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Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of hardiness on the perceived military performance of reservists, i.e., young people who have full-time jobs in a...
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of hardiness on the perceived military performance of reservists, i.e., young people who have full-time jobs in a civilian sector and perform military training as a part of their civic duty. We proposed the conceptual model with conditional indirect effects of the hardiness on personal military performance, where mediated moderation effects are observed from personality traits and variables important for military service: team cohesion, perceived stress, and psychological resilience. The final dataset was comprised of 384 self-reported paper-pencil questionnaires filled out by reserve soldiers, and PROCESS Macro 3.5 Model 7 and Model 14 were used for the analysis. The results revealed that perceived stress (Model 1) and psychological resilience (Model 2) have a statistically significant moderate mediating effect on the interlink between hardiness and performance when personality traits and team cohesion are taken into consideration. The change in R is statistically significant and explains how perceived stress and psychological resilience affect individuals. When psychological hardiness is low, the level of perceived stress has a statistically significant moderating effect, i.e., it reduces the effect of hardiness on performance. When comparing the effects of perceived stress and psychological resilience, the latter has a stronger moderating effect on performance. Specifically, the moderating effect of resilience was more evident in Model 2 (66.9% variance, r = 0.818) for the military performance of the reservists than the perceived stress in Model 1 (52.5% variance, r = 0.724). This means that resilience increases the accountability of Model 2 compared to Model 1 by 14.4%. We conclude that resilience training could statistically significantly increase the military performance of reserve soldiers as a tactical population.
PubMed: 37174765
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091224 -
Child Abuse & Neglect Jan 2023Little is known about the causal pathways through which domestic violence affects children's internalising, externalising and prosocial behaviours over time, and the...
BACKGROUND
Little is known about the causal pathways through which domestic violence affects children's internalising, externalising and prosocial behaviours over time, and the role that risk and protective factors play in mediating and moderating direct effects.
OBJECTIVE
We explored how different risk and protective factors affect children's psychopathology in the context of domestic violence. We focused on the mother and child bond and explored if this moderates or mediates the effect of domestic violence on children's internalising, externalising and prosocial behaviours.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING
A prospective longitudinal nationally representative study of children in Scotland aged 6 to 13 years (N:2554).
METHODS
Multivariate logit models, moderation and mediation analysis.
RESULTS
Domestic violence exposure predicted higher internalising and externalising behaviours and lower prosocial skills (e.g. OR2.17, 95%CI 1.15-4.08 for externalising symptoms). Children with a strong mother-child bond had lower odds of internalising and externalising symptoms, and were more likely to manifest prosocial skills (OR4.14, 95%CI 3.09-5.55). We found evidence that the mother-child relationship both moderated and mediated the effect that domestic violence exposure had on children's internalising, externalising and prosocial scores. The mediation effect was strongest for prosocial behaviours, and strongest in cases where the abuse was less intense.
CONCLUSIONS
We show how domestic violence directly and indirectly affects children, via the mother-child relationship. We propose a model which could explain how the mother-child bond both mediates and moderates the effect of domestic violence on children's psychopathology. Our findings suggest mothers need support to in turn support children in the context of domestic violence.
Topics: Female; Child; Humans; Prospective Studies; Protective Factors; Longitudinal Studies; Domestic Violence; Child Behavior Disorders
PubMed: 36527984
DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105991 -
Clinical Endocrinology Feb 2021This study aimed to explore whether age moderates the associations between TSH receptor antibodies (TRAbs) with thyroid hormones and remission in patients with Graves'...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to explore whether age moderates the associations between TSH receptor antibodies (TRAbs) with thyroid hormones and remission in patients with Graves' disease (GD) who undergo radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment.
DESIGN
A single-centre retrospective study.
PATIENTS
A total of 435 eligible consecutive patients diagnosed with GD and treated with RAI therapy were included.
METHODS
TRAbs and thyroid hormones prior to RAI were recorded. Pearson's correlation, t tests and analysis of covariance were conducted to identify the associations between TRAbs, thyroid hormones and remission. Moderation analyses were conducted to test age as a moderator.
RESULTS
Overall, 75.4% of the patients achieved remission with a single dose of iodine-131. TRAb levels before RAI were positively correlated with the circulating thyroid hormones (ps < 0.001). Age moderated the association between TRAbs and free T3 (FT3) (P = .01), but did not moderate the association between TRAbs and free T4 (FT4) (P = .07). TRAb levels before RAI only significantly predicted remission status in young patients (P = .03), but not in middle-aged (P = .36) or older patients (P = .74), after adjusting for covariates. When age was included as a continuous variable, moderation analyses revealed that the association between TRAbs and remission status was stronger in younger patients (P = .03).
CONCLUSIONS
The majority of Graves' disease patients experienced a long-term remission following a single dose of iodine-131. Associations between TRAbs, FT3 and remission are moderated by age. TRAb level prior to RAI is a significant remission in younger patients, but not in middle-aged or older patients.
