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Pharmaceutical Biology Dec 2022Hedysari Radix Praeparata Cum Melle (HRPCM) and Astragali Radix Praeparata Cum Melle (ARPCM) are used interchangeably in clinics to treat spleen-qi deficiency (SQD)...
Comparative study on the gastrointestinal- and immune- regulation functions of Hedysari Radix Paeparata Cum Melle and Astragali Radix Praeparata cum Melle in rats with spleen-qi deficiency, based on fuzzy matter-element analysis.
CONTEXT
Hedysari Radix Praeparata Cum Melle (HRPCM) and Astragali Radix Praeparata Cum Melle (ARPCM) are used interchangeably in clinics to treat spleen-qi deficiency (SQD) symptom mainly including gastrointestinal dysfunction and decreased immunity, which has unknown differences in efficacy.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the differences between HRPCM and ARPCM on intervening gastrointestinal- and immune-function with SQD syndrome.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
After the SQD model was established, the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into nine groups ( = 10): normal; model; Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi Pills; 18.9, 12.6 and 6.3 g/kg dose groups of HRPCM and ARPCM. Gastrointestinal function including d-xylose, gastrin, amylase vasoactive intestinal peptide, motilin, pepsin, H/K-ATPase, Na/K-ATPase, sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and immune function including spleen and thymus index, blood routine, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgA, IgG and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) were detected. Finally, the efficacy differences were analysed comprehensively by the fuzzy matter-element method.
RESULTS
In regulating immune, the doses differences in efficacy between HRPCM and ARPCM showed in the high-dose (18.9 g/kg), but there were no differences in the middle- and low- dose (12.6 and 6.37 g/kg); the efficacy differences were primarily reflected in levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IgM in serum, and the mRNA expression of IL-6 and IFN-γ in the spleen. In regulating gastrointestinal, the efficacy differences were primarily reflected in the levels of D-xylose, MTL, and GAS in serum, and the mRNA and protein expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in jejunum and ileum.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
HRPCM is more effective than ARPCM on regulating gastrointestinal function and immune function with SQD syndrome. Therefore, we propose that HRPCM should be mainly used to treat SQD syndrome in the future.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Astragalus Plant; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Interleukin-6; RNA, Messenger; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spleen; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Xylose
PubMed: 35763552
DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2086990 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of subsp VHProbi YB11 (YB11) on attenuating sucralfate-induced constipation in BALB/c mice. The strain of YB11...
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of subsp VHProbi YB11 (YB11) on attenuating sucralfate-induced constipation in BALB/c mice. The strain of YB11 exhibited favorable tolerance of simulated gastrointestinal (GI) juice. Only 0.42 Log value declined when the live cells of YB11 were co-incubated with simulated GI juice. Meanwhile, this strain also displayed perfect ability to adhere the intestinal epithelium Caco-2 cells with adhesion index of 18.5. 24 of female mice were randomized into four groups.
METHODS
The normal group (NOR) was fed with a normal diet, whereas the placebo group (PLA), positive group (POS), and probiotic group (PRO) were fed with sucralfate to induce constipation. After first successfully establishing the constipation model, groups NOR and PLA received the oral administration of saline solutions. Meanwhile, the POS and PRO groups were orally administered phenolphthalein and YB11 suspensions, respectively. Several indices, including fecal water content, GI transit time, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), intestinal neuropeptides level, and histopathology of colonic tissues, were investigated.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Compared with PLA, YB11 had a positive effect in increasing the fecal water content and intestinal peristalsis. Some positive trends, including the acetic and total acids level of fecal samples, and the colonic tissue histopathology, were also observed. Furthermore, YB11 had an ability to upregulate the levels of gut excitatory neuropeptides including motilin, gastrin, and substance P, whereas it downregulated the levels of inhibitory neuropeptides including endothelin-1, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide. We conclude that the strain YB11 has a positive impact on improving gastrointestinal mobility and reducing the severity of constipation.
