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ACS Omega Nov 2023Currently, we report the preparation of transition metal complexes Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) of hydrazone Schiff base ligands, which are obtained by the condensation...
Currently, we report the preparation of transition metal complexes Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) of hydrazone Schiff base ligands, which are obtained by the condensation reaction of substituted salicylaldehyde and hydrazines. The synthesized hydrazone ligands and their metal complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-vis, nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR and C NMR), and mass spectrometry analyses. All of the quantum chemistry calculations were performed using DFT executed in the Gaussian 09 software package. The geometry was optimized by using the density functional theory (DFT) approximation at the B3LYP level with a basis set of 6-31G (d, p). There was excellent agreement between the FT-IR values obtained experimentally and those obtained theoretically for the test compounds. It is worth noting that none of the optimized geometries for any of the Schiff base and metal complexes had any eigenvalues that were negative, indicating that these geometries represent the true minimum feasible energy surfaces. We also analyzed the electrostatic potential of the molecule and NBO calculation at the same level of theory. Gauss View 6 was utilized for the file organization of the input data. Gauss View 6.0, Avogadro, and Chemcraft were used to determine the data. Additionally, synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (, ) and Gram-positive bacteria (, ) and two fungal strains (, ). These research findings have established the potential of ligands and their metal complexes as antimicrobial agents. Additionally, the compounds demonstrated promising nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, with potential applications across a wide range of contemporary technologies.
PubMed: 38024690
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05322 -
Polymers May 2023Natural polysaccharides are essential to a wide range of fields, including medicine, food, and cosmetics, for their various physiochemical and biological properties....
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Alginate/Carrageenan Crosslinked Biopolymer and Study of the Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Performance of Its Mn(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), and Cu(II) Polymeric Complexes.
Natural polysaccharides are essential to a wide range of fields, including medicine, food, and cosmetics, for their various physiochemical and biological properties. However, they still have adverse effects limiting their further applications. Consequently, possible structural modifications should be carried out on the polysaccharides for their valorization. Recently, polysaccharides complexed with metal ions have been reported to enhance their bioactivities. In this paper, we synthesized a new crosslinked biopolymer based on sodium alginate (AG) and carrageenan (CAR) polysaccharides. The biopolymer was then exploited to form complexes with different metal salts including MnCl·4HO, FeCl·6HO, NiCl·6HO, and CuCl·2HO. The four polymeric complexes were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity methods, and thermogravimetric analysis. The X-ray crystal structure of the Mn(II) complex is tetrahedral and belongs to the monoclinic crystal system with the space group P121/n1. The Fe(III) complex is octahedral and crystal data fit with the cubic crystal system with the space group Pm-3m. The Ni(II) complex is tetrahedral and crystal data correspond to the cubic crystal arrangement with the space group Pm-3m. The data estimated for the Cu(II) polymeric complex revealed that it is tetrahedral and belongs to the cubic system with the space group Fm-3m. The antibacterial study showed significant activity of all the complexes against both Gram-positive bacteria ( and ) and Gram-negative ( and ) pathogenic strains. Similarly, the various complexes revealed an antifungal activity against . The Cu(II) polymeric complex recorded a higher antimicrobial activity with an inhibitory zone reaching 4.5 cm against bacteria and the best antifungal effect of 4 cm. Furthermore, higher antioxidant values of the four complexes were obtained with DPPH scavenging activity varying from 73 to 94%. The two more biologically effective complexes were then selected for the viability cell assessments and in vitro anticancer assays. The polymeric complexes revealed excellent cytocompatibility with normal human breast epithelial cells (MCF10A) and a high anticancer potential with human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) which increase significantly in a dose-dependent manner.
PubMed: 37299310
DOI: 10.3390/polym15112511 -
BMC Ophthalmology Jul 2022The use of antibiotics preoperatively is effective to decrease the incidence of ocular bacterial infections but may lead to high resistance rate, especially on patients...
BACKGROUND
The use of antibiotics preoperatively is effective to decrease the incidence of ocular bacterial infections but may lead to high resistance rate, especially on patients with multi-risk clinical factors. This study systematically analyzed real-world data (RWD) of patients to reveal the association between clinical factors and conjunctival sac bacterial load and offer prophylaxis suggestions.
METHODS
We retrieved RWD of patients using levofloxacin eye drops (5 mL: 24.4 mg, 4 times a day for 3 days) preoperatively. Retrieved data included information on the conjunctival sac bacterial culture, sex, presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM), and history of hospital-based surgeries. Data was analyzed using SPSS 24.0.
