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Journal of Korean Medical Science Jan 2022Injury is a social problem that causes health and property losses, and it is important to identify the size and trend of injury for efficient prevention and management....
BACKGROUND
Injury is a social problem that causes health and property losses, and it is important to identify the size and trend of injury for efficient prevention and management. Therefore, this study analyzed the trends in injury mortality and hospitalization rates from 2005 to 2019 in Korea.
METHODS
Using mortality data by Statistics Korea and Korea National Hospital Discharge In-depth injury survey by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), age standardized rates were calculated for death and hospitalization to analyze trends and annual changes with the joinpoint regression model. In addition, annual changes in the hospitalization rate of the transport accident and fall injuries by age group were analyzed, which are the major causes of injuries.
RESULTS
From 2005 to 2019, the injury mortality rate has been on the decline, but the injury hospitalization rate has been on the rise. The annual rate of change varied depending on the injury mechanism, but the mortality rate tended to decrease or remain similar level, while the rate of hospitalization has steadily increased. In addition, by age group, injury mortality and hospitalization rates were high in the elderly. In particular, the hospitalization rate of the elderly was higher when comparing the hospitalization rate of the children in transport accidents and falls. Pedestrian transport accidents tended to decrease under the age of 15, but remained similar for those aged 65 and older, and bicycle accidents tended to increase in both groups. In addition, hospitalization rates were higher in the fall, with both groups showing a statistically significant increase in hospitalization rates caused by falls.
CONCLUSION
This study analyzed the trend of injury mortality and hospitalization and found that transport accidents and falls may vary depending on the means or age of the accident. Since injury is a big social problem that is a burden of disease, safety education and legal sanctions for injury prevention should be further improved in the future, especially by prioritizing vulnerable groups by age and detailed mechanisms of injury.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cause of Death; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; Republic of Korea; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 35040294
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e10 -
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly... Apr 2021CDC's National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) collects and reports annual mortality statistics using data from U.S. death certificates. Because of the time needed to...
CDC's National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) collects and reports annual mortality statistics using data from U.S. death certificates. Because of the time needed to investigate certain causes of death and to process and review data, final annual mortality data for a given year are typically released 11 months after the end of the calendar year. Daily totals reported by CDC COVID-19 case surveillance are timely but can underestimate numbers of deaths because of incomplete or delayed reporting. As a result of improvements in timeliness and the pressing need for updated, quality data during the global COVID-19 pandemic, NVSS expanded provisional data releases to produce near real-time U.S. mortality data.* This report presents an overview of provisional U.S. mortality data for 2020, including the first ranking of leading causes of death. In 2020, approximately 3,358,814 deaths occurred in the United States. From 2019 to 2020, the estimated age-adjusted death rate increased by 15.9%, from 715.2 to 828.7 deaths per 100,000 population. COVID-19 was reported as the underlying cause of death or a contributing cause of death for an estimated 377,883 (11.3%) of those deaths (91.5 deaths per 100,000). The highest age-adjusted death rates by age, race/ethnicity, and sex occurred among adults aged ≥85 years, non-Hispanic Black or African American (Black) and non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons, and males. COVID-19 death rates were highest among adults aged ≥85 years, AI/AN and Hispanic persons, and males. COVID-19 was the third leading cause of death in 2020, after heart disease and cancer. Provisional death estimates provide an early indication of shifts in mortality trends and can guide public health policies and interventions aimed at reducing numbers of deaths that are directly or indirectly associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; COVID-19; Cause of Death; Child; Child, Preschool; Ethnicity; Female; Health Status Disparities; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; Racial Groups; United States; Vital Statistics; Young Adult
PubMed: 33830988
DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7014e1 -
Chest Apr 2021Despite numerous advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology, progression, and management of acute respiratory failure (ARF) and ARDS, limited contemporary data...
BACKGROUND
Despite numerous advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology, progression, and management of acute respiratory failure (ARF) and ARDS, limited contemporary data are available on the mortality burden of ARF and ARDS in the United States.
RESEARCH QUESTION
What are the contemporary trends and geographic variation in ARF and ARDS-related mortality in the United States?