PubMed: 36532450
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1040371 -
American Journal of Physiology.... Jul 2021Bitter tastants are recently introduced as potential hunger-suppressive compounds, the so-called "Bitter pill." However, the literature about bitter administration lacks... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Bitter tastants are recently introduced as potential hunger-suppressive compounds, the so-called "Bitter pill." However, the literature about bitter administration lacks consistency in methods and findings. We want to test whether hunger ratings and hormone plasma levels are affected by: ) the site of administration: intragastrically (IG) or intraduodenally (ID), ) the bitter tastant itself, quinine hydrochloride (QHCl) or denatonium benzoate (DB), and ) the timing of infusion. Therefore, 14 healthy, female volunteers participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled six-visit crossover study. After an overnight fast, DB (1 µmol/kg), QHCl (10 µmol/kg), or placebo were given IG or ID via a nasogastric feeding tube. Blood samples were taken 10 min before administration and every 10 min after administration for a period of 2 h. Hunger was rated at the same time points on a visual analogue scale. ID bitter administration did not affect hunger sensations, motilin, or acyl-ghrelin release compared with its placebo infusion. IG QHCl infusion tended to suppress hunger increase, especially between 50 and 70 min after infusion, simultaneously with reduced motilin values. Here, acyl-ghrelin was not affected. IG DB did not affect hunger or motilin, however acyl-ghrelin levels were reduced 50-70 minutes after infusion. Plasma values of glucagon-like peptide 1 and cholecystokinin were too low to be properly detected or to have any physiological relevance. In conclusion, bitter tastants should be infused into the stomach to reduce hunger sensations and orexigenic gut peptides. QHCl has the best potential to reduce hunger sensations, and it should be infused 60 min before food intake. Bitter tastants are a potential new weight-loss treatment. This is a noninvasive, easy approach, which should be received with considerable enthusiasm by the public. However, literature about bitter administration lacks consistency in methods and findings. We summarize how the compound should be given based on: the site of administration, the best bitter compound to use, and at what timing in respect to the meal. This paper is therefore a fundamental step to continue research toward the further development of the "bitter pill."
Topics: Cholecystokinin; Cross-Over Studies; Duodenum; Female; Ghrelin; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hunger; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Motilin; Peptide Hormones; Placebos; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Quinine; Single-Blind Method; Stomach; Taste; Weight Loss; Young Adult
PubMed: 34029163
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00636.2020 -
Journal of Exercise Nutrition &... Dec 2019In this study, we examined the in vitro antioxidant activities and laxative effects of taurine-xylose (T-X), a synthetic taurine-carbohydrate derivative, in a rat model...
PURPOSE
In this study, we examined the in vitro antioxidant activities and laxative effects of taurine-xylose (T-X), a synthetic taurine-carbohydrate derivative, in a rat model of constipation induced by loperamide.
METHODS
The animals were divided into four treatment groups: normal untreated rats (NOR group), loperamide-treated control rats (CON group), loperamide and taurine-xylose (15 mg/kg)-treated rats (T-X group), and loperamide and commercial Dulcolax S (5.5 mg/kg)-treated rats (DS group).
RESULTS
In the present study, T-X exhibited potent reducing power and free radical scavenging activities for DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS+ (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonic acid ammonium salt) radicals. The laxative effects of T-X were dependent on food, body weight, fecal properties, gastrointestinal transit (GIT) ratio, and serum metabolic parameters. In the T-X group, the number, wet weight, and water content of fecal pellets were noticeably increased compared to those in the loperamide-induced group. T-X treatment significantly increased the activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, including those of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), relative to those in loperamide-induced constipated rats. Furthermore, the GIT ratio and loperamide-induced metabolic parameters in serum, including gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), and somatostatin (SS) levels, were significantly improved by T-X treatment.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that taurine-xylose exerts antioxidant activities and laxative effects on loperamide-induced constipation by promoting gastrointestinal motility.
PubMed: 32018340
DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2019.0025 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023The demand for complementary and alternative medicine for the management of functional dyspepsia (FD) is increasing due to the insufficient efficacy of conventional...
The demand for complementary and alternative medicine for the management of functional dyspepsia (FD) is increasing due to the insufficient efficacy of conventional treatment options. In Asia, the Chinese herbal medicine formula (BXT) has been used to treat FD. We searched 11 digital medical databases on 1 September 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the efficacy of BXT or combination therapy (BXT plus Western medicines) for FD were selected. The outcome parameters were total clinical efficacy rate (TCE), motilin level, symptom checklist-90-revised (SCL-90-R), and visual analog scale (VAS) for dyspepsia and adverse events. Cochrane risk of bias tool 2.0 (RoB 2) was used for the quality assessment of included studies. The meta-analysis comprised 57 RCTs with 5,525 participants. BXT was more efficacious, with a higher TCE than Western medicine. Combination therapy (BXT plus Western medicine) also resulted in a higher TCE than Western medicine. Combination therapy improved motilin levels and psychological symptoms to a greater extent than Western medicine, evidenced by a higher SCL-90-R score. However, no significant difference in VAS scores was observed between the BXT and placebo groups. BXT and combination therapy were associated with fewer adverse events than Western medicine or placebo. Our findings suggest that BXT and its combination therapy may be an effective and safe alternative treatment for FD. More RCTs with better methodologies are required to strengthen this evidence. [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019123285], identifier [CRD42019123285].
