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Frontiers in Nutrition 2022In this article, the preventive and protective effect of a new , ( TKSN02: LF-N2), which was isolated and identified from Xinjiang naturally fermented yogurt, on...
In this article, the preventive and protective effect of a new , ( TKSN02: LF-N2), which was isolated and identified from Xinjiang naturally fermented yogurt, on hydrochloric acid (HCl)/ethanol induced gastric injury in mice was studied. A total of 40 mice were divided into the following five groups: normal, model, LF-N2, LB (), and Ranitidine groups. Except for the normal and model groups, mice in the other groups were treated with LF-N2, LB ( bulgaricus), and Ranitidine separately, and the injury of the gastric tissue was observed by taking photos and pathological sections. The levels of oxidation indicators, gastrointestinal hormone and the inflammatory cytokines in serum and gastric tissue in each group were measured. Further more, the gene expression levels of oxidative stress and inflammation related genes in the colon tissue were determined by the Real-Time PCR method. Pathological observation confirmed that LF-N2 could inhibit the gastric injury caused by HCl/ethanol. Observation of the appearance of the gastric indicated that LF-N2 could effectively reduce the area of gastric injury. Biochemical results showed that the serum gastrin (GAS) and gastric motilin (MTL) levels in the LF-N2 group were significantly lower and the serum somatostatin (SS) level was higher than in the model group and there was no significant difference between all treatment groups. The activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were increased while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was decreased in LF-N2 treatment group mice, which suggested that LF-N2 has a good antioxidant effect. Further RT-PCR experiments also showed that LF-N2 could promote the related mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, and CAT) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, and IL-10), while it inhibited the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) and apoptosis factor (Caspase-3). As observed, LF-N2 exerted a good preventive effect on HCl/ethanol induced gastric injury in mice, and the effect was close to that of LB, which indicated that LF-N2 has potential use as a probiotic due to its gastric injury treatment effects.
PubMed: 35299759
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.840566 -
Biomolecules Apr 2024Motilin is a gastrointestinal hormone that is mainly produced in the duodenum of mammals, and it is responsible for regulating appetite. However, the role and expression...
Motilin is a gastrointestinal hormone that is mainly produced in the duodenum of mammals, and it is responsible for regulating appetite. However, the role and expression of motilin are poorly understood during starvation and the weaning stage, which is of great importance in the seeding cultivation of fish. In this study, the sequences of Yangtze sturgeon ( ()) motilin receptor () were cloned and characterized. The results of tissue expression showed that by contrast with mammals, mRNA was richly expressed in the brain, whereas was highly expressed in the stomach, duodenum, and brain. Weaning from a natural diet of to commercial feed significantly promoted the expression of in the brain during the period from day 1 to day 10, and after re-feeding with the change in expression of was partially reversed. Similarly, it was revealed that fasting increased the expression of in the brain (3 h, 6 h) and duodenum (3 h), and the expression of in the brain (1 h) in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, it was observed that peripheral injection of motilin-NH increased food intake and the filling index of the digestive tract in the Yangtze sturgeon, which was accompanied by the changes of and appetite factors expression in the brain (, , , and ) and stomach (). These results indicate that motilin acts as an indicator of nutritional status, and also serves as a novel orexigenic factor that stimulates food intake in . This study lays a strong foundation for the application of as a biomarker in the estimation of hunger in juvenile during the weaning phase, and enhances the understanding of the role of motilin as a novel regulator of feeding in fish.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Feeding Behavior; Fish Proteins; Fishes; Motilin; Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone; Receptors, Neuropeptide
PubMed: 38672450
DOI: 10.3390/biom14040433 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2022To assess the effectiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with gallbladder stones and chronic cholecystitis.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effectiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with gallbladder stones and chronic cholecystitis.
METHODS
From July 2018 to January 2020, 90 patients with gallbladder stones and chronic cholecystitis assessed for eligibility were recruited and concurrently assigned (1 : 1) to receive either small-incision cholecystectomy (observation group) or laparoscopic cholecystectomy (experimental group). Outcome measures included operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative hospital stay, c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), gastrin (GAS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), motilin (MOT), and adverse events.
RESULTS
Patients given laparoscopic cholecystectomy showed lower levels of operation-related indices versus those receiving small-incision cholecystectomy ( < 0.05). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy resulted in lower postoperative levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF- in the patients versus small-incision cholecystectomy ( < 0.05). Patients receiving laparoscopic cholecystectomy showed better GAS, VIP, and MOT levels than those receiving small-incision cholecystectomy ( < 0.05). The eligible patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy had a significantly lower incidence of adverse events versus those after small-incision cholecystectomy ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy effectively shortens the operative time and length of hospital stay in patients with gallbladder stones and chronic cholecystitis, reduces intraoperative bleeding, attenuates the inflammatory response, and enhances the gastrointestinal function, with less surgical trauma and high safety. Clinical trials are, however, required prior to promotion.