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
A retrospective analysis of the National Center for Health Statistics' nationwide mortality data was conducted to assess the ARF and ARDS-related mortality trends from 2014 through 2018 and the geographic distribution of ARF and ARDS-related deaths in 2018 for all American residents. Piecewise linear regression was used to evaluate the trends in age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) in the overall population and various demographic subgroups of age, sex, race, urbanization, and region.
RESULTS
Among 1,434,349 ARF-related deaths and 52,958 ARDS-related deaths during the study period, the AAMR was highest in older individuals (≥ 65 years), non-Hispanic Black people, and those living in the nonmetropolitan region. The AAMR for ARF-related deaths (per 100,000 people) increased from 74.9 (95% CI, 74.6-75.2) in 2014 to 85.6 (95% CI, 85.3-85.9) in 2018 (annual percentage change [APC], 3.4 [95% CI, 2.2-4.6]; P = .003). The AAMR (per 100,000 people) for ARDS-related deaths was 3.2 (95% CI, 3.2-3.3) in 2014 and 3.0 (95% CI, 3.0-3.1 in 2018; APC, -0.9 [95% CI, -5.4 to 3.8]; P = .56). The observed increase in rates for ARF mortality was consistent across the subgroups of age, sex, race or ethnicity, urbanization status, and geographical region (P < .05 for all). The AAMR (per 100,000 people) for ARF (91.3 [95% CI, 90.8-91.8]) and ARDS-related mortality (3.3 [95% CI, 3.2-3.4]) in 2018 were highest in the South.
INTERPRETATION
The ARF-related mortality increased at approximately 3.4% annually, and ARDS-related mortality showed a lack of decline in the last 5 years. These data contextualize important health information to guide priorities for research, clinical care, and policy, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the United States.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Respiratory Insufficiency; Retrospective Studies; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 33393472
DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.10.042 -
BMJ Global Health May 2024
Topics: Humans; Middle East; Health Facilities; Mortality
PubMed: 38760024
DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014756 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Neonatal mortality rate (NMR), infant mortality rate (IMR), and child mortality rate (CMR) show a huge difference across countries, which has been posing challenges for...
BACKGROUND
Neonatal mortality rate (NMR), infant mortality rate (IMR), and child mortality rate (CMR) show a huge difference across countries, which has been posing challenges for public health policies and medical resource allocation.
METHODS
Bayesian spatiotemporal model is applied to assess the detailed spatiotemporal evolution of NMR, IMR, and CMR from a global perspective. Panel data from 185 countries from 1990 to 2019 are collected.
RESULTS
The continuously decreasing trend of NMR, IMR, and CMR indicated a great improvement in neonatal, infant, and child mortality worldwide. Further, huge differences in the NMR, IMR, and CMR still exist across countries. In addition, the gap of NMR, IMR, and CMR across the countries presented a widening trend from the perspective of dispersion degree and kernel densities. The spatiotemporal heterogeneities demonstrated that the decline degree among these three indicators could be observed as CMR > IMR > NMR. Countries such as Brazil, Sweden, Libya, Myanmar, Thailand, Uzbekistan, Greece, and Zimbabwe showed the highest values of b , indicating a weaker downward trend compared to the overall downward trend in the world.
CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed the spatiotemporal patterns and trends in the levels and improvement of NMR, IMR, and CMR across countries. Further, NMR, IMR, and CMR show a continuously decreasing trend, but the differences in improvement degree present a widening trend across countries. This study provides further implications for policy in newborns, infants, and children's health to reduce health inequality worldwide.
Topics: Child; Infant; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Child Mortality; Health Status Disparities; Bayes Theorem; Infant Mortality; Public Policy
PubMed: 36844832
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.996694 -
BMC Public Health Aug 2021Maternal mortality ratio is an important indicator to evaluate the health status in developing countries. Previous studies on maternal mortality ratio in China were...
BACKGROUND
Maternal mortality ratio is an important indicator to evaluate the health status in developing countries. Previous studies on maternal mortality ratio in China were limited to certain areas or short periods of time, and there was a lack of research on correlations with public health funding. This study aimed to assess the trends in the maternal mortality ratio, the causes of maternal death, and the correlations between maternal mortality ratio and total health financing composition in China from 1990 to 2019.
