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The International Journal of Behavioral... Aug 2022Many children do not engage in sufficient physical activity, and schools provide a unique venue for children to reach their recommended 60 daily minutes of...
BACKGROUND
Many children do not engage in sufficient physical activity, and schools provide a unique venue for children to reach their recommended 60 daily minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Prior research examining effects of MVPA on academic achievement is inconclusive, and few studies have investigated potential moderators of this relationship. This study examined whether student-level characteristics (gender, race/ethnicity, free/reduced-price lunch status) and school-level characteristics (proportion of students qualifying for free/reduced-price lunch, physical activity environment and opportunities) moderate the relationship between MVPA and academic achievement.
METHODS
In a large, diverse metropolitan public school district in Georgia, 4,936 students in Grade 4 were recruited from 40 elementary schools. Students wore accelerometers to measure school-day MVPA for a total of 15 days across three semesters (fall 2018, spring 2019, fall 2019). Academic achievement data, including course marks (grades) for math, reading, spelling, and standardized test scores in writing, math, reading, and Lexile (reading assessment), were collected at baseline (Grade 3, ages 8-9) and at follow-up in Grade 4 (ages 9-10). Standardized test scores were not measured in Grade 5 (ages 10-11) due to COVID-19-related disruptions. Multilevel modeling assessed whether student-level and/or school-level characteristics were moderators in the cross-sectional and longitudinal MVPA-academic achievement relationship.
RESULTS
Cross sectional analyses indicated that the MVPA and AA relationship was moderated only by student Hispanic ethnicity for Grade 4 fall spelling marks (β = -0.159 p < 0.001). The relationship for Grade 4 fall spelling marks was also moderated by school physical activity opportunities (β = -0.128 (p < 0.001). Longitudinally, there was no significant moderation of the MVPA-academic achievement. A relationship by student gender, free/reduced-price lunch status, race/ethnicity; nor for school-level factors including proportion of students qualifying for free/reduced-price lunch, physical activity environment, and physical activity opportunities.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, our results did not suggest that student- or school-level characteristics moderate the MVPA-academic achievement relationship. While statistically significant results were observed for certain outcomes, practical differences were negligible. In this population, school-based MVPA does not appear to differently affect academic performance based on student gender, race/ethnicity, free/reduced-price lunch, nor school characteristics.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This study was registered with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) ClinicalTrials.gov system, with ID NCT03765047 . Registered 05 December 2018-Retrospectively registered.
Topics: Academic Success; COVID-19; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Humans; Students
PubMed: 36042515
DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01348-3 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022Digital literacy is becoming more important because of the skillset of functioning in online is becoming a necessary skill set in daily life. The purpose of this study...
Digital literacy is becoming more important because of the skillset of functioning in online is becoming a necessary skill set in daily life. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between loneliness and digital literacy and the mediation effect of motivation in that association. Also, this study examined the moderating effect of mindset in the meditation effect of motivation in the association between loneliness and digital literacy. 287 respondents were recruited from online survey in United States. To investigate the direct effect of loneliness on digital literacy, the mediating effect of motivation, and the moderating of mindset on the mediating effect, this research employed a mediated moderation model. The findings of this research suggest that prevention-focused motivation mediated the effect of loneliness on digital literacy and the effect was moderated by a fixed mindset (as opposed to a growth mindset). The result of the study contributes to the literature by examining how loneliness could impede acquiring digital literacy through prevention-focused motivation and fixed mindset.
PubMed: 35602704
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.701856 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2021As past studies of self-control and Internet addiction showed mixed results, this meta-analysis of 83 primary studies with 80,681 participants determined whether (a)...
