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Nutrients Apr 2022To evaluate the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 lockdown on dietary habits, body weight, left hepatic lobe volume, use of micronutrient supplements, micronutrient status,...
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 lockdown on dietary habits, body weight, left hepatic lobe volume, use of micronutrient supplements, micronutrient status, frequency of physical activity, and evolution of comorbidities in patients undergoing preoperative care for BS.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We prospectively evaluated the dietary habits (including use of micronutrient supplements and frequency of physical activity) of 36 patients who were candidates for BS from March to May 2020; 7-day food dietary records, body weight, left hepatic lobe volume by ultrasound, micronutrient status, and evolution of comorbidities were assessed.
RESULTS
All patients completed the study. Of the participants, 44.4% (16/36), 47.2% (17/36), and 27.8% (10/36) followed the preoperative indications for vegetables, fruits, and legumes, respectively, whereas over 50% did not. Furthermore, 30.6% (11/36) and 55.6% (20/36) of participants followed the prescribed recommendations for carbohydrates/sweets products and alcohol, respectively. A total of 61.1% (22/36) of participants experienced new foods and new culinary preparations. In addition, at the time of the study, we found that only 11.1% (4/36) were engaged in prescribed physical activity and only 36.1% (13/36) were taking prescribed micronutrient supplements. Compared to the initial weight, we observed an increased body weight and body mass index (+4.9%, = 0.115; +1.89%, = 0.0692, respectively), and no improvement in left hepatic lobe volume, micronutrient status, or comorbidities was recorded for any patient in the anamnesis.
CONCLUSIONS
Lockdown determined by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has negatively affected the preoperative program of BS candidates, resulting in a postponement to the resumption of bariatric surgical activity.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; COVID-19; Communicable Disease Control; Humans; Micronutrients; Obesity, Morbid; Preoperative Care; SARS-CoV-2; Trace Elements
PubMed: 35406101
DOI: 10.3390/nu14071488 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Mar 2024Through diverse roles, zinc determines a greater number of critical life functions than any other single micronutrient. Beyond the well-recognized importance of zinc for... (Review)
Review
Through diverse roles, zinc determines a greater number of critical life functions than any other single micronutrient. Beyond the well-recognized importance of zinc for child growth and resistance to infections, zinc has numerous specific roles covering the regulation of glucose metabolism, and growing evidence links zinc deficiency with increased risk of diabetes and cardiometabolic disorders. Zinc nutriture is, thus, vitally important to health across the life course. Zinc deficiency is also one of the most common forms of micronutrient malnutrition globally. A clearer estimate of the burden of health disparity attributable to zinc deficiency in adulthood and later life emerges when accounting for its contribution to global elevated fasting blood glucose and related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Yet progress attenuating its prevalence has been limited due, in part, to the lack of sensitive and specific methods to assess human zinc status. This narrative review covers recent developments in our understanding of zinc's role in health, the impact of the changing climate and global context on zinc intake, novel functional biomarkers showing promise for monitoring population-level interventions, and solutions for improving population zinc intake. It aims to spur on implementation of evidence-based interventions for preventing and controlling zinc deficiency across the life course. Increasing zinc intake and combating global zinc deficiency requires context-specific strategies and a combination of complementary, evidence-based interventions, including supplementation, food fortification, and food and agricultural solutions such as biofortification, alongside efforts to improve zinc bioavailability. Enhancing dietary zinc content and bioavailability through zinc biofortification is an inclusive nutrition solution that can benefit the most vulnerable individuals and populations affected by inadequate diets to the greatest extent.
Topics: Child; Humans; Food, Fortified; Malnutrition; Nutritional Status; Trace Elements; Zinc; Micronutrients
PubMed: 38280724
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100181 -
PloS One 2022Older adult populations are at risk for zinc deficiency, which may predispose them to immune dysfunction and age-related chronic inflammation that drives myriad diseases...
