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Frontiers in Pharmacology 2021Ciji-Hua'ai-Baosheng II Formula (CHB-II-F) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula, which specifically targets different aspects of chemotherapy-induced adverse...
Ciji-Hua'ai-Baosheng II Formula (CHB-II-F) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula, which specifically targets different aspects of chemotherapy-induced adverse effects in patients with cancer. In our clinical application, CHB-II-F significantly alleviated chemotherapy-induced anorexia (loss of appetite) and improved the quality of life for patients with tumor during and after chemotherapy. However, the mechanism of CHB-II-F in alleviation of chemotherapy-induced anorexia remains to be further investigated. To explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of CHB-II-F on chemotherapy-induced anorexia in the mice model of H hepatoma. A total of 72 Kunming mice of SPF grade were inoculated subcutaneously with H hepatoma cells into the right anterior armpit of the mice. After 1 week of seeding, mice were injected intraperitoneally with a high dose of 5-fluorouracil (200 mg/kg 5-FU) to establish the model of chemotherapy. The mice were randomly divided into six groups: untreated group, 5-FU group, 5-FU plus Yangzheng Xiaoji capsule (YZXJC) group, and three groups of 5-FU plus different concentrations of CHB-II-F. All the mice in each group were treated for 14 days. The body weight, food intake, tumor volume, and tumor weight of mice were measured, and pathological examinations of tumor tissue, stomach, and duodenum were carried out. Expressions of serum Leptin, Neuropeptide Y (NPY), epidermal cell growth factor (EGF), Motilin (MTL), Orexin A (OXA), Gastrin (GAS), Ghrelin, Prostaglandin E (PGE), and jejunum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were examined. The protein and mRNA levels of proopiomelanocortin (POMC), Orexin receptor 1 (OX1R), neuropeptide Y (NPY), cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript peptide (CART), Agouti gene-related protein (AgRP), Leptin receptor (Ob-R), and Ghrelin receptor (GHSR) were examined in hypothalamus, and the protein levels of substance P (SP) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in duodenum were measured. The combination of CHB-II-F and 5-FU could enhance the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on tumor. The tumor inhibition rates of 5-FU group, YZXJC group, CHB-II-F(H) group, CHB-II-F(M) group, and CHB-II-F(L) group were 58.88, 28.08, 54.96, 37.69, and 28.61%, respectively. Compared with untreated group and 5-FU group, CHB-II-F significantly increased the body weight and food intake of tumor-bearing mice; increased the content of NPY, Orexin A, Ghrelin, GAS, MTL, EGF, and PGE in serum and the activity of SOD in jejunum; and decreased the content of Leptin in serum and the content of MDA in jejunum. Compared with untreated group and 5-FU group, CHB-II-F also enhanced the expression of OX1R, GHSR, NPY, and AgRP protein and gene and decreased the expression of Ob-R, POMC, and CART protein and gene in hypothalamus of mice, and the gene expression was consistent with the protein expression. In addition, CHB-II-F decreased the expression of 5-HT and SP protein in duodenum. In the murine model of H22 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving chemotherapy, CHB-II-F enhances the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on tumor, significantly improves the pathological injury of gastrointestinal tract caused by chemotherapy, and regulates the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones. It may alleviate chemotherapy-induced anorexia by affecting appetite regulatory factors in the feeding area of hypothalamus central nervous system and peripheral appetite regulatory factors.
PubMed: 34489705
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.715824 -
American Journal of Translational... 2021To explore the efficacy of Jianpiyangxue granules on gastrointestinal autonomic nerve dysfunction and their impact on adverse reactions.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the efficacy of Jianpiyangxue granules on gastrointestinal autonomic nerve dysfunction and their impact on adverse reactions.
METHODS
From September 2016 to September 2020, 120 patients with gastrointestinal autonomic nerve dysfunction treated in our hospital were retrospectively selected and randomly assigned to a treatment group (TG) which was administered Jianpiyangxue granules prepared by our hospital and a control group (CG) which was administered routine Western medicine treatment (B vitamins + oryzanol). There were 60 patients in each group. The clinical efficacy and incidences of adverse effects were compared between the groups. The gastrointestinal hormone indexes, the inflammatory cytokines, and the immune indexes were analyzed before and after the therapy. The gastrin (GAS) and motilin (MTL) levels were measured using the motilin stimulating method, and the somatostatin (SS) levels were measured using ELISA for comparison. The autonomic nerve dysfunction symptoms were used for the evaluation. The degree of neurological functional defects scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the neurological functional defect levels. The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores were used to assess the patients' psychological statuses.
RESULTS
After the therapy, the GAS, MTL, and SS expressions in the TG were remarkably higher than they were in the CG. The CRP and IL-6 expressions in the TG were significantly lower than they were in the CG. The TG had higher IgG, IgM, and IgA levels as compared with the CG, higher grade 0 and grade 1 scores on the gastrointestinal autonomic nerve dysfunction, but lower grade 2 and 3 scores were observed compared to the CG. Significantly lower NIHSS, SAS, and SDS scores were recorded in the TG compared with the CG. The TG yielded more promising outcomes in terms of the total effective rate and the incidences of adverse reactions than the CG.