RESULTS
RWD of 15,415 cases (patients) were retrieved. Among these patients, 5,866 (38.1%) were males and 9,549 (61.9%) females. 5,960 (38.7%) patients had a history of hypertension, and 3,493 (22.7%) patients had a history of DM. 7,555 (49.0%) patients had a history of hospital-based operations. There were 274 (1.8%) positive bacterial cultures. Male patients with hypertension and DM may be at increased risk of having positive bacterial cultures (P < 0.05). Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 56, 20.4%), Kocuria rosea (n = 37, 13.5%), and Micrococcus luteus (n = 32, 11.7%) were the top 3 isolated strains. Most bacterial strains were resistant to various antibiotics except rifampin, and 82.5% (33 of 40 isolates) of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates had multidrug antibiotic resistance. Numbers of culture-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates in the male group and non-DM group were greater than those in the female and DM groups, respectively. Micrococcus luteus (n = 11, 8.8%) was found less frequently in non-hypertension group than in hypertension group.
CONCLUSION
Sex (Male) and the presence of hypertension and DM are risk factors for greater conjunctival sac bacterial loads. We offer a prophylactic suggestion based on the combined use of levofloxacin and rifampin. However, this approach may aggravate risk of multidrug resistance.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cataract Extraction; Conjunctiva; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus; Levofloxacin; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Ophthalmic Solutions; Retrospective Studies; Rifampin; Staphylococcus epidermidis
PubMed: 35907940
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02544-2 -
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular... Oct 2022The insect cuticle is a key component of their success, being important for protection, communication, locomotion, and support. Conversely, as an exoskeleton, it also...
The insect cuticle is a key component of their success, being important for protection, communication, locomotion, and support. Conversely, as an exoskeleton, it also limits the size of the insect and must be periodically molted and a new one synthesized, to permit growth. To achieve this, the insect secretes a solution of chitinases, proteases and other proteins, known collectively as molting fluid, during each molting process to break down and recycle components of the old cuticle. Previous research has focused on the degradative enzymes in molting fluid and offered some characterization of their biochemical properties. However, identification of the specific proteins involved remained to be determined. We have used 2D SDS-PAGE and LC/MS-based proteomic analysis to identify proteins in the molting fluid of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, undergoing the larval to pupal molt. We categorized these proteins based on their proposed functions including chitin metabolism, proteases, peptidases, and immunity. This analysis complements previous reported work on M. sexta molting fluid and identifies candidate genes for enzymes involved in cuticle remodeling. Proteins classified as having an immune function highlight potential for molting fluid to act as an immune barrier to prevent infections during the cuticle degradation and ecdysis processes. Several proteins known to function in melanin synthesis as an immune response in hemolymph were present in molting fluid. We demonstrated that the bacterium Micrococcus luteus and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana can stimulate activation of phenoloxidase in molting fluid, indicating that the recognition proteins, protease cascade, and prophenoloxidase needed for melanin synthesis are present as a defense against infection during cuticle degradation. This analysis offers insights for proteins that may be important not only for molting in M. sexta but for insects in general.
Topics: Animals; Chitin; Chitinases; Endopeptidases; Insect Proteins; Larva; Manduca; Melanins; Molting; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Peptide Hydrolases; Proteomics; Pupa
PubMed: 36115517
DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103844 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Sep 2023()-induced endophthalmitis is very rare and and may present as either acute or chronic postoperative endophthalmitis. The aim of this study was to report a case of...
BACKGROUND
()-induced endophthalmitis is very rare and and may present as either acute or chronic postoperative endophthalmitis. The aim of this study was to report a case of delayed-onset -induced endophthalmitis that occurred several months after cataract surgery.
CASE SUMMARY
A 78-year-old man presented with decreased vision, pain and redness in the right eye that had begun 3 days prior. He had undergone cataract surgery 4 mo prior. Visual acuity was counting fingers; slit-lamp examination revealed conjunctival injection, posterior corneal precipitates, anterior chamber inflammation (cell 4+), and hypopyon. Fundus examination revealed moderate vitreous haze. Urgent vitrectomy was performed for suspected infectious endophthalmitis, followed by vitreous irrigation with injections of antibiotics. On the postoperative day 1, anterior chamber cell decreased to 2+ and hypopyon was not observed on slit lamp examination. Six days postoperatively, the patient had recurrent eye pain, and the anterior chamber cell grade increased to 4+; hypopyon recurred in the anterior chamber, and whitish plaque was observed in the lens capsule. Therefore, the patient underwent intraocular lens (IOL) and lens capsule removal, followed by vitreous irrigation, antibiotics injection, and vitrectomy. was identified from a lens capsule culture.
