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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022The purpose of this article is to present recent studies on the antimicrobial properties of linalool, the mechanism of action on cells and detoxification processes. The... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this article is to present recent studies on the antimicrobial properties of linalool, the mechanism of action on cells and detoxification processes. The current trend of employing compounds present in essential oils to support antibiotic therapy is becoming increasingly popular. Naturally occurring monoterpene constituents of essential oils are undergoing detailed studies to understand their detailed effects on the human body, both independently and in doses correlated with currently used pharmaceuticals. One such compound is linalool, which is commonly found in many herbs and is used to flavor black tea. This compound is an excellent fragrance additive for cosmetics, enhancing the preservative effect of the formulations used in them or acting as an anti-inflammatory on mild skin lesions. Previous studies have shown that it is extremely important due to its broad spectrum of biological activities, i.e., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective and antimicrobial. Among opportunistic hospital strains, it is most active against Gram-negative bacteria. The mechanism of action of linalool against microorganisms is still under intensive investigation. One of the key aspects of linalool research is biotransformation, through which its susceptibility to detoxification processes is determined.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Oils, Volatile; Monoterpenes; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Tea; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 36296521
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206928 -
Marine Drugs Sep 2019Macroalgae produce a wide range of monoterpenes as secondary metabolites of mevalonate (MVA) and/or methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway (often including... (Review)
Review
Macroalgae produce a wide range of monoterpenes as secondary metabolites of mevalonate (MVA) and/or methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway (often including haloperoxidase action). Great biodiversity of macroalgal monoterpenes was reported including acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic structures. Halogenated monoterpenes exhibited significant biological activity (e.g., anticancer, antiplasmodial, and insecticidal) that is influenced by the number of present halogens (higher halogen content is preferable, especially bromine) and their position within the monoterpene skeleton. In distinction from the existing reviews, the present review provides novelty with respect to: (a) exclusively monoterpenes from red macroalgae are targeted; (b) biosynthesis, isolation, and analysis, as well as bioactivity of monoterpenes are represented; (c) the methods of their isolation, analysis, and structure elucidation are summarized; (d) the bioactivity of macroalgal monoterpenes is systematically presented with emphasis on anticancer activity; (e) the literature references were updated.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Erythritol; Humans; Mevalonic Acid; Molecular Structure; Monoterpenes; Rhodophyta; Seaweed; Sugar Phosphates
PubMed: 31527497
DOI: 10.3390/md17090537 -
Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 2022To delve into the influence of paeoniflorin (PA) on abating primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)-induced liver fibrosis and its causative role.
PURPOSE
To delve into the influence of paeoniflorin (PA) on abating primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)-induced liver fibrosis and its causative role.
METHODS
Our team allocated the mice to control group, PA group, PBC group and PBC+PA group. We recorded the weight change of mice in each group. We used Masson staining for determining liver fibrosis, immunofluorescence staining for measuring tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for assaying related gene expression, as well as Western blot for testing related protein expression.
RESULTS
The weight of PBC model mice declined. Twenty-four weeks after modeling, the positive rate of anti-mitochondrial antibody-M2 (AMA-M2) in PBC mice reached 100%. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hydroxyproline (HYP), laminin (LN), procollagen type III (PC III), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents saliently waxed (p<0.01). Meanwhile, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activity patently waned (p<0.01). Liver fibrosis levels were flagrantly higher (p<0.01), and TNF-α, NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, interleukin-18 (IL-18), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) protein or gene expression were manifestly up-regulated (p<0.01). PA could restore the weight of PBC mice, strikingly restrain the positive expression of AMA-M2, and down-regulate serum ALP, ALT, AST, HYP, LN, PC III, MDA in PBC mice (p<0.01). PA could also significantly up-regulate SOD and GSH-px levels (p<0.01), down-regulate IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, NLRP3, and TNF-α protein or gene expression in PBC mice (p<0.01) and inhibit liver fibrosis levels (p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
PA can reduce PBC-induced liver fibrosis in mice and may function by curbing the formation of NLRP3.
Topics: Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Glucosides; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Mice; Monoterpenes; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein
PubMed: 35195182
DOI: 10.1590/ACB361106 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022Several non-canonical, methylated terpenes have been described as products of genetically modified recently, and the aroma properties of 28 odor-active methylated...
