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BMC Ophthalmology Nov 2023Endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection is a potentially devastating complication of anti-VEGF injections. Post-injection endophthalmitis due to Enterococcus...
BACKGROUND
Endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection is a potentially devastating complication of anti-VEGF injections. Post-injection endophthalmitis due to Enterococcus faecalis is rare, and no previous case of Morganella morganii endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection has been reported.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present the first reported case of Morganella morganii and Enterococcus faecalis endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection in an immunocompetent patient in the absence of recent ocular surgery. Our patient presented with hand movement visual acuity one day after anti-VEGF injection and demonstrated no clinical improvement despite repeated intravitreal ceftazidime and vancomycin injections. A decision was made to proceed with early vitrectomy given failure of intravitreal antibiotics. Visual acuity improved to 6/90 at 12 weeks after vitrectomy without any evidence of disease recurrence.
CONCLUSIONS
Post-injection endophthalmitis due to concurrent Morganella morganii and Enterococcus faecalis infections can have visually devastating consequences despite repeated empirical and targeted intravitreal antibiotics. Lack of clinical improvement following intravitreal antibiotics should warrant consideration of early vitrectomy. Our experience is a pertinent reminder of the ever-growing threat of uncommon and multi-resistant bacteria that must be considered when treating infections such as post-injection endophthalmitis.
Topics: Humans; Morganella morganii; Enterococcus faecalis; Intravitreal Injections; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Endophthalmitis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Vitrectomy; Bacteria; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37950172
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03198-4 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2021is one of the main etiological agents of hospital-acquired infections and no licensed vaccine is available against the pathogen. Herein, we designed a...
is one of the main etiological agents of hospital-acquired infections and no licensed vaccine is available against the pathogen. Herein, we designed a multi-epitope-based vaccine against . Predicted proteins from fully sequenced genomes of the pathogen were subjected to a core sequences analysis, followed by the prioritization of non-redundant, host non-homologous and extracellular, outer membrane and periplasmic membrane virulent proteins as vaccine targets. Five proteins (TonB-dependent siderophore receptor, serralysin family metalloprotease, type 1 fimbrial protein, flagellar hook protein (FlgE), and pilus periplasmic chaperone) were shortlisted for the epitope prediction. The predicted epitopes were checked for antigenicity, toxicity, solubility, and binding affinity with the DRB*0101 allele. The selected epitopes were linked with each other through GPGPG linkers and were joined with the cholera toxin B subunit (CTBS) to boost immune responses. The tertiary structure of the vaccine was modeled and blindly docked with MHC-I, MHC-II, and Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4). Molecular dynamic simulations of 250 nanoseconds affirmed that the designed vaccine showed stable conformation with the receptors. Further, intermolecular binding free energies demonstrated the domination of both the van der Waals and electrostatic energies. Overall, the results of the current study might help experimentalists to develop a novel vaccine against .
Topics: Computational Biology; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; Immunity; Molecular Docking Simulation; Morganella morganii; Vaccines
PubMed: 34682706
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010961 -
Journal of Food Protection Apr 2020The effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatments on histamine-forming bacteria (HFB) Morganella morganii and Photobacterium phosphoreum in phosphate buffer and...
ABSTRACT
The effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatments on histamine-forming bacteria (HFB) Morganella morganii and Photobacterium phosphoreum in phosphate buffer and tuna meat slurry were investigated using viability counting and scanning electron microscopy. The first-order model fits the destruction kinetics of high pressure on M. morganii and P. phosphoreum during the pressure hold period. The D-values of M. morganii (200 to 600 MPa) and P. phosphoreum (100 to 400 MPa) in phosphate buffer ranged from 16.4 to 0.08 min and 26.4 to 0.19 min, respectively, whereas those in tuna meat slurry ranged from 51.0 to 0.09 min and 71.6 to 0.19 min, respectively. M. morganii had higher D-values than P. phosphoreum at the same pressure, indicating it was more resistant to HHP treatment. HFB had a higher D-value in tuna meat slurry compared with that in phosphate buffer, indicating that the HFB were more resistant to pressure in tuna meat slurry. The Zp values (pressure range that results in a 10-fold change in D-value) of M. morganii and P. phosphoreum were 162 and 140 MPa in phosphate buffer and 153 and 105 MPa in tuna meat slurry, respectively. Damage to the cell wall and cell membrane by HHP treatments can be observed by scanning electron microscopy. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate that HHP can be applied to inactivate the HFB M. morganii and P. phosphoreum by inducing morphological changes in the cells.
