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Eye & Contact Lens Aug 2023Demodex blepharitis is a common disease of the eyelid, affecting approximately 25 million Americans. This article reviews what is known about the mechanisms and impact... (Review)
Review
Demodex blepharitis is a common disease of the eyelid, affecting approximately 25 million Americans. This article reviews what is known about the mechanisms and impact of Demodex blepharitis, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnostic techniques, current management options, and emerging treatments. Demodex mites contribute to blepharitis in several ways: direct mechanical damage, as a vector for bacteria, and by inducing hypersensitivity and inflammation. Risk factors for Demodex blepharitis include increasing age, rosacea, and diabetes. The costs, symptom burden, and psychosocial effects of Demodex blepharitis are considerable. The presence of collarettes is pathognomonic for Demodex blepharitis. Redness, dryness, discomfort, foreign body sensation, lash anomalies, and itching are also hallmarks of the disease. Although a number of oral, topical, eyelid hygiene and device-based options have been used clinically and evaluated in studies for the management of Demodex blepharitis, none have been FDA approved to treat the disease. Recent randomized controlled clinical trials suggest that lotilaner ophthalmic solution, 0.25%, is a topical treatment with the potential to eradicate Demodex mites and eliminate collarettes and eyelid redness for an extended period.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mite Infestations; Mites; Blepharitis; Eyelids; Inflammation; Eyelashes; Eye Infections, Parasitic
PubMed: 37272680
DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000001003 -
Parasitology Research Mar 2024Scabies is an itchy skin disease caused by the burrowing mite Sarcoptes scabiei. During their lifespan, the female mites invade the stratum corneum and create tunnels,... (Review)
Review
Scabies is an itchy skin disease caused by the burrowing mite Sarcoptes scabiei. During their lifespan, the female mites invade the stratum corneum and create tunnels, in which they reside, move, feed, deposit fecal pellets, and lay eggs. Recently, scabies was included in the World Health Organization roadmap for neglected tropical diseases 2021-2030. This review attempts to summarize our knowledge about the mite's biology and the disease pathogenesis, pathological changes, and complications. Generally, the host-parasite interaction in scabies is highly complex and involves different mechanisms, some of which are yet largely unknown. Elucidation of the nature of such interaction as well as the underlying mechanisms could allow a better understanding of the mite's biology and the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic options for scabies control programs. Moreover, identification of the molecular basis of such interaction could unveil novel targets for acaricidal agents and vaccines.
Topics: Female; Animals; Scabies; Sarcoptes scabiei; Acaricides; Eggs; Epidermis
PubMed: 38433167
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08173-6 -
Clinical & Experimental Optometry Apr 2021Demodex is the most common parasite living on humans and yet little is understood about its pathogenicity with respect to the ocular surface. An increasing interest in... (Review)
Review
Demodex is the most common parasite living on humans and yet little is understood about its pathogenicity with respect to the ocular surface. An increasing interest in Demodex over the past 20-years has increased our understanding of this mite and its pathogenetic role. This article begins with a review of the anatomy, life cycle, mode of transmission and advances in genetics that can distinguish between Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis, the only two Demodex species in humans. Additionally, a review of diagnostic procedures and existing and emerging ocular and systemic management options are presented. Despite the increasing interest in Demodex in the literature, there remains numerous obstacles for future studies, hence a section of this review is dedicated to the identification and proposal for future considerations. The lack of uniformity with respect to terminology, diagnostic technique and management approach for Demodex remain as obstacles for future study comparisons. This review summarised the current knowledge on Demodex and hopes to offer some recommendations for future directions in the study of Demodex in humans.
Topics: Animals; Blepharitis; Eye Diseases; Humans; Mite Infestations; Mites
PubMed: 32885484
DOI: 10.1111/cxo.13123 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Aug 2021
Topics: Animals; Mite Infestations; Mites
PubMed: 34652402
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182021000400555 -
Journal of Vector Borne Diseases 2023Mites act as the vectors of zoonotic vector-borne disease scrub typhus caused by the rickettsial pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi. In India, scrub typhus is transmitted... (Review)
Review
Mites act as the vectors of zoonotic vector-borne disease scrub typhus caused by the rickettsial pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi. In India, scrub typhus is transmitted by the mite Leptotrombidium deliense. Rodents are the reservoirs and support the spread of this disease. Sarcoptes scabiei or the itch mite is causing scabies which is a common skin infection in India. Dermatitis, trombiculosis, and mite dust allergy are common mite-borne diseases transmitted by Pyemotidae family. D. brevis folliculorum and Demodex brevis are two major mite species found on humans also causing a disease; "Demodicosis", common in India. Dermanyssus gallinae, fowl mite causes pruritis in poultry birds, transmits infections to poultry workers when they come into contact with birds. There is a re-emergence of mite-borne diseases, especially scrub typhus, in many parts of India requiring urgent attention for its control. This review is aimed to update the available information on mites and mite transmitted diseases prevalent in India to highlight the importance of rodent and chigger mite vector control to prevent forthcoming mite-borne diseases in India.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Scrub Typhus; Orientia tsutsugamushi; Trombiculidae; Rodentia; India
PubMed: 37026214
DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.361175 -
Archives of Razi Institute Nov 2021mite is one of the most dangerous bee parasites and causes a lot of damage to the beekeeping industry. Several chemical and herbal medicines have been used to control...