PubMed: 37274096
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1130257 -
Journal of B.U.ON. : Official Journal... 2020To study the correlations of the recurrence of gastric cancer in patients after radical surgery with serum gastrointestinal hormones, serum anti-Helicobacter pylori...
Correlations of recurrence of gastric cancer in patients after radical surgery with serum gastrointestinal hormones, vascular endothelial growth factors and serum anti-helicobacter pylori IgG antibody.
PURPOSE
To study the correlations of the recurrence of gastric cancer in patients after radical surgery with serum gastrointestinal hormones, serum anti-Helicobacter pylori (anti-HP) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs).
METHODS
According to whether gastric cancer recurred within five years after surgery, the patients were divided into recurrence group (RE group, gastric cancer recurred within five years after surgery, n=78) and non-recurrence group (NR group, gastric cancer did not recur within five years after surgery, n=69). Differences in lymph node metastasis, gastrointestinal hormones, VEGFs, anti-HP IgG antibody and the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage between RE group and NR group were detected and compared, so as to analyze the correlations of these factors with the recurrence of gastric cancer in patients after radical surgery.
RESULTS
The levels of gastrin (GAS) and motilin (MTL) after meals in RE group and NR group were slightly higher than those before meals. The levels of GAS and MTL in RE group were higher than those in NR group in the two periods (p<0.05). Besides, compared with NR group, RE group had lower pepsinogen (PG) I, PG II and PG I/II ratio (PGR), but a higher positive value of anti-HP IgG antibody (p<0.05) and higher levels of VEGF-A, VEGF-C and VEGF-D (p<0.05). Moreover, there were markedly more cases of gastric cancer in stage III, remarkably few cases of gastric cancer in stage I and obviously more cases of lymph node metastasis in RE group than those in NR group (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that gastrointestinal hormones, lymph node metastasis, VEGFs, the TNM stage of gastric cancer and anti-HP IgG antibody were all risk factors for the recurrence of gastric cancer after radical surgery (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The recurrence of gastric cancer in patients after radical surgery is related to the TNM stage of gastric cancer, gastrointestinal hormones, VEGFs, lymph node metastasis, anti-HP IgG antibody and other factors.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; Antibodies, Bacterial; Female; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Risk Factors; Stomach Neoplasms; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
PubMed: 32862593
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Oncology 2021To investigate the changes of intestinal flora in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and liver cancer and its correlation with abnormal gastrointestinal motility.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the changes of intestinal flora in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and liver cancer and its correlation with abnormal gastrointestinal motility.
METHODS
From January 2018 to December 2020, 102 elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and liver cancer were selected as the observation group. Eighty-nine healthy patients during the same period were selected as the control group. The two groups of intestinal flora (intestinal microbial diversity) were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing. The two groups of serum motilin (MTL) and gastrin (GAS) levels were measured by the Hitachi automatic biochemical analyzer 7600. Pearson correlation analysis software was used to analyze the relationship between changes in the intestinal flora and gastrointestinal motility in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and liver cancer.
RESULTS
The contents of and in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the contents of , and were higher than those in the control group. The Chaol index and Shannon index in the observation group were higher than those in the control group. The gastrointestinal motility levels MTL and GAS of the observation group were higher than those of the control group. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the Chaol index and Shannon index of elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and liver cancer were positively correlated with MTL and GAS.
CONCLUSION
Elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and liver cancer often have changes in the intestinal flora, which are correlated with abnormal gastrointestinal motility. Strengthening the analysis of changes in patients' intestinal flora can enhance clinical medication knowledge and improve gastrointestinal motility in patients.
PubMed: 34422052
DOI: 10.1155/2021/7517379 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2021The root of Willd. (Polygalaceae) (PT) has been listed as a nootropic, anti-inflammatory, and antipsychotic medicine that can cure insomnia. Raw PT (RPT) is toxic and...
The root of Willd. (Polygalaceae) (PT) has been listed as a nootropic, anti-inflammatory, and antipsychotic medicine that can cure insomnia. Raw PT (RPT) is toxic and must be processed before clinical use. Licorice-simmered PT (LPT) is one of the most common processed products. We conducted this study in order to investigate the differences in chemical components and gastrointestinal function between RPT and LPT. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and quantitative analysis to study the differences in the chemical components. Animal experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of PT on the gastrointestinal function of rats before and after simmering. Pathological sections of gastrointestinal tissues, serum hormone levels, and inflammatory cytokines were observed. The PCA results demonstrated that obvious separation was achieved between the RPT and LPT samples. Tenuifoliside B (TFSB), 3,6'-disinapoyl sucrose (DSS), tenuifoliose A (TFOA), tenuifoliose H (TFOH), onjisaponin B (OJB), onjisaponin Z (OJZ), and total saponins levels were decreased after licorice processing, while glomeratose A (GA) and 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) levels were markedly increased. Compared to the control group, the RPT groups exhibited dramatically lower levels of gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), and substance P (SP) and markedly higher levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and somatostatin (SS), but the LPT groups exhibited no significant differences in the above indexes. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) in gastrointestinal tissue were markedly increased in the low RPT (L-RPT), high RPT (H-RPT), and H-LPT groups, showing a certain inflammatory effect, but the inflammatory effect in the L-LPT group was relatively weak. Licorice simmering can effectively reduce the inhibitory effect of RPT on gastrointestinal function in rats and reduce damage to gastrointestinal tissue. This study provides a scientific basis for research on the processing mechanism and clinical application of PT.