Topics: Animals; Food Handling; Food Preservation; Histamine; Morganella morganii; Photobacterium; Pressure
PubMed: 32221566
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-267 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2022Antimicrobial resistance in Morganella morganii is increasing in recent years, which is mainly introduced via extra genetic and mobile elements. The aim of our study is...
Antimicrobial resistance in Morganella morganii is increasing in recent years, which is mainly introduced via extra genetic and mobile elements. The aim of our study is to analyze the multidrug resistance (MDR) and characterize the mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in M. morganii isolates. Here, we report the characteristic of a pathogenic M. morganii isolate containing multidrug resistance genes that are mainly carried by a novel transposon Tn and a genomic island. Sequence analysis suggested that the Tn could be generated through homologous recombination between two different IS-bounded translocatable units (TUs), namely, module A (IS-Hp-IS-(A)-(A)--IS---) and module B (IS-------IS), and the genomic island named MMGI-4 might derive from a partial structure of different original genomic islands that also carried IS-mediated TUs. Notably, a 2,518-bp sequence linked to the module A and B contains a 570-bp gene. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the novel Tn possessing a complex class 1 integron that carried an infrequent gene in M. morganii. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), especially for IS-bounded translocatable units, may act as a reservoir for a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes in clinically important pathogenic bacteria. We expounded this significant genetic characteristic by investigating a representative M. morganii isolate containing multidrug resistance genes, including the infrequent . Our study suggested that these acquired resistance genes were mainly driven by IS-flanked important MGEs, such as the novel Tn and the MMGI-4. We demonstrated that IS-related MGEs contributed to the emergence of the extra gene in M. morganii through some potential genetic events like recombination, transposition, and integration. Therefore, it is of importance to investigate persistently the prevalence these MEGs in the clinical pathogens to provide risk assessment of emergence and development of novel resistance genes.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; DNA Transposable Elements; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Genes, MDR; Genomic Islands; Integrons; Morganella morganii
PubMed: 35510850
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00265-22 -
Veterinary Sciences Oct 2022Medicinal leeches () are used in surgical and non-surgical manners. is an opportunistic and zoonotic pathogenic bacterium causing serious clinical complications. In...
Medicinal leeches () are used in surgical and non-surgical manners. is an opportunistic and zoonotic pathogenic bacterium causing serious clinical complications. In this study, we isolated, discovered and characterized -infected . We detected and identified in all inflamed and swollen samples. The 16S rRNA sequence of the isolates confirmed all strains of . All strains were sensitive to Ceftriaxone, Ceftiofur, Danofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Oxytetracycline, and Meropenem and were resistant to Erythromycin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Cefazolin, Colistin, Penicillin G, and Lincomycin. This pathogenic bacterium is a zoonotic pathogen, and monitoring the prevalence rate of this bacteria is strongly necessary for leeches used in human medical treatment and care. Finally, all infected leeches were treated successfully in this case report study.
PubMed: 36288175
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100562 -
MSphere Dec 2021The spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing is a public health concern. KPC-encoding is predominantly spread by strains of a particular...
Molecular Analysis of -Harboring Plasmids: Tn Interplasmid Transposition and Tn-Carrying ColRNAI Plasmid Mobilization from Klebsiella pneumoniae to Citrobacter europaeus and Morganella morganii in a Single Patient.
The spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing is a public health concern. KPC-encoding is predominantly spread by strains of a particular phylogenetic lineage, clonal group 258, but can also be spread by horizontal transfer of -carrying plasmids. Here, we report the transfer of a -harboring plasmid via mobilization from K. pneumoniae to Citrobacter freundii complex and Morganella morganii strains in a single patient. We performed draft whole-genome sequencing to analyze 20 carbapenemase-producing strains (15 of K. pneumoniae, two of C. freundii complex, and three of M. morganii) and all K. pneumoniae strains using MiSeq and/or MinION isolated from a patient who was hospitalized in New York and Montreal before returning to Japan. All strains harbored -containing Tn. The 15 K. pneumoniae strains each belonged to sequence type 258 and harbored a Tn-carrying multireplicon-type plasmid, IncN and IncR (IncN+R). Three of these K. pneumoniae strains also possessed a Tn-carrying ColRNAI plasmid, suggesting that Tn underwent interplasmid transposition. Of these three ColRNAI plasmids, two and one were identical to plasmids harbored by two Citrobacter europaeus and three M. morganii strains, respectively. The Tn-carrying ColRNAI plasmids were each 23,753 bp long and incapable of conjugal transfer via their own genes alone, but they mobilized during the conjugal transfer of Tn-carrying IncN+R plasmids in K. pneumoniae. Interplasmid transposition of Tn from an IncN+R plasmid to a ColRNAI plasmid in K. pneumoniae and mobilization of Tn-carrying ColRNAI plasmids contributed to the acquisition of in and M. morganii. Plasmid transfer plays an important role in the interspecies spread of carbapenemase genes, including the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-coding gene, . We conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis and transmission experiments to analyze -carrying mobile genetic elements (MGEs) between the -harboring K. pneumoniae, Citrobacter europaeus, and Morganella morganii strains isolated from a single patient. was contained within an MGE, Tn. WGS of -carrying K. pneumoniae, , and M. morganii strains isolated from one patient revealed that Tn-carrying ColRNAI plasmids were generated by plasmid-to-plasmid transfer of Tn from a multireplicon-type IncN and IncR (IncN+R) plasmid in K. pneumoniae strains. Tn-carrying ColRNAI plasmids were incapable of conjugal transfer in and M. morganii but mobilized from K. pneumoniae to a recipient Escherichia coli strain during the conjugal transfer of Tn-carrying IncN+R plasmid. Therefore, Tn-carrying ColRNAI plasmids contributed to the acquisition of in and M. morganii.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Citrobacter; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Morganella morganii; Plasmids; Whole Genome Sequencing; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 34730375
DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00850-21 -
International Microbiology : the... Nov 2022Acanthamoeba castellanii, known as the "Trojan horse of the microbial world," is known to host a variety of microorganisms including viruses, yeasts, protists, and...
Acanthamoeba castellanii, known as the "Trojan horse of the microbial world," is known to host a variety of microorganisms including viruses, yeasts, protists, and bacteria. Acanthamoeba can act as a vector and may aid in the transmission of various bacterial pathogens to potential hosts and are found in a variety of places, thus impacting the health of humans, animals, and the environment. These are interconnected in a system known as "one health." With the global threat of antibiotic resistance, bacteria may avoid harsh conditions, antibiotics, and disinfectants by sheltering within Acanthamoeba. In this study, Acanthamoeba castellanii interaction with Morganella morganii, a Gram-negative bacterium was studied. Escherichia coli K1 interaction with Acanthamoeba was carried out as a control. Association, invasion, and survival assays were accomplished. Morganella morganii was found to associate, invade, and survive within Acanthamoeba castellanii. Additionally, Escherichia coli K1 was also found to associate, invade, and survive within the Acanthamoeba at a higher number in comparison to Morganella morganii. For the first time, we have shown that Morganella morganii interact, invade, and survive within Acanthamoeba castellanii, suggesting that Acanthamoeba may be a potential vector in the transmission of Morganella morganii to susceptible hosts. Taking a one health approach to tackle and develop disinfectants to target Acanthamoeba is warranted, as the amoebae may be hosting various microbes such as multiple drug-resistant bacteria and even viruses such as the novel coronavirus.
Topics: Acanthamoeba castellanii; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; COVID-19; Disinfectants; Escherichia coli; Humans; Morganella morganii; One Health
PubMed: 35794501
DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00261-w -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Jul 2023The world-famous markets of Marrakech, also known in Arabic as souks, harbor a vast diversity of reptiles that are sold for medicinal/magic/pet purposes or used for...