PubMed: 35966742
DOI: 10.1155/2022/1434410 -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2022The present study was designed to observe the effect of quadruple therapy combined with probiotics on -related peptic ulcer. The patients in the control group ( = 90)...
The present study was designed to observe the effect of quadruple therapy combined with probiotics on -related peptic ulcer. The patients in the control group ( = 90) were given regular quadruple therapy including proton pump inhibitor ilaprazole enteric-coated tablet + two antibiotics amoxicillin dispersible tablet and metronidazole tablet + colloidal bismuth pectin capsule for 2 weeks. Patients in the study group ( = 90) were given abovementioned quadruple therapy combined with probiotics live combined , , and Capsules, oral for 2 weeks. Then Hp clearance rate, recurrence rate, levels of gastrointestinal hormone makers, and advance reactions between two groups were compared. At the 2nd week after the treatment, the clearance rate in the study group (87.79%) was significantly higher than the control group (78.89%), and the total recurrence rate in the study group (6.67%) was significantly lower than the control group (13.33%) ( < 0.05). Serum gastrin and motilin expression were lower, and somatostatin expressions was significantly higher than those in the control group ( < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( > 0.05). In summary, quadruple therapy combined with probiotics in the treatment of -related peptic ulcer can improve the clearance rate, reduce the recurrence rate, and is beneficial to improving the level of gastrointestinal hormones, with certain safety.
Topics: Humans; Helicobacter pylori; Helicobacter Infections; Bismuth; Metronidazole; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Gastrins; Motilin; Tablets, Enteric-Coated; Drug Therapy, Combination; Peptic Ulcer; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Probiotics; Pectins; Somatostatin
PubMed: 36267315
DOI: 10.1155/2022/1221190 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2021Evidence for the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) on gastrointestinal function recovery after gynecological surgery is unclear. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Evidence for the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) on gastrointestinal function recovery after gynecological surgery is unclear.
OBJECTIVE
This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of EA on recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function for patients receiving gynecological surgery. Data sources: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CINAHL), Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Weipu (CQVIP), and Wanfang databases were systematically searched from the inception dates to May 30, 2020, for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Study selection: RCTs that evaluated EA for postoperative gastrointestinal function directly related to gynecological surgery in adults aged 18 years or over. Data extraction and synthesis: paired reviewer independently extracted the data and assessed study quality. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated as the effect measure from a random effects model. Main outcomes and measures: time to first flatus (TFF), time to bowel sounds recovery (TBS), and time to first defecation (TFD) were recorded as primary outcomes; postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), motilin (MTL), gastrin (GAS), pH value of gastric mucosa (pHi), gastric mucosal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PgCO2), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and adverse event were reported as secondary outcomes.
RESULTS
We included eighteen RCTs (1117 participants). Our findings suggested that compared to the control group (CG), electroacupuncture group (EG) showed significant effects on TFF (SMD = -0.98, 95% CI: [-1.28, -0.68], < 0.00001, = 69%), TBS (SMD = -0.98, 95% CI: [-1.84, -0.12], =0.03, = 92%), and TFD (SMD = -1.23, 95% CI: [-1.59, -0.88], < 0.0001, = 0%). Moreover, the incidence of PONV at postoperative 6 h (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: [0.27, 0.64], < 0.0001, = 0%) and 24 h (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: [0.32, 0.68], < 0.0001, = 0%) was lower in the EG than that in the CG, whereas no significant difference in ratio of PONV at postoperative 48 h (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: [0.20, 1.51], =0.25, = 0%) was detected between the two groups. Meanwhile, there was a significant effect in favor of EA on the level of MTL at postoperative 6 h (SMD = -0.93, 95% CI: [-1.36, -0.61], < 0.0001, = 21%), while no significant effect was observed at postoperative 24 h (SMD = -0.43, 95% CI: [-0.89, 0.02], =0.06, = 69%) in the EG when compared to the CG. Additionally, a large significant effect on decreasing PgCO was found in the EG in comparison to the CG, but no significant effect in favor of EA on GAS, VIP, or pHi was observed. It was reported that there was one participant with pain at the needling sites and bruising, and three participants withdrew because they were not intolerant to EA.
CONCLUSIONS
EA could be a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction after gynecological surgery, including shortening TFF and TFD, TBS, regulating MTL, and decreasing the ratio of PONV within postoperative 24h. The effects on MTL and PONV varied with different intervention points, and EA used at 30 min prior to surgery might be recommended. However, the evidence quality ranged from low to very low, and large-scale and high-quality RCTs were warranted.
PubMed: 34970326
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8329366 -
BMJ Open Sep 2023After rectal cancer surgery, a majority of patients suffer from sequelae known as low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). It is a collection of symptoms consisting of...