PubMed: 33505508
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8855536 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2020(Thunb.) DC. (AL) is used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of spleen-deficiency syndrome (SDS). Bran-processed (BAL) has been found to be more...
(Thunb.) DC. (AL) is used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of spleen-deficiency syndrome (SDS). Bran-processed (BAL) has been found to be more effective than unprocessed AL. However, the compound in BAL active against SDS remains unclear. The pharmacological efficacy of BAL and its mechanism of action against SDS were investigated by HPLC-ELSD. Candidate compound AA (atractyloside A) in AL and BAL extracts was identified by HPLC-MS analysis. AA was tested in a rat model of SDS in which body weight, gastric residual rate, and intestinal propulsion were measured, and motilin (MTL), gastrin (GAS), and c-Kit were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Potential targets and associated pathways were identified based on network pharmacology analysis. mRNA expression levels were measured by qRT-PCR and protein expression levels were measured by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. AA increased body weight, intestinal propulsion, MTL, GAS, and c-Kit levels, while decreasing gastric residual volume and intestinal tissue damage, as same as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen levels. Seventy-one potential pharmacologic targets were identified. Analysis of protein interaction, Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis, pathway enrichment analysis, and docking and molecular interactions highlighted MAPK signaling as the potential signal transduction pathway. Validation experiments indicated that treatment with AA increased MTL, GAS, ZO-1, and OCLN levels, while reducing AQP1, AQP3, and FGF2 levels. In addition, phosphorylation of p38 and myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) expression were inhibited. AA improved gastrointestinal function by protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier via inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway. The results have clinical implications for the therapy of SDS.
PubMed: 33658928
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.583160 -
Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi =... Oct 2023To explore the effects of somatostatin on the levels of gastrointestinal hormones and clinical outcomes in critically ill infants after gastrointestinal surgery. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
[Effect of somatostatin on gastrointestinal hormone levels and clinical outcomes in critically ill infants after gastrointestinal surgery: a prospective randomized controlled study].
OBJECTIVES
To explore the effects of somatostatin on the levels of gastrointestinal hormones and clinical outcomes in critically ill infants after gastrointestinal surgery.
METHODS
Using a random number table method, critically ill infants after gastrointestinal surgery who were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Xuzhou Children's Hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were randomly divided into an observation group (29 cases) and a control group (30 cases). The control group received routine treatment such as anti-infection and hemostasis after surgery, while the observation group received somatostatin in addition to the routine treatment [3.5 μg/(kg·h) infusion for 7 days]. The levels of serum gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), insulin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) before surgery, on the 3rd day after surgery, and on the 7th day after surgery were compared between the two groups. The recovery progress and incidence of complications after surgery were also compared between the two groups.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference in the levels of serum GAS, MTL, insulin, and GLP-1 between the two groups before surgery (>0.05). On the 3rd and 7th day after surgery, the levels of serum GAS, MTL, insulin, and GLP-1 in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (<0.05). In the observation group, the levels of GAS, MTL, insulin, and GLP-1 on the 7th day after surgery were higher than those before surgery and on the 3rd day after surgery (<0.05), and the levels on the 3rd day after surgery were higher than those before surgery (<0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of serum GAS, MTL, and insulin before surgery, on the 3rd day after surgery, and on the 7th day after surgery in the control group (>0.05). The level of GLP-1 on the 7th day after surgery was higher than that before surgery and on the 3rd day after surgery (<0.05), and the level on the 3rd day after surgery was higher than that before surgery (<0.05) in the control group. The observation group had shorter first time of anal exhaust, recovery time of bowel sounds, and first time of defecation after surgery compared to the control group (<0.05). The incidence of complications after surgery in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (10% vs 33%, <0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Somatostatin can increase the levels of serum GAS, MTL, insulin, and GLP-1 in critically ill infants after gastrointestinal surgery, promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function, and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Critical Illness; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Insulin; Prospective Studies; Somatostatin
PubMed: 37905754
DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2305022