As past studies of self-control and Internet addiction showed mixed results, this meta-analysis of 83 primary studies with 80,681 participants determined whether (a) these students with less self-control had greater Internet addiction, and (b) age, culture, gender, Internet addiction measures, or year moderated these relations. We used a random-effects meta-analysis of Pearson product-moment coefficients with Fisher's -transformation and tested for moderation with the homogeneity tests. The results showed a positive link between impulsivity and Internet addiction ( = 0.371, 95% CI = [0.311, 0.427]) and a negative link between restraint and Internet addiction ( = -0.362, 95% CI = [-0.414, -0.307]). The moderation analysis indicated that the correlation between impulsivity indicators and greater Internet addiction was stronger among undergraduates (18-22 years old) than among adolescents (10-17 years old). Furthermore, the negative link between a restraint indicator and Internet addiction was greater (a) among students in East Asia than those in Western Europe/North America, (b) among males than females and (c) when using the Internet addiction measures GPIUS or IAT rather than CIAS. Hence, these results indicate a negative link between self-control and Internet addiction, and this link is moderated by age, culture, gender, and Internet addiction measure.
PubMed: 34899477
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.735755 -
JMIR Research Protocols Jul 2023Anxiety and alcohol use commonly co-occur. Previous research has demonstrated the bidirectional and mutually reinforcing nature of this relationship, with an increasing...
BACKGROUND
Anxiety and alcohol use commonly co-occur. Previous research has demonstrated the bidirectional and mutually reinforcing nature of this relationship, with an increasing body of research investigating the mediating and moderating mechanisms driving this association. Within the existing mediation and moderation research, however, there have been contrasting findings and, at times, null results among some population groups.
OBJECTIVE
This protocol outlines a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to synthesize and clarify mediators and moderators in the anxiety-alcohol and alcohol-anxiety relationships.
METHODS
Systematic searches will be conducted in the electronic databases Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify studies that investigated mediators and moderators of the relationship between anxiety and alcohol use, including clinical and subclinical levels. Studies that look at the relationship between anxiety and alcohol use outcomes, as well as alcohol use and anxiety outcomes, will be included in order to capture an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms driving the association in either direction. No limits will be placed on study year or study language. Included study designs will be observational studies, including cohort, cross-sectional, and longitudinal studies, and secondary analyses of randomized controlled trials reporting quantitative results. Selected studies will also have their reference lists hand-searched for other relevant papers. Study quality will be assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklists for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies and Cohort Studies. Mediators and moderators will be narratively synthesized in line with the biopsychosocial framework, where results will be grouped into biological, psychological, and social or environmental factors. If the data are sufficiently homogeneous, a meta-analysis will be conducted with mediation and moderation analyses synthesized separately. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) framework will also be used to assess the strength of cumulative evidence.
RESULTS
Electronic database searches were conducted in September 2022. After duplicates were removed, a total of 7330 titles and abstracts were screened. Full-text reviewing is currently under way, with the results expected to be available by the end of 2023.
CONCLUSIONS
Given the significant individual and societal impacts of co-occurring anxiety and alcohol use, this review will help clarify mechanisms linking these two concerns. Identified mechanisms, where possible, can then be targeted in prevention, early intervention, and treatment approaches to improve the outcomes for individuals experiencing co-occurring anxiety and alcohol use.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42023358402; https://tinyurl.com/2m2e3enp.
INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/48875.
PubMed: 37440283
DOI: 10.2196/48875 -
BMC Psychiatry Jan 2020The underlying mechanism between hope and quality of life is as yet unknown. We aim to examine the potential mediating effect of depression and resilience and the...
BACKGROUND
The underlying mechanism between hope and quality of life is as yet unknown. We aim to examine the potential mediating effect of depression and resilience and the moderated effect of sex in this well-established association.
METHODS
Two hundred seven patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were administered a questionnaire battery that measured hope, depression, resilience and QOL. A multiple mediation model was used to examine the mediating effect of resilience and depression on the association between hope and QOL. A subgroup analysis was performed and a moderated mediation model was examined to find and test the moderated effect of sex on the mediation model. We used Mplus to perform moderation and mediation analyses so that the mediators and moderator could function together in the same model.
RESULT
Sex was the moderator on the direct path between hope and QOL. The relationship between hope and QOL was mediated by resilience and depression in both sexes. When compared with female patients, the effect of hope on QOL was completely mediated by resilience and depression in males. In female patients, the model was partially mediated, and the direct effect of hope on QOL was significantly negatively correlated with the level of hope.