Topics: Graves Disease; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 32734611
DOI: 10.1111/cen.14301 -
Mindfulness 2022The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a dramatic rise in symptoms of depression and anxiety. Dispositional mindfulness (DM) and self-compassion (SC) have...
OBJECTIVES
The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a dramatic rise in symptoms of depression and anxiety. Dispositional mindfulness (DM) and self-compassion (SC) have consistently been associated with psychological disorder symptoms and appear to buffer the effects of stress on depression and anxiety.
METHODS
Across two studies ( = 888), we examined direct and indirect (moderation) relationships of DM, SC, COVID-19-related stress, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. We also examined the differential effects of several DM measures (FFMQ-15; FFMQ-39; MAAS) in the relationships of COVID-19 stress and psychological disorder symptoms. We recruited participants (Study 1 = 350; 42.2% cis women; Study 2 = 538; 44.3% cis women) online (MTurk) and examined associations of DM, SC, and COVID-19 stress, and emotional impact, and the moderating effect of DM and SC in the relationships of COVID-19-related fears, stress, emotional impacts, and psychological disorder symptoms.
RESULTS
DM and SC were moderately and negatively correlated with COVID-19 fears and stress (correlations ranging = - .14 to = - .42) across studies. Study 1 moderation analyses demonstrated SC, but not DM (FFMQ-15), significantly moderated relationships of COVID-19 fears and emotional impacts with symptoms. Study 2 analyses demonstrated the FFMQ-39, but not the MAAS, significantly moderated relationships of COVID-19 stress and psychological disorder symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
These results support the potential protective roles of DM and SC in disrupting pathological trajectories related to naturally elevated pandemic stress. Results also demonstrate the differential associations of several DM measures with COVID-19 stress. Future research should replicate such findings with more diverse samples and using various measures of self-compassion and risk metrics.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-022-02008-0.
PubMed: 36312006
DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-02008-0 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Childhood maltreatment has been identified as a risk factor for depressive symptoms. Social anxiety is closely associated with depression. Physical activity has been...
BACKGROUND
Childhood maltreatment has been identified as a risk factor for depressive symptoms. Social anxiety is closely associated with depression. Physical activity has been regarded as an underlying protective factor. Little is known about the complex relations among these factors in Chinese middle school students. This study aimed to explore whether social anxiety mediated the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms and investigate whether physical activity moderated the indirect or direct effect of the mediation model.
METHODS
A total of 1,570 middle school students were recruited and measured for childhood maltreatment (measured by Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form Chinese version), social anxiety (as the mediator, measured by the Chinese simplified version of Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents), depressive symptoms (measured by the Chinese version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21), physical activity (as the moderator), and covariates such as age, sex, and nationality. The proposed relationships were tested using mediation and moderated mediation models.
RESULTS
Emotional abuse was directly associated with depression, and the association between emotional abuse and depression was partially mediated by social anxiety. The associations between emotional abuse with depression and with social anxiety were moderated by physical activity.
CONCLUSION
This study revealed the mediating role of social anxiety and the moderating role of physical activity between emotional abuse and depression, which emphasizes the potential benefits of sufficient physical activity to reduce social anxiety and depressive symptoms, and more intervention studies should be conducted to explore the direct influence of sufficient physical activity in the future.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Depression; Emotional Abuse; Anxiety
PubMed: 37441642
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1138813 -
Leadership in Health Services... Jun 2021This study aims to examine the effects of ethical leadership on job satisfaction, affective commitment and burnout of health care employees, considering frustration...
PURPOSE
This study aims to examine the effects of ethical leadership on job satisfaction, affective commitment and burnout of health care employees, considering frustration tolerance and emotional stability as moderating variables.
DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH
A questionnaire was used to survey health care professionals working in private and public Austrian health-care organizations (hospitals, nursing homes, rehabilitation centers and sanatoriums). The questionnaire consisted of items from well-established scales. The collected data ( = 458) was analyzed using correlation and regression analyzes.
FINDINGS
Findings indicated that ethical leadership is significantly positively related to job satisfaction ( = 0.485, < 0.01) and affective commitment ( = 0.461, < 0.01) and is significantly negatively related to burnout ( = -0.347, < 0.01). The results also suggest that frustration tolerance (ß = 0.101, < 0.1) and emotional stability (ß = 0.093, < 0.1) moderate the relationship between ethical leadership and burnout. Furthermore, a moderation effect of emotional stability in the ethical leadership and affective commitment relation was indicated. No moderation effect was found for frustration tolerance or emotional stability for the relationship between ethical leadership and job satisfaction.
PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
Ethical leadership emphasizes the socio-emotional dimension in a leader-employee relationship, which can easily be neglected in times of staff cuts and work overload. Leadership training should include the development of skills in how to visibly act as a moral person, as well as how to set clear ethical standards and communicate them to employees.
ORIGINALITY/VALUE
This study adds value to the limited evidence on the beneficial role of ethical leadership in health care settings. In addition, frustration tolerance and emotional stability have not before been investigated as moderators.