mite is one of the most dangerous bee parasites and causes a lot of damage to the beekeeping industry. Several chemical and herbal medicines have been used to control this mite so far. In this study, the effects of and prescription to control mite were investigated. To this end, a total of 380 bee colonies in 5 areas in Kazakhstan were considered. The bitter wormwood herbs and Hypericum extracts were mixed in a ratio of 1:1, and then, prepared in a ratio of 1:10 with sugar syrup (100 ml infusion per 1 liter of sugar syrup). An amount of 200 ml of the prepared solution was used for 5-7 days per colony after medical collection and honey pumping. The percentage of mite infestation at the beginning and end of the experimental period, which was spring, summer, and autumn, and the number of worker mites and worker bees were determined daily. At the beginning of the experiment, the percentage of mite infestation in the experimental hives was not significantly different; however, at the end of the experiment, there was a significant difference between the experimental treatments. The use of a mixture of and extract significantly reduced the abundance index of mite to 0. Due to the adverse effects of chemical drugs and their high cost, it is recommended to use this extract to control mite contamination.
Topics: Animals; Beekeeping; Bees; Kazakhstan; Seasons; Varroidae
PubMed: 35355775
DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.355621.1704 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Mites have been a persistent infectious disease affecting both humans and animals since ancient times. In veterinary clinics, the primary approach for treating and... (Review)
Review
Mites have been a persistent infectious disease affecting both humans and animals since ancient times. In veterinary clinics, the primary approach for treating and managing mite infestations has long been the use of chemical acaricides. However, the widespread use of these chemicals has resulted in significant problems, including drug resistance, drug residues, and environmental pollution, limiting their effectiveness. To address these challenges, researchers have shifted their focus towards natural products that have shown promise both in the laboratory and real-world settings against mite infestations. Natural products have a wide variety of chemical structures and biological activities, including acaricidal properties. This article offers a comprehensive review of the acaricidal capabilities and mechanisms of action of natural products like plant extracts, natural compounds, algae, and microbial metabolites against common animal mites.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Acaricides; Biological Products; Tick Control; Mites; Mite Infestations
PubMed: 37836661
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196818 -
Trends in Parasitology Jul 2020The parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, has shaken the beekeeping and pollination industries since its spread from its native host, the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana), to... (Review)
Review
The parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, has shaken the beekeeping and pollination industries since its spread from its native host, the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana), to the naïve European honey bee (Apis mellifera) used commercially for pollination and honey production around the globe. Varroa is the greatest threat to honey bee health. Worrying observations include increasing acaricide resistance in the varroa population and sinking economic treatment thresholds, suggesting that the mites or their vectored viruses are becoming more virulent. Highly infested weak colonies facilitate mite dispersal and disease transmission to stronger and healthier colonies. Here, we review recent developments in the biology, pathology, and management of varroa, and integrate older knowledge that is less well known.
Topics: Acaricides; Animals; Bees; Drug Resistance; Host-Parasite Interactions; Varroidae
PubMed: 32456963
DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.04.004 -
Scientific Data Aug 2021Mite-borne diseases, such as scrub typhus and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, present an increasing global public health concern. Most of the mite-borne diseases...
Mite-borne diseases, such as scrub typhus and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, present an increasing global public health concern. Most of the mite-borne diseases are caused by the blood-sucking mites. To present a comprehensive understanding of the distributions and diversity of blood-sucking mites in China, we derived information from peer-reviewed journal articles, thesis publications and books related to mites in both Chinese and English between 1978 and 2020. Geographic information of blood-sucking mites' occurrence and mite species were extracted and georeferenced at the county level. Standard operating procedures were applied to remove duplicates and ensure accuracy of the data. This dataset contains 6,443 records of mite species occurrences at the county level in China. This geographical dataset provides an overview of the species diversity and wide distributions of blood-sucking mites, and can potentially be used in distribution prediction of mite species and risk assessment of mite-borne diseases in China.
Topics: Animal Distribution; Animals; Arachnid Vectors; China; Mites
PubMed: 34354081
DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00994-9 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Feb 2021Leptotrombidium scutellare is one of the 6 main vectors of scrub typhus in China. It has been found in more than 15 provinces of China. Especially in Yunnan, it was... (Review)
Review
Leptotrombidium scutellare is one of the 6 main vectors of scrub typhus in China. It has been found in more than 15 provinces of China. Especially in Yunnan, it was found to be mainly distributed in some mountainous areas with high altitude, low temperature and low precipitation. Rodents and some other small mammals were the most common hosts of L. scutellare. To date, more than 40 host species of L. scutellare have been recorded with very low host specificity, and the main hosts varied in different geographical regions. L. scutellare had a strong resistance against the cold environment, and the temperature and humidity were 2 important factors affecting its growth and development. Among different individuals of their rodent hosts, L. scutellare mites often showed an aggregated distribution pattern, which reflected the interspecific cooperation of the mites. The chromosome karyotype of L. scutellare was 2n=16 and all the 8 pairs of chromosomes were short rod-shaped with metacentric or sub-metacentric types. The isozyme spectrum supported that L. scutellare, L. deliense and L. rubellum were in the same species group. Based on the natural infection, experimental transmission and epidemiological evidence, L. scutellare has been eventually confirmed as the second major vector of scrub typhus in China, which is second only to L. deliense.
Topics: Animals; China; Chromosomes; Disease Vectors; Host Specificity; Host-Parasite Interactions; Mammals; Rodentia; Scrub Typhus; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Trombiculidae
PubMed: 33684981
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.1