Several non-canonical, methylated terpenes have been described as products of genetically modified recently, and the aroma properties of 28 odor-active methylated derivatives of prenol, isoprenol, bornane, camphene, carene, citronellol, fenchol, geraniol, limonene, linalool, terpineol, and farnesol were characterized for the first time in the current study. Twelve methylated monoterpenes exhibited a particularly intense and pleasant odor and were therefore chosen for the determination of their respective odor thresholds (OTs) in comparison to their non-methylated equivalents. In addition to the determination of OTs based on the literature value for the internal standard, (2)-decenal, the threshold values of the compounds with individually determined OTs of the participants were calculated. This enabled a more precise identification of the OTs. Among the non-canonical terpenes, the lowest OTs in the air were found for 2-methyllinalool (flowery, 1.8 ng L), 2-methyl--fenchol (moldy, 3.6 ng L), 2-methylgeraniol (flowery, 5.4 ng L), 2-methylcitronellol (citrus-like, 7.2 ng L), and 4-methylgeraniol (citrus-like, 16 ng L). The derivatives of geraniol, linalool, and citronellol showed very pleasant odor impressions, which could make them interesting for use as flavoring agents in the flavor and fragrance industry.
Topics: Humans; Limonene; Monoterpenes; Odorants; Perfume; Terpenes
PubMed: 35744956
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123827 -
BioMed Research International 2022Monoterpenes are a group of natural products that have been widely studied due to their therapeutic potential against various pathologies. These compounds are abundant... (Review)
Review
Monoterpenes are a group of natural products that have been widely studied due to their therapeutic potential against various pathologies. These compounds are abundant in the chemical composition of essential oils. Cancer is a term that covers more than 100 different types of malignant diseases and is among the leading causes of death in the world. Therefore, the search for new pharmacotherapeutic options applicable to cancer is urgent. In this review, studies on the antitumor activity of monoterpenes found in essential oils were selected, and botanical, chemical, and pharmacological aspects were discussed. The most investigated monoterpenes were carvacrol and linalool with highly significant and tumor inhibition in several types of cancers. The action mechanisms of these natural products are also presented and are wildly varied being apoptosis the most prevalent followed by cell cycle impairment, ROS production, autophagy, necroptosis, and others. The studies reported here confirm the antitumor properties of monoterpenes and their anticancer potential against various types of tumors, as demonstrated in and studies using various types of cancer cells and tumors in animal models. The data described serve as a reference for the advancement in the mechanistic studies of these compounds and in the preparation of synthetic derivatives or analogues with a better antitumor profile.
Topics: Animals; Biological Products; Monoterpenes; Neoplasms; Oils, Volatile
PubMed: 35655488
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6317201 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2020Neurodegenerative and mood disorders represent growing medical and social problems, many of which are provoked by oxidative stress, disruption in the metabolism of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Neurodegenerative and mood disorders represent growing medical and social problems, many of which are provoked by oxidative stress, disruption in the metabolism of various neurotransmitters, and disturbances in calcium homeostasis. Biologically active plant compounds have been shown to exert a positive impact on the function of calcium in the central nervous system.
METHODS
The present paper reviews studies of naturally occurring terpenes and derivatives and the calcium-based aspects of their mechanisms of action, as these are known to act upon a number of targets linked to neurological prophylaxis and therapy.
RESULTS
Most of the studied phytochemicals possess anticancer, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, and these have been used to reduce the risk of or treat neurological diseases.