CONCLUSION
In cases of delayed-onset -induced endophthalmitis, early vitrectomy and removal of the IOL and lens capsule may be necessary.
PubMed: 37900232
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i27.6592 -
Parasites & Vectors Jul 2022Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods transmitting a wide range of pathogens to humans and animals. They also harbor a non-pathogenic microbiota, primarily in the...
BACKGROUND
Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods transmitting a wide range of pathogens to humans and animals. They also harbor a non-pathogenic microbiota, primarily in the ovaries and the midgut. In the previous study on Ixodes ricinus, we used a culture-independent approach and showed a diverse but quantitatively poor midgut bacterial microbiome. Our analysis also revealed the absence of a core microbiome, suggesting an environmental origin of the tick midgut microbiota.
METHODS
A bacterial analysis of the midgut of adult females collected by flagging from two localities in the Czech Republic was performed. Using the culture-independent approach, we tested the hypothesis that the midgut microbiome is of the environmental origin. We also cultured indigenous bacteria from the tick midgut and used these to feed ticks artificially in an attempt to manipulate the midgut microbiome.
RESULTS
The midgut showed a very low prevalence and abundance of culturable bacteria, with only 37% of ticks positive for bacteria. The culture-independent approach revealed the presence of Borrelia sp., Spiroplasma sp., Rickettsia sp., Midichloria sp. and various mainly environmental Gram-positive bacterial taxa. The comparison of ticks from two regions revealed that the habitat influenced the midgut bacterial diversity. In addition, the midgut of ticks capillary fed with the indigenous Micrococcus luteus (Gram-positive) and Pantoea sp. (Gram-negative) could not be colonized due to rapid and effective clearance of both bacterial taxa.
CONCLUSIONS
The midgut microbiome of I. ricinus is diverse but low in abundance, with the exception of tick-borne pathogens and symbionts. The environment impacts the diversity of the tick midgut microbiome. Ingested extracellular environmental bacteria are rapidly eliminated and are not able to colonize the gut. We hypothesize that bacterial elimination triggered in the midgut of unfed adult females is critical to maintain low microbial levels during blood-feeding.
Topics: Animals; Borrelia; Czech Republic; Female; Ixodes; Microbiota; Rickettsia
PubMed: 35810301
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05362-z -
The Journal of Animal Ecology Feb 2020Immunity and nutrition are two essential modulators of individual fitness. However, while the implications of immune function and nutrition on an individual's lifespan...
Immunity and nutrition are two essential modulators of individual fitness. However, while the implications of immune function and nutrition on an individual's lifespan and reproduction are well established, the interplay between feeding behaviour, infection and immune function remains poorly understood. Asking how ecological and physiological factors affect immune responses and resistance to infections is a central theme of eco-immunology. In this study, we used the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, to investigate how infection through septic injury modulates nutritional intake and how macronutrient balance affects survival to infection by the pathogenic Gram-positive bacterium Micrococcus luteus. Our results show that infected flies maintain carbohydrate intake, but reduce protein intake, thereby shifting from a protein-to-carbohydrate (P:C) ratio of ~1:4 to ~1:10 relative to non-infected and sham-infected flies. Strikingly, the proportion of flies dying after M. luteus infection was significantly lower when flies were fed a low-P high-C diet, revealing that flies shift their macronutrient intake as means of nutritional self-medication against bacterial infection. These results are likely due to the effects of the macronutrient balance on the regulation of the constitutive expression of innate immune genes, as a low-P high-C diet was linked to an upregulation in the expression of key antimicrobial peptides. Together, our results reveal the intricate relationship between macronutrient intake and resistance to infection and integrate the molecular cross-talk between metabolic and immune pathways into the framework of nutritional immunology.
Topics: Animals; Diet; Drosophila; Drosophila melanogaster; Immunity, Innate; Infections; Nutrients
PubMed: 31658371
DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13126 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2023Essential oils are highly concentrated natural extracts obtained from plants, rich in bioactive constituents with antimicrobial properties, but the distinctive climate...