Topics: Attitude; Austria; Delivery of Health Care; Humans; Job Satisfaction; Leadership; Morals; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34085804
DOI: 10.1108/LHS-06-2020-0034 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022Previous studies have shown that sibling conflicts are detrimental to physical and psychological development, as well as long-term human development. Although many...
UNLABELLED
Previous studies have shown that sibling conflicts are detrimental to physical and psychological development, as well as long-term human development. Although many studies have discovered relations between parenting style and sibling conflicts, these findings were contentious and did not provide a universal solution. Therefore, the meta-analysis was used as the method to determine the nature and magnitude of the relationships. There were a total of 14,356 participants in the 16 included studies, from which 55 effect sizes were extracted. According to the overall meta-analysis results, authoritative parenting ( = -0.201) did have the potential to reduce sibling conflicts. Neglectful ( = 0.389), inconsistent ( = 0.364), indulgent ( = 0.293), and authoritarian ( = 0.235) parenting styles were related to sibling conflicts in a positive way. Moreover, the study investigated the effectiveness of several moderator variables, such as children's gender, age, region, outcome measure, and publication year. The research indicates that authoritative parenting is a protective factor of sibling conflicts. Moderator analyses found that gender, age, region, outcome measure, and publication year played moderating roles in the relationships. Finally, research limitations in the current study and expectations for future research, as well as theoretical contributions and implications for parenting practice, were presented.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
[https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-8-0020/], identifier [INPLASY202280020].
PubMed: 36081719
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.936253 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022The current study aims to examine the effect of trait awe on college students' procrastination with a focus on confirming the mediating role of stress and the moderating...
The current study aims to examine the effect of trait awe on college students' procrastination with a focus on confirming the mediating role of stress and the moderating role of future time perspective (FTP). Measures of procrastination, trait awe, stress, and future time perspective were completed by 512 Chinese college students. The results indicate that trait awe had a negative effect on procrastination, that stress was a significant mediator between trait awe and procrastination, and that FTP moderated the mediation effect. These findings not only demonstrate the crucial role of awe in alleviating procrastination but also elucidate the underlying mechanisms and relevant populations. Limitations and directions for future research were also discussed.
PubMed: 36438333
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1030773 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022Internet addiction has become a worldwide mental health problem, and this problem is particularly prominent in China. Although current studies have shown that social...
PURPOSE
Internet addiction has become a worldwide mental health problem, and this problem is particularly prominent in China. Although current studies have shown that social support is closely related to Internet addiction, the mechanism of the relationship between the two is not clear at present. This study aimed to find out the influencing factors and the mechanism of Internet addiction among college freshmen, and to form scientific prevention and intervention plan on this basis.
METHOD
This study adopts the cluster sampling method to select 322 college freshmen in a typical postsecondary school in Shandong Province, using Chinese Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and Network-related Maladaptive Cognition Scale (NRMCS) to investigate the relationship between social support, network-related maladaptive cognition, gender, and the degree of Internet addiction.
RESULTS
The findings of this study are as follows: (1) After controlling age and family location, social support had a significant negative predictive effect on Internet addiction; (2) Gender acted as a moderator between the relationship of social support and Internet addiction; and (3) Additionally, the moderating effect of gender was completely mediated by network-related maladaptive cognition.
CONCLUSION
There is a mediated moderating effect between social support and Internet addiction. That is, gender plays a moderating role between social support and Internet addiction, and this moderating effect is mediated by network maladaptive cognition.
PubMed: 36687930
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1031566 -
Genes Mar 2023Dinucleotides are known as determinants for various structural and physiochemical properties of DNA and for binding affinities of proteins to DNA. These properties...
Dinucleotides are known as determinants for various structural and physiochemical properties of DNA and for binding affinities of proteins to DNA. These properties (e.g., stiffness) and bound proteins (e.g., transcription factors) are known to influence important biological functions, such as transcription regulation and 3D chromatin organization. Accordingly, the question arises of how the considerable variations in dinucleotide contents of eukaryotic chromosomes could still provide consistent DNA properties resulting in similar functions and 3D conformations. In this work, we investigate the hypothesis that coupled dinucleotide contents influence DNA properties in opposite directions to moderate each other's influences. Analyzing all 2478 chromosomes of 155 eukaryotic species, considering bias from coding sequences and enhancers, we found sets of correlated and anti-correlated dinucleotide contents. Using computational models, we estimated changes of DNA properties resulting from this coupling. We found that especially pure A/T dinucleotides (AA, TT, AT, TA), known to influence histone positioning and AC/GT contents, are relevant moderators and that, e.g., the Roll property, which is known to influence histone affinity of DNA, is preferably moderated. We conclude that dinucleotide contents might indirectly influence transcription and chromatin 3D conformation, via regulation of histone occupancy and/or other mechanisms.
Topics: Histones; Eukaryota; DNA; Chromatin; Eukaryotic Cells
PubMed: 36981025
DOI: 10.3390/genes14030755