The world-famous markets of Marrakech, also known in Arabic as souks, harbor a vast diversity of reptiles that are sold for medicinal/magic/pet purposes or used for snake charming. This unique epidemiological context has never been studied considering the interactions of humans, reptiles, and zoonotic pathogens. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the parasites and pathogens present in blood and feces associated with handled reptiles in the markets of Marrakech to assess the risk of zoonotic transmission within the reptile-human interface. Privately owned reptiles (n = 118), coming from vendors or snake charmers, were examined and blood and feces sampled. DNA was extracted and molecular screening (cPCR, nPCR, qPCR, dqPCR) was performed aiming to identify potentially zoonotic pathogens (i.e., Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii, Babesia/Theileria spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., Leishmania spp., Cestoda). Overall, 28.9% (34/118) of reptiles were positive for at least one pathogen. In blood, Anaplasma spp. were detected in four snakes, with two Montpellier snakes positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, while Rickettsia spp. were detected in one Mediterranean chameleon and four puff adders. Leishmania tarentolae was molecularly detected in a Mediterranean chameleon and a Montpellier snake. In feces, the cox1 gene generated a myriad of sequences for nematodes, cestodes, fungi and bacteria. Importantly, Proteus vulgaris was identified from a Mediterranean chameleon. Cryptosporidium spp. nPCR yielded a positive sample (i.e., Cryptosporidium sp. apodemus genotype I) from a Moroccan worm lizard, as well as for bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an Egyptian cobra, and Morganella morganii from a puff adder. Results from this study demonstrated the risk of zoonotic transmission of microorganisms and parasites present in blood and feces from reptiles that are brought to the souks in Marrakech, Morocco, to be sold for medicinal purposes or used for snake charming, being in direct and straight contact with humans.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Cryptosporidiosis; Morocco; Cryptosporidium; Rickettsia; Parasites; Anaplasma; Snakes; Reptiles
PubMed: 37467211
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011431 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Oct 2022Snakebite is a common occurrence in Hangzhou, and identifying bacteria in wounds is very important for snakebite treatment. To define the pattern of wound bacterial... (Review)
Review
Snakebite is a common occurrence in Hangzhou, and identifying bacteria in wounds is very important for snakebite treatment. To define the pattern of wound bacterial flora of venomous snakebites and their susceptibility to common antibiotics, we reviewed the medical charts of patients admitted with snakebite at Hangzhou TCM Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020. A total of 311 patients were enrolled in this study. Among them, bacteria culture was positive in 40 patients, and 80 organisms were isolated. The most frequent pathogens were Morganella morganii and Staphylococcus aureus. According to the results of susceptibility testing, a majority of the isolates were resistant to some common first-line antibiotics, such as ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, and cephazolin. Quinolones, however, have shown a better antibacterial effect. In conclusion, snakebite wounds involve a wide range of bacteria. Fluoroquinolones, such as levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, could be an alternative for empirical treatment in patients with snakebite when the effect of other antibiotics is poor.
Topics: Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Cefazolin; Cefoxitin; Ciprofloxacin; Clavulanic Acid; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Levofloxacin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Snake Bites; Sulbactam; Venoms
PubMed: 36067984
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1314 -
Infectious Diseases and Therapy Jul 2023Gram-negative resistance is a well-acknowledged public health threat. Surveillance data can be used to monitor resistance trends and identify strategies to mitigate...
INTRODUCTION
Gram-negative resistance is a well-acknowledged public health threat. Surveillance data can be used to monitor resistance trends and identify strategies to mitigate their threat. The objective of this study was to assess antibiotic resistance trends in Gram-negative bacteria.
METHODS
The first cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, and Serratia marcescens per hospitalized patient per month collected from 125 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs) between 2011 to 2020 were included. Time trends of resistance phenotypes (carbapenem, fluoroquinolone, extended-spectrum cephalosporin, multi-drug, and difficult-to-treat) were analyzed with Joinpoint regression to estimate average annual percent changes (AAPC) with 95% confidence intervals and p values. A 2020 antibiogram of reported antibiotic percent susceptibilities was also created to evaluate resistance rates at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.
RESULTS
Among 40 antimicrobial resistance phenotype trends assessed in 494,593 Gram-negative isolates, there were no noted increases; significant decreases were observed in 87.5% (n = 35), including in all P. aeruginosa, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, M. morganii, and S. marcescens phenotypes (p < 0.05). The largest decreases were seen in carbapenem-resistant phenotypes of P. mirabilis, Klebsiella, and M. morganii (AAPCs: - 22.9%, - 20.7%, and - 20.6%, respectively). In 2020, percent susceptibility was over 80% for all organisms tested against aminoglycosides, cefepime, ertapenem, meropenem, ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, and meropenem-vaborbactam.
CONCLUSION
We observed significant decreases in antibiotic resistance for P. aeruginosa and Enterobacterales over the past decade. According to the 2020 antibiogram, in vitro antimicrobial activity was observed for most treatment options. These results may be related to the robust infection control and antimicrobial stewardship programs instituted nationally among VAMCs.
PubMed: 37326931
DOI: 10.1007/s40121-023-00827-9