METHODS
Data in this longitudinal study were collected from the China Health Statistics Yearbooks (1991-2020) and China Statistical Yearbook 2020. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the trends in the maternal mortality ratio in China. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlations between national maternal mortality ratio and total health financing composition.
RESULTS
The yearly trends of the national, rural and urban maternal mortality ratio were - 2.290 (p < 0.01), - 3.167 (p < 0.01), and - 0.901 (p < 0.01), respectively. The gap in maternal mortality ratio between urban and rural areas has narrowed. Obstetric hemorrhage was the leading cause of maternal death. The mortalities ratios for the main causes of maternal death all decreased in China from 1990 to 2019. The hospital delivery rate in China increased, with almost all pregnant women giving birth in hospitals in 2019. Government health expenditure as a proportion of total health expenditure was negatively correlated with the maternal mortality ratio (r = - 0.667, p < 0.01), and out-of-pocket health expenditure as a proportion of total health expenditure was positively correlated with the maternal mortality ratio (r = 0.516, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
China has made remarkable progress in improving maternal survival, especially in rural areas. The maternal mortality ratio in China showed a downward trend over time. To further reduce the maternal mortality ratio, China should take effective measures to prevent obstetric hemorrhage, increase the quality of obstetric care, improve the efficiency and fairness of the government health funding, reduce income inequality, and strengthen the medical security system.
Topics: China; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Maternal Death; Maternal Mortality; Pregnancy; Rural Population
PubMed: 34380436
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11557-3 -
BMC Cancer Nov 2022Breast cancer incidence is rising globally, while mortality rates show a geographical heterogenous pattern. Early detection and treatment have been proven to have a...
BACKGROUND
Breast cancer incidence is rising globally, while mortality rates show a geographical heterogenous pattern. Early detection and treatment have been proven to have a profound impact on breast cancer prognosis. The aim of his study was to compare breast cancer incidence, mortality, and survival rates in two contrasting corners of Europe, Sweden and Crete, to better understand cancer determinants with focus on disease burden and sociocultural factors.
METHODS
Breast cancer data from Sweden and Crete was derived from registries. Incidence and mortality were expressed as Age-Standardized Incidence Rates (ASIR), Age-Standardized Mortality Rates (ASMR).
FINDINGS
Breast cancer incidence has for decades risen in Sweden and on Crete. In 2019, ASIR was 217.5 in Sweden and 58.9 on Crete, (p < 0.001). Mortality rates showed opposite trends. ASMR in Sweden was reduced from 25.5 to 16.8 (2005-2019) while on Crete, ASMR increased from 22.1 to 25.3. A successive rise in survival rate in Sweden with a 5-year survival rate of 92% since 2015, but a converse development on Crete with 85% 5-year survival rate the same year.
INTERPRETATION
The incidence of breast cancer is slowly rising in both studied regions, but mortality increases on Crete in contrast to Sweden with sinking mortality rates. The interpretation of these findings is that differences in health care systems and health policies including differences in early detection like screening programs and early treatment, as well as sociocultural factors in the two countries might play an important role on the differences found in breast cancer burden.
Topics: Female; Humans; Breast Neoplasms; Incidence; Mortality; Registries; Survival Rate; Sweden; Greece
PubMed: 36319987
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10243-w -
Scandinavian Journal of Public Health Jun 2024The aim of this study was to investigate associations between having visited the theatre/cinema and an arts exhibition during the past year and all-cause, cardiovascular...
AIMS
The aim of this study was to investigate associations between having visited the theatre/cinema and an arts exhibition during the past year and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and other-cause mortality.
METHODS
The 2008 public health postal survey in Scania, Sweden, was distributed to a stratified random sample of the adult population (18-80 years old). The participation rate was 54.1%, and 25,420 participants were included in the present study. The baseline 2008 survey data were linked to cause-of-death register data to create a prospective cohort with 8.3-year follow-up. Associations between visit to the theatre/cinema, visit to an arts exhibition and mortality were investigated in survival (Cox) regression models.