INTRODUCTION
After rectal cancer surgery, a majority of patients suffer from sequelae known as low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). It is a collection of symptoms consisting of flatus and/or stool incontinence, evacuation frequency, re-evacuation and urgency. The circadian hormone, melatonin, has shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties, and in high doses, it reduces bowel movements. The aim of the study is to investigate if locally administered melatonin has an alleviating effect on LARS. Secondarily, the effect of melatonin on bowel movements, other patient-reported symptoms, quality of life, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, motilin levels and rectal mucosa histology will be examined.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
This is a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, two-period crossover trial. The participants are randomised to 28 days of 25 mg melatonin administered rectally via an enema daily (or placebo) followed by a 28-day washout and then 28 days of placebo (or melatonin). Three participants will be included in an internal feasibility test. They will receive 25 mg of melatonin daily for 28 days. Data from these participants will be used to assess the feasibility of the rectally administered melatonin and to analyse the course of recruitment and outcome measurements. Afterwards, 18 participants will be included in the crossover trial. The severity of the LARS symptoms will be evaluated using the LARS Score on the first and last day of each treatment period.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
The Regional Ethics Committee, the Danish Medicines Agency and the Data and Development Support in Region Zealand approved this study. The study will be performed according to the Helsinki II declaration. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The results of the study will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication and presented at congresses.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS
EudraCT Registry (2020-004442-11) and ClinicalTrial.gov Registry (NCT05042700).
Topics: Humans; Cross-Over Studies; Low Anterior Resection Syndrome; Melatonin; Postoperative Complications; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 37696629
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067763 -
BMC Biology Aug 2020Endocrine cells of the zebrafish digestive system play an important role in regulating metabolism and include pancreatic endocrine cells (PECs) clustered in the islets...
BACKGROUND
Endocrine cells of the zebrafish digestive system play an important role in regulating metabolism and include pancreatic endocrine cells (PECs) clustered in the islets of Langerhans and the enteroendocrine cells (EECs) scattered in the intestinal epithelium. Despite EECs and PECs are being located in distinct organs, their differentiation involves shared molecular mechanisms and transcription factors. However, their degree of relatedness remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated comprehensively the similarity of EECs and PECs by defining their transcriptomic landscape and comparing the regulatory programmes controlled by Pax6b, a key player in both EEC and PEC differentiations.
RESULTS
RNA sequencing was performed on EECs and PECs isolated from wild-type and pax6b mutant zebrafish. Data mining of wild-type zebrafish EEC data confirmed the expression of orthologues for most known mammalian EEC hormones, but also revealed the expression of three additional neuropeptide hormones (Proenkephalin-a, Calcitonin-a and Adcyap1a) not previously reported to be expressed by EECs in any species. Comparison of transcriptomes from EECs, PECs and other zebrafish tissues highlights a very close similarity between EECs and PECs, with more than 70% of genes being expressed in both endocrine cell types. Comparison of Pax6b-regulated genes in EECs and PECs revealed a significant overlap. pax6b loss-of-function does not affect the total number of EECs and PECs but instead disrupts the balance between endocrine cell subtypes, leading to an increase of ghrelin- and motilin-like-expressing cells in both the intestine and pancreas at the expense of other endocrine cells such as beta and delta cells in the pancreas and pyyb-expressing cells in the intestine. Finally, we show that the homeodomain of Pax6b is dispensable for its action in both EECs and PECs.
CONCLUSION
We have analysed the transcriptomic landscape of wild-type and pax6b mutant zebrafish EECs and PECs. Our study highlights the close relatedness of EECs and PECs at the transcriptomic and regulatory levels, supporting the hypothesis of a common phylogenetic origin and underscoring the potential implication of EECs in metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Endocrine Cells; Gene Expression Regulation; Intestines; PAX6 Transcription Factor; Pancreas; Transcriptome; Zebrafish
PubMed: 32867764
DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00840-1 -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Apr 2021In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of circORC2 in modulating miR-19a and its downstream signalling during the pathogenesis of STC. In this study, three...
In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of circORC2 in modulating miR-19a and its downstream signalling during the pathogenesis of STC. In this study, three groups of patients, that is healthy control (HC) group, normal transit constipation (NTC) group (N = 42) and slow transit constipation (STC) group, were, respectively, recruited. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were exploited to investigate the changes in the expression levels of miR-19a and circORC2 in these patients, so as to establish a circORC2/miR-19a signalling pathway. The basic information of the patients showed no significant differences among different patient groups. Compared with the HC group, concentrations of neurotensin (NST) and motilin (MLN) were both significantly reduced in the NTC and STC groups, especially in the STC group. Also, miR-19a level was highest, whereas circORC2 level was lowest in the STC group. Furthermore, circORC2 was validated to sponge the expression of miR-19a, and the transfection of circORC2 reduced the expression of miR-19a. Meanwhile, MLN and NST mRNAs were both targeted by miR-19a, and the transfection of circORC2 dramatically up-regulated the expression of MLN and NST. On the contrary, the transfection of circORC2 siRNA into SMCs and VSMCs exhibited the opposite effect of circORC2. Collectively, the results of this study established a regulatory relationship among circORC2, miR-19a and neurotensin/motilin, which indicated that the overexpression of circORC2 could up-regulate the levels of neurotensin and motilin, thus exerting a beneficial effect during the treatment of STC.
