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Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 2021Microneedle-based microdevices promise to expand the scope for delivery of vaccines and therapeutic agents through the skin and withdrawing biofluids for point-of-care... (Review)
Review
Microneedle-based microdevices promise to expand the scope for delivery of vaccines and therapeutic agents through the skin and withdrawing biofluids for point-of-care diagnostics - so-called theranostics. Unskilled and painless applications of microneedle patches for blood collection or drug delivery are two of the advantages of microneedle arrays over hypodermic needles. Developing the necessary microneedle fabrication processes has the potential to dramatically impact the health care delivery system by changing the landscape of fluid sampling and subcutaneous drug delivery. Microneedle designs which range from sub-micron to millimetre feature sizes are fabricated using the tools of the microelectronics industry from metals, silicon, and polymers. Various types of subtractive and additive manufacturing processes have been used to manufacture microneedles, but the development of microneedle-based systems using conventional subtractive methods has been constrained by the limitations and high cost of microfabrication technology. Additive manufacturing processes such as 3D printing and two-photon polymerization fabrication are promising transformative technologies developed in recent years. The present article provides an overview of microneedle systems applications, designs, material selection, and manufacturing methods.
PubMed: 34621614
DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.77 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022The field of terahertz and millimeter wave science and technology has evolved in recent years into an area attracting a lot of attention from all sides of science,...
The field of terahertz and millimeter wave science and technology has evolved in recent years into an area attracting a lot of attention from all sides of science, industry, and the public [...].
Topics: Technology
PubMed: 36560062
DOI: 10.3390/s22249693 -
IScience Mar 2020Advances in microfabrication technologies and biomaterials have enabled a growing class of electronic devices that can stimulate and record bioelectronic signals. Many... (Review)
Review
Advances in microfabrication technologies and biomaterials have enabled a growing class of electronic devices that can stimulate and record bioelectronic signals. Many of these devices have been developed for humans or vertebrate animals, where miniaturization allows for implantation within the body. There are, however, another class of bioelectronic interfaces that exploit microfabrication and nanoelectronics to record signals from tiny, millimeter-sized organisms. In these cases, rather than implanting a device inside an animal, animals themselves are loaded in large numbers into bioelectronic devices for neural circuit and behavioral interrogation. These scalable interfaces provide platforms to develop new therapeutics as well as better understand basic principles of bioelectronic communication, neuroscience, and behavior. Here we review recent progress in these bioelectronic technologies and describe how they can complement on-chip optical, mechanical, and chemical interrogation methods to achieve high-throughput, multimodal studies of millimeter-sized small animals.
PubMed: 32114383
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100917 -
EFORT Open Reviews Jun 2019Glenoid exposure should offer frontal access to the glenoid to allow the ancillary tools to be used freely and thus facilitate the good positioning of the glenoid... (Review)
Review
Glenoid exposure should offer frontal access to the glenoid to allow the ancillary tools to be used freely and thus facilitate the good positioning of the glenoid implant.The two classically recognized approaches for shoulder arthroplasty are the deltopectoral and the transdeltoid approach.The axillary nerve is the most important anatomical structure in the glenoid, passing down the anterior part of the subscapularis, the inferior pole of the joint and the deep face of the deltoid muscle.Inferior glenohumeral release is the key step that allows the humerus to be retracted back or downwards thereby exposing the glenoid face on.In difficult and stiff cases, once pectoralis major release, osteophyte resection and posterior capsulectomy have been performed, a compression fracture, produced by using a retractor to push against the upper extremity of the humerus, can provide the extra few millimetres of space required to use the ancillary tools without hindrance. Cite this article: 2019;4 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180057.