CONCLUSION
We present a conceptual model containing the mediated effects of resilience and depression and the moderated effect of sex between hope and QOL, which we believe facilitates the understanding of these associations. This model should be useful in the formulation of strategies to improve QOL.
Topics: Depression; Female; Hope; Humans; Male; Quality of Life; Resilience, Psychological; Schizophrenia; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 31941476
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-2436-5 -
Schizophrenia Research. Cognition Mar 2020There is evidence that cognitive remediation (CR) is moderately effective in improving cognitive and functional difficulties in people with schizophrenia. However, there... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
There is evidence that cognitive remediation (CR) is moderately effective in improving cognitive and functional difficulties in people with schizophrenia. However, there is still a limited understanding of what influence different treatment responses.
AIM
To identify moderators influencing CR response in people with schizophrenia.
METHODS
This systematic review follows PRISMA guidelines. Searches were conducted up to January 2019 on PubMed and PsychInfo to identify randomized controlled trials of CR reporting analyses of moderators of treatment response. All papers were assessed for methodological quality and information on sample size, intervention and control condition, moderators, outcomes, effect of moderator on outcomes and demographic characteristics from each study was extracted and critically summarised.
RESULTS
Thirty-six studies were included, considering 2737 participants. Study participants consisted on average of people in their late-thirties, mostly men, with over 10 years of illness. The review identified moderators that could be grouped into five categories: demographics, biological, cognitive and functional, psychological, and illness-related characteristics. The assessment of methodological quality showed that many studies had a high risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS
There was no high-quality replicated evidence which identifies reliable moderators of CR response. Many moderators were not replicated or presented in single, underpowered studies. Studies also investigated moderators independently despite their potential to overlap (e.g. age and education). Future research should concentrate on evaluating, with sound studies, the role moderators may play in affecting CR treatment response. This information can inform who will benefit most from the therapy and help to improve the benefits of CR.
PubMed: 31828023
DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2019.100160 -
BMJ Open Jun 2021Online support can be a crucial source of support for individuals experiencing suicidal behaviours, with forum moderators being pivotal in terms of the role they play in... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Online support can be a crucial source of support for individuals experiencing suicidal behaviours, with forum moderators being pivotal in terms of the role they play in times of personal mental health emergencies. This study identified what is empirically known about the professional practices of health professionals who are online mental health forum moderators and provide support to individuals experiencing suicidal behaviours.
DESIGN
The Levac, Colquhoun and O'Brien extension of the Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework was used.
SEARCH STRATEGY
The Psychology Collection (EBSCO), PsycINFO (EBSCO), Web of Science, Taylor and Francis Online, SAGE Journals and Science Direct databases were searched for articles that featured a result relating to an online forum; included participants who worked as online moderators or facilitators and focused on suicide or self-harm. Results were limited to peer-reviewed articles published in English from 1990 onwards. As a quality assurance measure, grey literature (nonacademic literature) was not included. Reference lists of included articles were hand-searched.
RESULTS
There were 397 articles initially identified after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, with five articles included for synthesis. All articles received a moderate quality rating. Only one article featured a moderator who was a qualified health professional; the moderators in the remaining articles were volunteers who undertook preservice training. We found that there is little research that examines the professional working practices of online moderators who support individuals experiencing suicidal behaviours.
CONCLUSIONS
The dearth of research focusing on the professional practices of online forum moderators is cause for concern given that individuals experiencing suicidal behaviours are increasingly turning to online forums when in crisis. Future research should focus on online moderators' practice through interviewing moderators about their professional practices and by examining online moderator practice as it occurs in situ.
Topics: Health Personnel; Humans; Mental Health; Self-Injurious Behavior; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide Prevention
PubMed: 34193497
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047905 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022Despite the extensive research on war atrocities and risk factors for psychopathology, there is a paucity of research on the potential mediating and moderating effect of...
BACKGROUND
Despite the extensive research on war atrocities and risk factors for psychopathology, there is a paucity of research on the potential mediating and moderating effect of neuroticism in refugee children and adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to analyze whether neuroticism mediated and/or moderated the relationship between war atrocities and different types of psychopathology in Syrian refugee children and adolescents who resettled in Lebanon and Jordan.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING
Participants were 1,000 Syrian refugee children and adolescents of both sexes.