Older adult populations are at risk for zinc deficiency, which may predispose them to immune dysfunction and age-related chronic inflammation that drives myriad diseases and disorders. Recent work also implicates the gut microbiome in the onset and severity of age-related inflammation, indicating that dietary zinc status and the gut microbiome may interact to impact age-related host immunity. We hypothesize that age-related alterations in the gut microbiome contribute to the demonstrated zinc deficits in host zinc levels and increased inflammation. We tested this hypothesis with a multifactor two-part study design in a C57BL/6 mouse model. The two studies included young (2 month old) and aged (24 month old) mice fed either (1) a zinc adequate or zinc supplemented diet, or (2) a zinc adequate or marginal zinc deficient diet, respectively. Overall microbiome composition did not significantly change with zinc status; beta diversity was driven almost exclusively by age effects. Microbiome differences due to age are evident at all taxonomic levels, with more than half of all taxonomic units significantly different. Furthermore, we found 150 out of 186 genera were significantly different between the two age groups, with Bacteriodes and Parabacteroides being the primary taxa of young and old mice, respectively. These data suggest that modulating individual micronutrient concentrations does not lead to comprehensive microbiome shifts, but rather affects specific components of the gut microbiome. However, a phylogenetic agglomeration technique (ClaaTU) revealed phylogenetic clades that respond to modulation of dietary zinc status and inflammation state in an age-dependent manner. Collectively, these results suggest that a complex interplay exists between host age, gut microbiome composition, and dietary zinc status.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Zinc; Micronutrients; Phylogeny; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microbiota; Trace Elements; Disease Models, Animal; Dietary Supplements; Inflammation
PubMed: 36534653
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275352 -
Nutrients Feb 2021Hypertension (HT) is one of the pivotal risk factors for various detrimental diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cerebrovascular disease, and renal... (Review)
Review
Hypertension (HT) is one of the pivotal risk factors for various detrimental diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cerebrovascular disease, and renal dysfunction. Currently, many researchers are paying immense attention to various diet formula (dietary approach) with a special focus on micro and macronutrients along with modified lifestyle and standard anti-hypertensive drugs. Micronutrients (minerals/vitamins) play a central role in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) as they aid the function of macronutrients and also improve the anti-hypertensive functions of some anti-hypertensive agents. Even though several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of micronutrients on controlling BP, still some ambiguity exists among the nutritionists/doctors, which combination or individual mineral (dietary approach) contributes to better BP regulation. Therefore, this critical review article was attempted to delineate the underlying role of micronutrients (minerals and vitamins) for the management and prevention or delaying of HT and their related complications with strong affirmation from clinical trials as well as its mechanism of controlling BP. Moreover, the major source and recommended daily allowance (RDA) of various micronutrients are included in this review for guiding common readers (especially HT subjects) and dieticians to choose/recommend a better micronutrient and their combinations (other nutrients and standard anti-hypertensive drugs) for lowering the risk of HT and its related co-morbid conditions like CVDs.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Hypertension; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Micronutrients; Minerals; Recommended Dietary Allowances; Risk Factors; Trace Elements; Vitamins
PubMed: 33578935
DOI: 10.3390/nu13020588 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2024Iron is a vital trace element that plays an important role in humans and other organisms. It plays an active role in the growth, development, and reproduction of... (Review)
Review
Iron is a vital trace element that plays an important role in humans and other organisms. It plays an active role in the growth, development, and reproduction of bacteria, such as . Iron deficiency or excess can negatively affect bacterial hosts. Studies have reported a major role of iron in the human intestine, which is necessary for maintaining body homeostasis and intestinal barrier function. Organisms can maintain their normal activities and regulate some cancer cells in the body by regulating iron excretion and iron-dependent ferroptosis. In addition, iron can modify the interaction between hosts and microorganisms by altering their growth and virulence or by affecting the immune system of the host. Lactic acid bacteria such as ), (), and () were reported to increase trace elements, protect the host intestinal barrier, mitigate intestinal inflammation, and regulate immune function. This review article focuses on the two aspects of the iron and gut and generally summarizes the mechanistic role of iron ions in intestinal immunity and the remodeling of gut microbiota.