PubMed: 31312516
DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180057 -
Fertility and Sterility Apr 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33715872
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.01.037 -
BME Frontiers 2023Millimeter-scale animals such as , larvae, zebrafish, and bees serve as powerful model organisms in the fields of neurobiology and neuroethology. Various methods exist... (Review)
Review
Millimeter-scale animals such as , larvae, zebrafish, and bees serve as powerful model organisms in the fields of neurobiology and neuroethology. Various methods exist for recording large-scale electrophysiological signals from these animals. Existing approaches often lack, however, real-time, uninterrupted investigations due to their rigid constructs, geometric constraints, and mechanical mismatch in integration with soft organisms. The recent research establishes the foundations for 3-dimensional flexible bioelectronic interfaces that incorporate microfabricated components and nanoelectronic function with adjustable mechanical properties and multidimensional variability, offering unique capabilities for chronic, stable interrogation and stimulation of millimeter-scale animals and miniature tissue constructs. This review summarizes the most advanced technologies for electrophysiological studies, based on methods of 3-dimensional flexible bioelectronics. A concluding section addresses the challenges of these devices in achieving freestanding, robust, and multifunctional biointerfaces.
PubMed: 38435343
DOI: 10.34133/bmef.0034 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2021Electromagnetic energy is the backbone of wireless communication systems, and its progressive use has resulted in impacts on a wide range of biological systems. The... (Review)
Review
Electromagnetic energy is the backbone of wireless communication systems, and its progressive use has resulted in impacts on a wide range of biological systems. The consequences of electromagnetic energy absorption on plants are insufficiently addressed. In the agricultural area, electromagnetic-wave irradiation has been used to develop crop varieties, manage insect pests, monitor fertilizer efficiency, and preserve agricultural produce. According to different frequencies and wavelengths, electromagnetic waves are typically divided into eight spectral bands, including audio waves, radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. In this review, among these electromagnetic waves, effects of millimeter waves, ultraviolet, and gamma rays on plants are outlined, and their response mechanisms in plants through proteomic approaches are summarized. Furthermore, remarkable advancements of irradiating plants with electromagnetic waves, especially ultraviolet, are addressed, which shed light on future research in the electromagnetic field.
Topics: Electromagnetic Radiation; Gamma Rays; Light; Microwaves; Plants; Proteome; Proteomics; Radio Waves; Ultraviolet Rays; X-Rays
PubMed: 34830127
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212239 -
Heliyon Nov 2022Millimeter wave path loss modeling is essential for reliable system design and accurate link budget calculations. The motivation for this research is that channel... (Review)
Review
Millimeter wave path loss modeling is essential for reliable system design and accurate link budget calculations. The motivation for this research is that channel modeling in 5G millimeter wave propagation in an indoor environment is a current research topic in which capacity differences have been noticed as a result of different models being utilized. Existing models for future millimeter wave propagation must be tested and improved in order to aid link design. The improvements in the path loss models will allow engineers and researchers to budget for 5G wireless networks with better quality in an indoor environment. In this paper, we discuss the survey of indoor environment undertaking for both line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS) scenarios as well as the comparison of path loss performance analysis of the three commonly used models: Close-In (CI) free space reference model, Floating Intercept (FI), and Alpha-Beta-Gamma (ABG) models at some selected frequencies. The review looked at how to determine efficient path loss models which is a major challenge in millimeter wave propagation. The paper also focuses on the measurement work done in millimeter wave research in interior environments. The analysis of path loss and shadow fading in different frequency bands are presented. The researchers whose publications were examined for this study used a range of methodologies to forecast path loss models and propagation parameters of millimeter wave communication channel. This will help design engineers and researchers calculate budgets for a suitable 5G and even forecasted 6G wireless network in an inside environment. Another purpose of this paper is to get a thorough understanding of the best route loss model, especially for interior situations, and to improve it in future research to provide a better line of fit and simplicity among the three fundamental path loss models: CI, ABG, and FI. In both LOS and NLOS scenarios, the study found that the CI free space reference model and the FI path loss models are the best path loss models for indoor millimeter wave propagation. Future research will focus on how to improve the appropriate model for path loss model estimate in both LOS and NLOS situations in an indoor environment with the best line of fit and the easiest implementation.
PubMed: 36406713
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11581