95 % CIs = 1.03-1.73; MCPA: HRs = 1.27-1.35, 95 % CIs = 1.02-1.70).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that pesticide exposure may not only be relevant for PD onset but also PD progression phenotypes. We have implicated ten specific pesticide active ingredients in faster PD motor and non-motor decline.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; Pesticides; Copper Sulfate; 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid; Workplace; California
PubMed: 36526213
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160851 -
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Jul 2020Singular use of activity assays or staining dyes to assess pathogen agrochemical tolerance can underestimate tolerance if pesticides cause sublethal effects. We exposed...
Singular use of activity assays or staining dyes to assess pathogen agrochemical tolerance can underestimate tolerance if pesticides cause sublethal effects. We exposed Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, the aquatic life stage of this trematode that infects humans, to 4 insecticides at 5 concentrations using a 24-h time-to-death assay. We used Trypan blue dye, which stains dead tissue, and activity assays simultaneously to discriminate dead from live but paralyzed individuals. Whereas cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and dimethoate exposure did not affect cercariae at any ecologically relevant concentrations, methamidophos exposure increased survival of cercariae compared with those in the controls. This was because methamidophos-induced paralysis reduced cercarial activity and thus energy expenditures, extending the lifespan of this short-lived parasite that causes human schistosomiasis. These findings highlight that sublethal effects should be considered when pesticide effects on disease are under investigation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1421-1428. © 2020 SETAC.
Topics: Agrochemicals; Animals; Dimethoate; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Proportional Hazards Models; Schistosoma mansoni; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 32335939
DOI: 10.1002/etc.4732 -
Biomolecules Mar 2020Many bacteria have the potential to use specific pesticides as a source of carbon, phosphorous, nitrogen and sulphur. Acephate degradation by microbes is considered to...
Many bacteria have the potential to use specific pesticides as a source of carbon, phosphorous, nitrogen and sulphur. Acephate degradation by microbes is considered to be a safe and effective method. The overall aim of the present study was to identify acephate biodegrading microorganisms and to investigate the degradation rates of acephate under the stress of humic acid and most common metal ions Fe(III) and copper Cu(II). s strain ACP1 strain ACP2, and ACP3 were isolated from acephate contaminated soils. Acephate of concentration 100 ppm was incubated with separate strain inoculums and periodic samples were drawn for UV-visible, FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and MS (Mass Spectrometry) analysis. Methamidophos, S-methyl O-hydrogen phosphorothioamidate, phosphenothioic S-acid, and phosphenamide were the major metabolites formed during the degradation of acephate. The rate of degradation was applied using pseudo-first-order kinetics to calculate the half-life (t) values, which were 14.33-16.72 d (strain(s) + acephate), 18.81-21.50 d (strain(s) + acephate + Cu(II)), 20.06 -23.15 d (strain(s) + acephate + Fe(II)), and 15.05-17.70 d (strains + acephate + HA). The biodegradation efficiency of the three bacterial strains can be ordered as > > . The present study illustrated the decomposition mechanism of acephate under different conditions, and the same may be applied to the removal of other xenobiotic compounds.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Copper; Humic Substances; Iron; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Phosphoramides; Pseudomonas; Soil; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 32168777
DOI: 10.3390/biom10030433 -
Data in Brief Aug 2019or red palm weevil (RPW) is a destructive insect pest of major cultivated palms such as coconut, date and oil palm. One of the control management of RPW is trunk...
or red palm weevil (RPW) is a destructive insect pest of major cultivated palms such as coconut, date and oil palm. One of the control management of RPW is trunk injection using monocrotophos or methamidophos, but these chemicals are found to affect ecosystems and human health. Thus, we aimed to determine a bio-pesticide to replace these synthetic chemicals. We tested the antifeedant activity of three eugenol-based compounds as potential control agent against RPW larvae in vitro condition for two weeks. All these compounds show significant effect as feeding deterrent agent on 4th instar larvae, while WN16 (4-allyl-2-methoxy-1-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxy)-benzene) shows the highest feeding deterrent index (FDI = 64.42%). Here we present the data regarding the biological aspect on treated RPW larvae as well as antifeedant activity index of these eugenol derived compounds.
PubMed: 31367662
DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104227