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Hospital Pharmacy Oct 2022Each month, subscribers to receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to...
Each month, subscribers to receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are available online to subscribers. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Through the cooperation of publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about , contact Wolters Kluwer customer service at 866-397-3433.
PubMed: 36081541
DOI: 10.1177/0018578719867685 -
The Journal of Pharmacy Technology :... Feb 2022Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) is only available in the United States as tablets. The United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) has placed OLM on its priority list of preparations...
Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) is only available in the United States as tablets. The United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) has placed OLM on its priority list of preparations that require stability data to support practitioner compounding. The purpose of the study was to develop a stability-indicating assay and then determine the beyond-use date (BUD) for an extemporaneous OLM suspension. A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was developed and validated according to guidelines for USP official compounded monographs. OLM 2 mg/mL suspensions were compounded with Ora-Sweet and Ora-Plus and stored at room temperature or in a refrigerator. Suspensions were assayed periodically over 90 days for OLM concentration and observed for physical stability. The pH was measured at the beginning and end of the study. The OLM concentration remained above 97% of the starting concentration for 90 days when stored in the refrigerator and above 94% of the starting concentration for 90 days when stored at room temperature. The suspension pH did not change and indicators of physical stability were unchanged for 90 days. OLM 2 mg/mL suspensions were chemically and physically stable at room temperature and in the refrigerator for 90 days. The BUD may be set at 90 days under either storage condition.
PubMed: 35141721
DOI: 10.1177/87551225211051756 -
Interventional Neuroradiology : Journal... Dec 2022The course of the vertebral artery from its subclavian artery origin up to its termination at the vertebrobasilar junction is divided into four segments (V1-V4). This... (Review)
Review
The course of the vertebral artery from its subclavian artery origin up to its termination at the vertebrobasilar junction is divided into four segments (V1-V4). This segmentation, based on schemes that have evolved since the late nineteenth century, should be a consistent and reproducible anatomical concept. However, the current literature offers conflicting definitions of that scheme, not infrequently within a single article or monograph. The principal inconsistency found in modern publications concerns the termination of the V2 segment, which is either set at the C2 or C1 transverse foramen depending on the scheme considered. Consequently, the portion of the vertebral artery extending between C2 and C1-a frequent site of pathological involvement-either belongs to the V2 or V3 segment. This discrepancy can affect the validity of studies evaluating the diagnosis and management of vertebral artery disorders. A V3 segment extending from the transverse foramen of C2 to the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and subdivided into vertical, horizontal, and oblique subsegments-a pattern suggested by Barbieri in 1867 and adopted in some modern publications-would provide a simple, precise, and reliable solution without significantly altering the widely accepted division of the vertebral artery into four segments (V1-V4).
Topics: Humans; Vertebral Artery; Subclavian Artery
PubMed: 34866439
DOI: 10.1177/15910199211063275 -
PhytoKeys 2022L. (tribe Capsiceae, Solanaceae) is an American genus distributed ranging from the southern United States of America to central Argentina and Brazil. The genus includes...
L. (tribe Capsiceae, Solanaceae) is an American genus distributed ranging from the southern United States of America to central Argentina and Brazil. The genus includes chili peppers, bell peppers, ajíes, habaneros, jalapeños, ulupicas and pimientos, well known for their economic importance around the globe. Within the Solanaceae, the genus can be recognised by its shrubby habit, actinomorphic flowers, distinctive truncate calyx with or without appendages, anthers opening by longitudinal slits, nectaries at the base of the ovary and the variously coloured and usually pungent fruits. The highest diversity of this genus is located along the northern and central Andes. Although has been extensively studied and great advances have been made in the understanding of its taxonomy and the relationships amongst species, there is no monographic treatment of the genus as a whole. Based on morphological and molecular evidence studied from field and herbarium specimens, we present here a comprehensive taxonomic treatment for the genus, including updated information about morphology, anatomy, karyology, phylogeny and distribution. We recognise 43 species and five varieties, including Barboza, from São Paulo State, Brazil and a new combination (Sendtn.) Barboza, ; five of these taxa are cultivated worldwide (C.annuumL.var.annuum, C.baccatumL.var.pendulum (Willd.) Eshbaugh, C.baccatumL.var.umbilicatum (Vell.) Hunz. & Barboza, Jacq. and L.). Nomenclatural revision of the 265 names attributed to chili peppers resulted in 89 new lectotypifications and five new neotypifications. Identification keys and detailed descriptions, maps and illustrations for all taxa are provided.