METHODS
Questionnaires were administered in an interview format with children at school by two trained psychologists. Descriptive statistics and inter-correlations among variables were used Then the mediator and moderator effect of neuroticism in the relationship between war atrocities and posttraumatic stress, emotion regulation and behavioral and emotional disorders were examined.
RESULTS
A partial mediating effect of neuroticism on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), emotion dysregulation, and emotional and behavioral disorders was revealed. Findings also indicated full moderating effects of neuroticism on PTSD as well as partial moderating effects on emotion dysregulation, and emotional and behavioral.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings contribute to the neuroticism literature by showing that high-N children develop more problems that are psychopathological and have more severe affective reactions to war atrocities in post- resettlement contexts. Early interventions aimed to reduce neuroticism might contribute to a better prognosis in refugee children at high-risk for psychological disorders.
PubMed: 35153961
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.811920 -
Child Abuse & Neglect Apr 2023Childhood abuse is linked to poorer well-being, yet some survivors show no prolonged effect, suggesting multifinality. Men and women also differ in the experience and...
INTRODUCTION
Childhood abuse is linked to poorer well-being, yet some survivors show no prolonged effect, suggesting multifinality. Men and women also differ in the experience and sequelae of abuse supporting gender-specific analyses. To assist in circumventing poor outcomes associated with child abuse, this study examined fear of self (FoS) and self-compassion (SC) as risk and protective factors between child abuse and well-being.
METHOD
Australian women (N = 1302, M = 47.28 [13.63]) completed an online assessment of childhood abuse, psychological distress, perceived quality of life, SC, FoS. Moderated-moderation examined the different abuses as predictors of psychological distress and quality of life (QoL) and FoS and SC as primary and secondary moderators, respectively.
RESULTS
Physical abuse did not predict psychological distress or QoL. FoS and SC were independent predictors of distress and QoL. Similarly, childhood sexual abuse was not found to predict distress or QoL. FoS and SC were independent predictors of distress and QoL. There was also an interaction between childhood sexual abuse and SC in predicting QoL. A moderated-moderation was found for the relationship between child sexual abuse and distress. Psychological abuse predicted distress and QoL, and FoS and SC both moderated this relationship. Moreover, a moderated-moderation was observed for the relationship between psychological abuse and QoL.
CONCLUSIONS
Greater FoS is associated with poorer outcomes for child abuse survivors; SC may mitigate this impact. Psychological abuse was the strongest predictor of well-being. Interventions that increase SC and raise awareness of psychological abuse and its impacts are needed.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Child; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Self-Compassion; Australia; Child Abuse; Fear; Child Abuse, Sexual
PubMed: 36764171
DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106089 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022Smartphone addiction (SPA) is prevalent in college students and harms their healthy development, and perceived stress (PS) has been a well-documented risk factor of SPA....
Smartphone addiction (SPA) is prevalent in college students and harms their healthy development, and perceived stress (PS) has been a well-documented risk factor of SPA. People often experienced boredom during COVID-19; however, its effect on behavioral/mental health during the pandemic has been rarely tested. We investigated the prospective association between SPA and PS before and during COVID-19, as well as the moderation of boredom. A total of 197 college students participated in four-wave surveys from December 2018 to June 2020 in China. The cross-lagged model was developed to investigate the prospective association between SPA and PS from T1 to T4. Boredom was added to the model at T4 as a moderator to explore the moderating role of boredom during COVID-19. The results showed that the pandemic changed PS's prediction on SPA. During COVID-19, boredom significantly affected SPA and PS and moderated the link from PS at T3 to PS at T4. The results suggest that the prospective associations between SPA and PS varied before and during COVID-19. Prevention of SPA should be conducted for new students and should be used to enhance their stress coping capacity. Intervention programs for eliminating boredom may be effective for reducing stress and SPA during COVID-19.
Topics: Humans; Boredom; Internet Addiction Disorder; COVID-19; China; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 36430074
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215355