Essential oils are highly concentrated natural extracts obtained from plants, rich in bioactive constituents with antimicrobial properties, but the distinctive climate of the Western Himalayan region influences the same. Aromatic and medicinal plants, viz., Origanum majorana, Origanum vulgare, Cymbopogon winterianus, Pelargonium graveolens, and Nepeta cataria were grown in the foothills of the Western Himalayan condition and evaluated for essential oil content, composition, and their effect on some of the most common pathogenic microorganisms. The essential oil content (%) was 0.77, 0.45, 1.37, 0.15 and 0.17% in O. majorana, O. vulgare, C. winterianus, P. graveolens, and N. cataria, respectively. The major essential oil constituents of the isolated oils were terpinen-4-ol, thymol, citronellal, citronellol, and nepetalactone, contributing 41.24%, 31.81%, 43.13%, 43.35% and 91.43% in O. majorana, O. vulgare, C. winterianus, P. graveolens, and N. cataria, respectively. Well-diffusion assay revealed that the essential oil of O. majorana and O. vulgare was active against both the tested Gram-positive, viz., Bacillus subtilis MTCC 121, Micrococcus luteus MTCC 2470, and Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96; and Gram-negative, viz., Escherichia coli MTCC 43, Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 109, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2453 bacteria, while the essential oil of C. winterianus, P. graveolens, and N. cataria showed activity against only some Gram-positive bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (v/v) values indicated the highest efficacy of O. majorana essential oil against B. subtilis (0.5%), M. luteus (1%), and S. aureus (1%), while O. vulgare was most efficient to E. coli (2%) and K. pneumoniae (2%). C. winterianus essential oil did not inhibit any bacterial strains. M. luteus was susceptible to the essential oil of P. graveolens (1%) and N. cataria (0.5%) at low concentrations. Present findings showed the association between the chemical constituents' profile of isolated essential oils from the Himalayan region and their antimicrobial activity, indicating their perspective to be utilized as antibacterial means.
Topics: Oils, Volatile; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Lamiaceae; Origanum; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 36966174
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31875-3 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Salmonellosis is a foodborne infection caused by Domestic poultry species are one of the main reservoirs of , which causes the foodborne infection salmonellosis, and...
Salmonellosis is a foodborne infection caused by Domestic poultry species are one of the main reservoirs of , which causes the foodborne infection salmonellosis, and are responsible for many cases of animal-to-human transmission. Keeping backyard chickens is now a growing trend, increasing the frequency of direct contact with the flock and, by consequence, the incidence of infections. KATMIRA1933 and B-1895 are probiotic bacilli that produce the bacteriocins subtilosin A and subtilin, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the two strains was determined against the reference strain ATCC 10420. The cell-free supernatant of KATMIRA1933 inhibited biofilm formation by subsp. serovar Hadar, subsp. serovar Enteritidis phage type 4, and subsp. serovar Thompson by 51.1, 48.3, and 56.9%, respectively. The cell-free supernatant of B-1895 inhibited the biofilm formation of these strains by 30.4, 28.6, and 35.5%, respectively. These findings suggest that the bacillus strains may have the potential to be used as probiotics and antibiotic alternatives for the control of in poultry. The number of planktonic cells was unaffected by treatment with the cell-free supernatant. A co-culture of the strains with either bacilli showed no signs of growth inhibition, suggesting that it might have been quorum sensing that is affected by the two strains.
PubMed: 33679639
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.615328 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2022The growing industrial and medical use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) requires environmentally friendly methods for their production using microbial biosynthesis. The...
The growing industrial and medical use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) requires environmentally friendly methods for their production using microbial biosynthesis. The ability of actinobacteria of the genus to synthesize AuNPs in the presence of chloroauric acid (HAuCl) was studied. The effect of elevated (0.8-3.2 mM) concentrations of HAuCl on bacterial viability, morphology, and intracellular accumulation of AuNPs by different species was shown. An increase in surface roughness, a shift of the zeta potential to the positive region, and the formation of cell aggregates of IEGM 766 and IEGM 1135 during nanoparticle synthesis were revealed as bacterial adaptations to toxic effects of HAuCl. The possibility to biosynthesize AuNPs at a five times higher concentration of chloroauric acid compared to chemical synthesis, for example, using the citrate method, suggests greater efficiency of the biological process using species. The main parameters of biosynthesized AuNPs (size, shape, surface roughness, and surface charge) were characterized using atomic force microscopy, dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, and also scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy-dispersive spectrometry. Synthesized by spherical AuNPs have smaller (30-120 nm) dimensions and are positively (12 mV) charged, unlike AuNPs isolated from cells (40-200 nm and -22 mV, respectively). Such differences in AuNPs size and surface charge are due to different biomolecules, which originated from cells and served as capping agents for nanoparticles. Biosynthesized AuNPs showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive () and Gram-negative () bacteria. Due to the positive charge and high dispersion, the synthesized by . AuNPs are promising for biomedicine, whereas the AuNPs formed by . IEGM 1135 are prone to aggregation and can be used for biotechnological enrichment of gold-bearing ores.
Topics: Gold; Metal Nanoparticles; Rhodococcus; Actinobacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Escherichia coli
PubMed: 36361740
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112939