PubMed: 36762372
DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Delayed and absent puberty and infertility in Turner syndrome (TS) are caused by primary hypogonadism. A majority of patients with TS who are followed at hospitals... (Review)
Review
Delayed and absent puberty and infertility in Turner syndrome (TS) are caused by primary hypogonadism. A majority of patients with TS who are followed at hospitals during childhood will not experience regular menstruation. In fact, almost all patients with TS need estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) before they are young adults. ERT in TS is administered empirically. However, some practical issues concerning puberty induction in TS require clarification, such as how early to start ERT. The present monograph aims to review current pubertal induction therapies for TS without endogenous estrogen production and suggests a new therapeutic approach using a transdermal estradiol patch that mimics incremental increases in circulating, physiological estradiol. Although evidence supporting this approach is still scarce, pubertal induction with earlier, lower-dose estrogen therapy more closely approximates endogenous estradiol secretion.
Topics: Female; Young Adult; Humans; Turner Syndrome; Estrogens; Estradiol; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Estrogen Replacement Therapy
PubMed: 37056677
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1051695 -
The Journal of Pharmacy Technology :... Oct 2021To review the efficacy and safety of the newly Food and Drug Administration approved drug lasmiditan, and its place in therapy in the treatment of acute migraine... (Review)
Review
To review the efficacy and safety of the newly Food and Drug Administration approved drug lasmiditan, and its place in therapy in the treatment of acute migraine attacks. A literature search of Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar was preformed (September 1999 to May 2021) using the following search terms: , and . Product labeling, https://www.clinicaltriasl.gov, and product monographs were also reviewed. Relevant English-language studies were considered. Lasmiditan is the first in its class approved for acute migraine treatment. Lasmiditan exerts its therapeutic effect through agonism at the 5-HT receptor, which has been shown to produce no vasoconstriction in preclinical models. It is both scientifically and clinically relevant to review lasmiditan and determine the value of an acute migraine drug that does not induce vasoconstriction. Patients with preexisting cardiovascular conditions for which current migraine therapy is contraindicated may benefit from therapeutic use of lasmiditan. However, the potential cardiovascular benefit needs to be weighed against the increased central nervous system risks observed with lasmiditan. Lasmiditan is an oral tablet drug that is used for acute migraine abortive treatment and data suggest that it does not induce vasoconstriction, a common side effect often observed with the current first-line abortive migraine treatment drug class, triptans. This is especially important in acute migraine patients with cardiovascular risk factors in which triptan use is contraindicated.
PubMed: 34752575
DOI: 10.1177/87551225211024630 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022is a well-known Asian medicinal plant with a major phytoconstituent of diterpene lactones, such as andrographolide, 14-deoxyandrographolide, and neoandrographolide. A... (Review)
Review
is a well-known Asian medicinal plant with a major phytoconstituent of diterpene lactones, such as andrographolide, 14-deoxyandrographolide, and neoandrographolide. A World Health Organization (WHO) monograph on selected medicinal plants showed that extracts and its major diterpene lactones have promising anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimalarial, anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic activities. However, these active phytochemicals have poor water solubility and bioavailability when delivered in a conventional dosage form. These biological barriers can be mitigated if the extract or isolated compound are delivered as nanoparticles. This review discusses existing studies and marketed products of in solid, liquid, semi-solid, and gaseous dosage forms, either as an extract or isolated pure compounds, as well as their deficits in reaching maximum bioavailability. The pharmaceutics and pharmacological activity of as a nano-delivery system are also discussed.
Topics: Andrographis; Andrographis paniculata; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antifungal Agents; Antimalarials; Antioxidants; Diterpenes; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lactones; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Water
PubMed: 36234698
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196164 -
BMC Sports Science, Medicine &... Aug 2021Little is known about the musculoskeletal (MSK) exam providers use during the Preparticipation Physical Examination (PPE). The primary aims of this study were to...
BACKGROUND
Little is known about the musculoskeletal (MSK) exam providers use during the Preparticipation Physical Examination (PPE). The primary aims of this study were to determine current practice with regards to the MSK screening exam, if goals are being met, and if there may be opportunities for improvement.