Topics: Aged; Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Constipation; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Male; MicroRNAs; Motilin; Neurotensin; Origin Recognition Complex; Prognosis; RNA, Circular
PubMed: 33629528
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16211 -
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine Nov 2019Changes in the levels of serum oxidative stress indexes, gastrointestinal hormones and inflammatory factors in children with different severity of reflux esophagitis...
Changes in the levels of serum oxidative stress indexes, gastrointestinal hormones and inflammatory factors in children with different severity of reflux esophagitis (RE) were detected. Sixty child patients diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) via gastroscopy were selected and divided into non-erosive reflux disease group (NERD group, n=12) and RE group (n=48) according to whether there was esophageal mucosal injury. In RE group, the patients were further divided into grade I RE group (n=15), grade II RE group (n=18) and grade III RE group (n=15) based on the severity of mucosal injury. None of the child patients took PPI and domperidone within 2 weeks before enrollment. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in the esophageal mucosa was detected. The changes in the levels of serum vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), motilin, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined. The DeMeester score was the highest in grade III RE group, followed by grade II RE group, grade I RE group and NERD group (P<0.05). The content of MDA in the esophageal mucosa was higher in RE group than that in NERD group, and the T-SOD activity declined with the increased severity of injury (P<0.05). In the three RE groups, the level of plasma VIP was significantly higher, while the motilin level was remarkably lower than those in NERD group (P<0.05). With the increased severity of disease, the expression levels of serum IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α in RE group were gradually raised (P<0.05). RE patients have strong oxidative stress and inflammatory response, an increased level of serum VIP, a regulator of gastrointestinal motility, and a decreased level of motilin. Controlling the changes in the above factors using effective treatment means can improve the development of GERD.
PubMed: 31602227
DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7978 -
Journal of Neuroinflammation Nov 2020Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating autoimmune disease affecting the CNS. Recent studies have indicated that intestinal alterations play key pathogenic...
BACKGROUND
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating autoimmune disease affecting the CNS. Recent studies have indicated that intestinal alterations play key pathogenic roles in the development of autoimmune diseases, including MS. The triterpene oleanolic acid (OA), due to its anti-inflammatory properties, has shown to beneficially influence the severity of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a preclinical model of MS. We herein investigate EAE-associated gut intestinal dysfunction and the effect of OA treatment.
METHODS
Mice with MOG-induced EAE were treated with OA or vehicle from immunization day and were daily analyzed for clinical deficit. We performed molecular and histological analysis in serum and intestinal tissues to measure oxidative and inflammatory responses. We used Caco-2 and HT29-MTX-E12 cells to elucidate OA in vitro effects.
RESULTS
We found that OA protected from EAE-induced changes in intestinal permeability and preserved the mucin-containing goblet cells along the intestinal tract. Serum levels of the markers for intestinal barrier damage iFABP and monocyte activation sCD14 were consistently and significantly reduced in OA-treated EAE mice. Beneficial OA effects also included a decrease of pro-inflammatory mediators both in serum and colonic tissue of treated-EAE mice. Moreover, the levels of some immunoregulatory cytokines, the neurotrophic factor GDNF, and the gastrointestinal hormone motilin were preserved in OA-treated EAE mice. Regarding oxidative stress, OA treatment prevented lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion accumulation in intestinal tissue, while inducing the expression of the ROS scavenger Sestrin-3. Furthermore, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) quantification in the cecal content showed that OA reduced the high iso-valeric acid concentrations detected in EAE-mice. Lastly, using in vitro cell models which mimic the intestinal epithelium, we verified that OA protected against intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by injurious agents produced in both EAE and MS.
CONCLUSION
These findings reveal that OA ameliorates the gut dysfunction found in EAE mice. OA normalizes the levels of gut mucosal dysfunction markers, as well as the pro- and anti-inflammatory immune bias during EAE, thus reinforcing the idea that OA is a beneficial compound for treating EAE and suggesting that OA may be an interesting candidate to be explored for the treatment of human MS.
Topics: Animals; Caco-2 Cells; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Female; HT29 Cells; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Multiple Sclerosis; Oleanolic Acid; Oxidative Stress; Permeability
PubMed: 33246492
DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02042-6