Topics: Humans; Iron; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Trace Elements; Homeostasis; Ions; Lactobacillus acidophilus
PubMed: 38255801
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020727 -
Nutrients Nov 2023The relationship between dietary patterns and the malnutrition-inflammation-frailty complex in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) is currently unknown. Our...
BACKGROUND
The relationship between dietary patterns and the malnutrition-inflammation-frailty complex in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) is currently unknown. Our objective was to measure dietary nutrient intake and evaluate its association with malnutrition, inflammation, and frailty.
METHODS
We prospectively recruited adult PD patients. We assessed their dietary nutrient intake using a food frequency questionnaire. Frailty, malnutrition, and inflammation were evaluated by validated Frailty Score (FQ), Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), and Malnutrition-Inflammation Score (MIS).
RESULTS
A total of 209 patients were recruited for the study. Among them, 89 patients (42.6%) had an insufficient protein intake, and 104 patients (49.8%) had an insufficient energy intake. Additionally, 127 subjects were identified as frail, characterized by being older (61.9 ± 9.5 vs. 55.6 ± 12.8, < 0.001), malnourished (SGA: 21.0 ± 2.7 vs. 22.7 ± 3.1, < 0.001), and having a high inflammation burden (MIS: 10.55 ± 3.72 vs. 7.18 ± 3.61, < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between dietary zinc intake and body mass index (r = 0.31, < 0.001), SGA (r = 0.22, = 0.01), and MIS (r = -0.22, = 0.01). In the multivariate model, a higher dietary zinc intake predicted a higher SGA (beta 0.03, = 0.003) and lower FQ (beta -0.38, < 0.001) and MIS (beta -0.14, < 0.001), indicating a better nutrition, less frail and inflamed state. A higher dietary zinc intake was also associated with a lower odds of being frail (adjusted odds ratio 0.96, = 0.009).
CONCLUSION
Dietary inadequacy and micronutrient deficiency are common among the PD population. Dietary zinc intake is independently associated with an improved nutrition, physical condition, and reduced inflammatory state.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Micronutrients; Frailty; Malnutrition; Nutritional Status; Peritoneal Dialysis; Inflammation; Eating; Trace Elements; Zinc
PubMed: 38068792
DOI: 10.3390/nu15234934 -
Nutrients May 2022Including biomarkers of micronutrient status in existing or planned national surveys or surveillance systems is a critical step in improving capacity to promote, design,...
Including biomarkers of micronutrient status in existing or planned national surveys or surveillance systems is a critical step in improving capacity to promote, design, monitor, and evaluate micronutrient policies and programs. We aimed to identify the barriers to and enablers of the inclusion of micronutrient biomarker assessment in national surveys and surveillance systems, to identify the main challenges faced during the survey process, and to review experiences using existing platforms for micronutrient surveys. We conducted a series of key informant interviews with in-country and external representatives from six countries where national-level data on micronutrient status were collected in the past 5 years: Cambodia, Pakistan, Malawi, Uganda, Ghana, and Uzbekistan. Micronutrients associated with specific public health programs were always prioritized for inclusion in the survey. If funding, time, and/or logistics allowed, other considered micronutrients were also included. The most important and frequently reported barrier to inclusion of a more comprehensive panel of micronutrient biomarkers was inadequate funding to cover the laboratory analysis cost for all micronutrients considered at the planning stage. Government support and commitment was stressed as the most important enabling factor by all key informants. Advocacy for funding for micronutrient status assessment is needed.
Topics: Biomarkers; Developing Countries; Government; Micronutrients; Trace Elements
PubMed: 35631149
DOI: 10.3390/nu14102009 -
Nutrients Dec 2022Large variability exists in ingredient selection and preparation of home prepared infant purees and there is a lack of data on nutritional quality in comparison to...