METHODS
This cross-sectional survey-based study utilized a REDCap instrument that was distributed to members of the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) and the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM). Questions focused on participant demographics and MSK exam practices for the PPE. Descriptive statistics were used.
RESULTS
The study had a total of 616 participants with a response rate of 9 %. The majority of respondents (82 %) were familiar with the 4th Edition PPE Monograph and 80 % either moderately or strongly agreed that they use this as a guideline for their MSK screening exam. The 90 s MSK screening test was implemented by 52 % of the participants. The majority of participants use an orthopedic exam as part of their PPE (82 %). Ninety-two percent of participants felt satisfied that their MSK exam would screen for current injury, while only 42 % were satisfied that it effectively screened for future injury. 86 % of participants agree that the MSK exam should be performed, while 26 % said that they don't perform a physical exam at all.
DISCUSSION
There is a lack of understanding of the PPE Monograph as there is wide variability in MSK screening techniques providers use despite the majority of participants being familiar with the guidelines described in the monograph. Additionally, providers don't believe that the MSK exam screens for future injury.
CONCLUSIONS
The goals of the MSK portion of the 4th Edition PPE monograph are not adequately being met and there is a need for further research to validate screening exams for the prevention of MSK injury.
PubMed: 34348781
DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00316-x -
Frontiers in Physiology 2023SARS-CoV-2 infection affects the vascular endothelium, which mediates the inflammatory and thrombotic cascade. Moreover, alterations in the endothelium are related to...
Relationship between the structure, function and endothelial damage, and vascular ageing and the biopsychological situation in adults diagnosed with persistent COVID (BioICOPER study). A research protocol of a cross-sectional study.
SARS-CoV-2 infection affects the vascular endothelium, which mediates the inflammatory and thrombotic cascade. Moreover, alterations in the endothelium are related to arterial stiffness, which has been established as a marker of cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study is to analyse how the structure, vascular function, vascular ageing and endothelial damage are related to the biopsychological situation in adults diagnosed with persistent COVID and the differences by gender. This cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study will be carried out in the Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL) and in the BioSepsis laboratory of the University of Salamanca. The sample will be selected from the persistent COVID monographic office at the Internal Medicine Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca, and from the population of subjects diagnosed with persistent COVID in the clinical history of Primary Care. Through consecutive sampling, the study will include 300 individuals diagnosed with persistent COVID who meet the diagnosis criteria established by the WHO, after they sign the informed consent. Endothelial damage biomarkers will be measured using ELLA-SimplePlexTM technology (Biotechne). Their vascular structure and function will be analysed by measuring the carotid intima-media thickness (Sonosite Micromax); the pulse wave and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) will be recorded with Sphygmocor System. Cardio Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ankle-brachial index will be analysed with Vasera VS-2000. The integral assessment of the subjects with persistent COVID will be conducted with different scales that evaluate fatigue, sleep, dyspnea, quality of life, attention, nutrition state, and fragility. We will also evaluate their lifestyles (diet, physical activity, smoking habits and alcohol consumption), psychological factors, and cognitive deterioration, which will be gathered through validated questionnaires; moreover, physical activity will be objectively measured using a pedometer for 7 days. Body composition will be measured through impedance using an Inbody 230. Vascular ageing will be calculated with 10 and 90 percentiles of cfPWV and baPWV. Furthermore, we will analyse the presence of vascular injury in the retina, heart, kidneys and brain, as well as cardiovascular risk. Demographic and analytical variables will also be gathered. Arterial stiffness reflects the mechanic and functional properties of the arterial wall, showing the changes in arterial pressure, blood flow, and vascular diameter that occur with each heartbeat. SARS-CoV-2 affects the endothelial cells that are infected with this virus, increasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-thrombotic factors, which can cause early vascular ageing and an increase of arterial stiffness. Persistent COVID is a complex heterogeneous disorder that affects the lives of millions of people worldwide. The identifications of potential risk factors to better understand who is at risk of developing persistent COVID is important, since this would enable early and appropriate clinical support. It is unknown whether vascular alterations caused by COVID-19 resolve after acute infection or remain over time, favouring the increase of arterial stiffness and early vascular ageing. Therefore, it is necessary to propose studies that analyse the evolution of persistent COVID in this group of patients, as well as the possible variables that influence it. ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05819840.
PubMed: 37772064
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1236430