CONCLUSION
The neuroprotective actions of some phytochemicals may employ mechanisms based on regulation of calcium homeostasis and should be considered as therapeutic agents.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Calcium; Carotenoids; Humans; Monoterpenes; Mood Disorders; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neuroprotective Agents; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 32093213
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041428 -
Biomolecules Jun 2022Sirtuin 1 (SIRT) is a class III, NAD-dependent histone deacetylase that also modulates the activity of numerous non-histone proteins through deacylation. SIRT1 plays... (Review)
Review
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT) is a class III, NAD-dependent histone deacetylase that also modulates the activity of numerous non-histone proteins through deacylation. SIRT1 plays critical roles in regulating and integrating cellular energy metabolism, response to stress, and circadian rhythm by modulating epigenetic and transcriptional regulation, mitochondrial homeostasis, proteostasis, telomere maintenance, inflammation, and the response to hypoxia. SIRT1 expression and activity decrease with aging, and enhancing its activity extends life span in various organisms, including mammals, and improves many age-related diseases, including cancer, metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and renal diseases, but the opposite, that is, aggravation of various diseases, such as some cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, has also been reported. Accordingly, many natural and synthetic SIRT1 activators and inhibitors have been developed. Known SIRT1 activators of natural origin are mainly polyphenols. Nonetheless, various classes of non-polyphenolic monoterpenoids have been identified as inducers of SIRT1 expression and/or activity. This narrative review discusses current information on the evidence that supports the role of those compounds as SIRT1 activators and their potential both as tools for research and as pharmaceuticals for therapeutic application in age-related diseases.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Longevity; Mammals; Mitochondria; Monoterpenes; Sirtuin 1
PubMed: 35883477
DOI: 10.3390/biom12070921 -
Biomolecules Feb 2020Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a multifactorial and complex disease caused by an imbalance of protective and aggressive factors (endogenous and exogenous). Despite... (Review)
Review
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a multifactorial and complex disease caused by an imbalance of protective and aggressive factors (endogenous and exogenous). Despite advances in recent years, it is still responsible for substantial mortality and triggering clinical problems. Over the last decades, the understanding of PUD has changed a lot with the discovery of Helicobacter pylori infection. However, this disease continues to be a challenge due to side-effects, incidence of relapse from use of various anti-ulcer medicines, and the rapid appearance of antimicrobial resistance with current H. pylori therapies. Consequently, there is the need to identify more effective and safe anti-ulcer agents. The search for new therapies with natural products is a viable alternative and has been encouraged. The literature reports the importance of monoterpenes based on the extensive pharmacological action of this class, including wound healing and anti-ulcerogenic agents. In the present study, 20 monoterpenes with anti-ulcerogenic properties were evaluated by assessing recent in vitro and in vivo studies. Here, we review the anti-ulcer effects of monoterpenes against ulcerogenic factors such as ethanol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and Helicobacter pylori, highlighting challenges in the field.
Topics: Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Monoterpenes; Peptic Ulcer; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32050614
DOI: 10.3390/biom10020265 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2021Terpenes-a diverse group of secondary metabolites-constitute the largest class of natural products abundant in almost every plant species. The properties of concrete... (Review)
Review
Terpenes-a diverse group of secondary metabolites-constitute the largest class of natural products abundant in almost every plant species. The properties of concrete terpenes and essential oils have been intensively studied due to their widespread use in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industries. Despite the popularity of these aromatic compounds, their derivatives, terpenoids, are still not comprehensively characterized despite exhibiting potent bioactive properties. This review aims to assess the anticancer properties of selected monoterpenes including carvone, carvacrol, perillyl alcohol, perillaldehyde, limonene, menthol and their derivatives while also evaluating potential applications as novel anticancer treatments. Special attention is paid to functional groups that improve the bioactivity of monoterpene molecules. This review also covers the therapeutic potential of deep eutectic solvents that contain monoterpene substances. Taken together, the literature supports the use of monoterpene derivatives in the development of new alternatives for disease treatment and prevention.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Drug Discovery; Humans; Monoterpenes; Neoplasms; Plants
PubMed: 33946245
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094763 -
Biomolecules Nov 2019α- and β-pinene are well-known representatives of the monoterpenes group, and are found in many plants' essential oils. A wide range of pharmacological activities have... (Review)
Review
α- and β-pinene are well-known representatives of the monoterpenes group, and are found in many plants' essential oils. A wide range of pharmacological activities have been reported, including antibiotic resistance modulation, anticoagulant, antitumor, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti- and analgesic effects. This article aims to summarize the most prominent effects of α- and β-pinene, namely their cytogenetic, gastroprotective, anxiolytic, cytoprotective, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective effects, as well as their effects against HO-stimulated oxidative stress, pancreatitis, stress-stimulated hyperthermia, and pulpal pain. Finally, we will also discuss the bioavailability, administration, as well as their biological activity and clinical applications.
Topics: Bicyclic Monoterpenes
PubMed: 31739596
DOI: 10.3390/biom9110738