RESULTS
Just over a quarter (26.5%) had visited both the theatre/cinema and an arts exhibition during the past year, 36.6% only the theatre/cinema, 4.9% only an arts exhibition and 32% neither of the two. Not visiting the theatre/cinema during the past year was associated with higher all-cause and CVD mortality. Not visiting an arts exhibition was associated with higher all-cause and other-cause mortality. The combination of having visited neither the theatre/cinema nor an arts exhibition during the past year was associated with higher all-cause, CVD and other-cause mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
Topics: Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Sweden; Male; Female; Prospective Studies; Young Adult; Adolescent; Aged, 80 and over; Mortality; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Art; Neoplasms; Culture
PubMed: 37086102
DOI: 10.1177/14034948231165853 -
Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia =... 2021To estimate trends of fetal (FMR) and neonatal (NMR) mortality rates due to avoidable causes and maternal education in the city of Rio de Janeiro (2000-2018).
OBJECTIVE
To estimate trends of fetal (FMR) and neonatal (NMR) mortality rates due to avoidable causes and maternal education in the city of Rio de Janeiro (2000-2018).
METHODS
Ecological time series study. Mortality and Live Birth Information System Data. The List of Avoidable Causes of Death Due to Interventions of the Brazilian Health System was used for neonatal deaths and an adaptation for fetal deaths, according to maternal education indicators (low <4 and high ≥12, years of study). Joinpoint regression models were used to estimate trends in FMR, based on one thousand births, and NMR, based on one thousand live births.
RESULTS
FMR decreased from 11.0 to 9.3% and NMR from 11.3 to 7.8% (2000/2018). In 2006, FMR (10.5%) exceeded NMR (9.0%), remaining higher. From 2000 to 2018, the annual decrease of FMR was 0.8% (2000 to 2018) and of NMR, 3.8% until 2007, decreasing to 1.1% by 2011; from then on, it remained stable. Avoidable causes, especially those reducible by adequate prenatal care, showed higher rates. Both FMR and NMR for low-education women were higher than those for the high-education level, the difference being much more pronounced for FMR, and at the end of the period: low- and high-education FMR were respectively 16.4 and 4.5% (2000) and 48.5 and 3.9% (2018), and for NMR, 18.2 and 6.7% (2000) and 28.4 and 5.0% (2018).
CONCLUSION
The favorable trend of decreasing mortality was not observed for children of mothers with low education, revealing inequalities. The causes were mostly avoidable, being related to prenatal care and childbirth.
Topics: Brazil; Cause of Death; Child; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Maternal Mortality; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care
PubMed: 33886881
DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720210008.supl.1 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2022This study aims to investigate the trends of avoidable mortality and regional inequality from 1995 to 2019 and to provide evidence for policy effectiveness to address...
This study aims to investigate the trends of avoidable mortality and regional inequality from 1995 to 2019 and to provide evidence for policy effectiveness to address regional health disparities in Korea. Mortality and population data were obtained from the Statistics Korea database. Age-standardized all-cause, avoidable, preventable, and treatable mortality was calculated for each year by sex and region. Changes in mortality trends between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas were compared with absolute and relative differences. Avoidable mortality decreased by 65.7% (350.5 to 120.2/100,000 persons) in Korea, 64.5% in metropolitan areas, and 65.8% in non-metropolitan areas. The reduction in avoidable mortality was greater in males than in females in both areas. The main causes of death that contribute to the reduction of avoidable mortality are cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and injuries. In preventable mortality, the decrease in non-metropolitan areas (-192.4/100,000 persons) was greater than that in metropolitan areas (-142.7/100,000 persons). However, in treatable mortality, there was no significant difference between the two areas. While inequalities in preventable mortality improved, inequalities in treatable mortality worsened, especially in females. Our findings suggest that regional health disparities can be resolved through a balanced regional development strategy with an ultimate goal of reducing health disparities.
Topics: Cause of Death; Databases, Factual; Female; Health Policy; Humans; Male; Mortality; Neoplasms; Republic of Korea
PubMed: 35329162
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063475