Large variability exists in ingredient selection and preparation of home prepared infant purees and there is a lack of data on nutritional quality in comparison to commercially prepared purees. This work had two aims. Study 1 compared the nutritional value of commercially prepared and home prepared infant purees. Food profiles from national food composition databases were used as a proxy for home prepared puree and served as the benchmark for the commercially prepared infant purees. Study 2 focused on a subset of produce that underwent molecular weight analysis to determine differences in carbohydrate profiles. Eighty-eight percent of the measurable micronutrients fell within or above the home prepared norm range with micronutrients falling below the range explained by differences in soil and growing conditions. Physicochemical characterization showed similar carbohydrate profiles with >90% of the carbohydrate fraction in the water extract constituted by low molecular weight sugars for purees produced with home preparation and commercial preparation. The estimated glycemic load (eGL) showed comparable potential impact on blood sugar levels with all purees having a low eGL (<10 glucose equivalent). In conclusion, these data suggest that both preparations provide similar micronutrient density and carbohydrate profiles.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Vegetables; Micronutrients; Fruit; Trace Elements; Glucose
PubMed: 36615703
DOI: 10.3390/nu15010045 -
Nutrients Feb 2022Copper is an essential trace metal element that significantly affects human physiology and pathology by regulating various important biological processes, including... (Review)
Review
Copper is an essential trace metal element that significantly affects human physiology and pathology by regulating various important biological processes, including mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, iron mobilization, connective tissue crosslinking, antioxidant defense, melanin synthesis, blood clotting, and neuron peptide maturation. Increasing lines of evidence obtained from studies of cell culture, animals, and human genetics have demonstrated that dysregulation of copper metabolism causes heart disease, which is the leading cause of mortality in the US. Defects of copper homeostasis caused by perturbed regulation of copper chaperones or copper transporters or by copper deficiency resulted in various types of heart disease, including cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and diabetes mellitus cardiomyopathy. This review aims to provide a timely summary of the effects of defective copper homeostasis on heart disease and discuss potential underlying molecular mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Cardiomegaly; Copper; Heart Failure; Homeostasis; Trace Elements
PubMed: 35277059
DOI: 10.3390/nu14030700 -
Nutrients Jun 2021Life expectancy as a measure of population health does not reflect years of healthy life. The average life expectancy in the Asia-Pacific region has more than doubled... (Review)
Review
Life expectancy as a measure of population health does not reflect years of healthy life. The average life expectancy in the Asia-Pacific region has more than doubled since 1900 and is now above 70 years. In the Asia-Pacific region, the proportion of aged people in the population is expected to double between 2017 and 2050. Increased life expectancy leads to an increase in non-communicable diseases, which consequently affects quality of life. Suboptimal nutritional status is a contributing factor to the prevalence and severity of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular, cognitive, musculoskeletal, immune, metabolic and ophthalmological functions. We have reviewed the published literature on nutrition and healthy ageing as it applies to the Asia-Pacific region, focusing on vitamins, minerals/trace elements and omega-3 fatty acids. Optimal nutritional status needs to start before a senior age is reached and before the consequences of the disease process are irreversible. Based on the nutritional status and health issues in the senior age in the region, micronutrients of particular importance are vitamins A, D, E, C, B-12, zinc and omega-3 fatty acids. The present paper substantiates the creation of micronutrient guidelines and proposes actions to support the achievement of optimal nutritional status as contribution to healthy ageing for Asia-Pacific populations.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Asia, Southeastern; Dietary Supplements; Elder Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Humans; Life Expectancy; Male; Micronutrients; Minerals; Noncommunicable Diseases; Nutrition Policy; Nutritional Status; Population Health; Quality of Life; Trace Elements; Vitamins
PubMed: 34209491
DOI: 10.3390/nu13072222