CONCLUSION
Jianpiyangxue granules contribute to enhancing the clinical efficacy, reducing the incidence of adverse reactions, and improving the gastrin, somatostatin, and other indicators in treating gastrointestinal autonomic nerve dysfunction.
PubMed: 34956508
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ Open Sep 2023After rectal cancer surgery, a majority of patients suffer from sequelae known as low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). It is a collection of symptoms consisting of...
INTRODUCTION
After rectal cancer surgery, a majority of patients suffer from sequelae known as low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). It is a collection of symptoms consisting of flatus and/or stool incontinence, evacuation frequency, re-evacuation and urgency. The circadian hormone, melatonin, has shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties, and in high doses, it reduces bowel movements. The aim of the study is to investigate if locally administered melatonin has an alleviating effect on LARS. Secondarily, the effect of melatonin on bowel movements, other patient-reported symptoms, quality of life, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, motilin levels and rectal mucosa histology will be examined.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
This is a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, two-period crossover trial. The participants are randomised to 28 days of 25 mg melatonin administered rectally via an enema daily (or placebo) followed by a 28-day washout and then 28 days of placebo (or melatonin). Three participants will be included in an internal feasibility test. They will receive 25 mg of melatonin daily for 28 days. Data from these participants will be used to assess the feasibility of the rectally administered melatonin and to analyse the course of recruitment and outcome measurements. Afterwards, 18 participants will be included in the crossover trial. The severity of the LARS symptoms will be evaluated using the LARS Score on the first and last day of each treatment period.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
The Regional Ethics Committee, the Danish Medicines Agency and the Data and Development Support in Region Zealand approved this study. The study will be performed according to the Helsinki II declaration. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The results of the study will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication and presented at congresses.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS
EudraCT Registry (2020-004442-11) and ClinicalTrial.gov Registry (NCT05042700).
Topics: Humans; Cross-Over Studies; Low Anterior Resection Syndrome; Melatonin; Postoperative Complications; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 37696629
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067763 -
BioMed Research International 2022This study was aimed at investigating the potential mechanism of Grubthobrildkr (GTB) on systemic hypoxia-induced gastric ulcers in rats and at detecting the chemical...
OBJECTIVE
This study was aimed at investigating the potential mechanism of Grubthobrildkr (GTB) on systemic hypoxia-induced gastric ulcers in rats and at detecting the chemical profile of GTB.
METHODS
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into control, hypoxia, hypoxia+omeprazole, and hypoxia+GTBs (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g·kg·d) groups. Systemic hypoxia was created in a hypobaric chamber to simulate 5000 m high altitude by adjusting the inner pressure and oxygen content for 6 days. After that, the ulcer index, pH, and volume of gastric juice were assessed. The levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), phospholipase A (PLA), and prostaglandin E (PGE) were detected by ELISA. The expression level of hydrogen potassium ATPase (H-K-ATPase), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was tested by western blotting. Chemical profile of GTB was revealed by UHPLC-Q-exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS).
RESULTS
GTB decreased the ulcer index in rats under hypoxia for six days, which was related to increased pH and volume of gastric juice, enhanced MTL and PGE levels, and decreased ET-1 and PLA levels of gastric mucosa. Furthermore, GTB decreased the level of H-K-ATPase and COX-2 while increased COX-1 levels in gastric mucosal tissue. 44 constituents were identified by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS in GTB.
CONCLUSION
GTB exerted a gastroprotective effect to alleviate gastric ulceration induced by acute systemic hypoxia in rats. The effect of GTB increasing the volume and pH of gastric juice in rats under acute systemic hypoxia could be regulated by gastrointestinal hormones, including MTL and ET-1. Mechanically, gastrointestinal protection of GTB was based on inhibition of the protons pumping H-K-ATPase and regulation of prostaglandin family in rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Cyclooxygenase 2; Dinoprostone; Gastric Mucosa; Hypoxia; Male; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional; Motilin; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stomach Ulcer; Ulcer
PubMed: 35425842
DOI: 10.1155/2022/4803956 -
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical... Mar 2020is widely distributed along the Bohai coast and consumed as an edible plant by native residents. We have found surprisingly that extracts promoted gastrointestinal...
OBJECTIVES
is widely distributed along the Bohai coast and consumed as an edible plant by native residents. We have found surprisingly that extracts promoted gastrointestinal motility in mice previously. In the present study, effects of on gastrointestinal motility in rats and its underlying mechanism were explored.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
, different fraction extracts from were prepared and the effects on gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion in normal rats were measured. Plasma ghrelin (GRL), motilin (MTL), gastrin (GAS) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and expressions of GRL receptor (GHSR), MTL receptor (MTLR), VIP receptor 2 (VIPR2) in the duodenum were also detected. , gastric antrum strips were prepared and activities of different extracts on gastric smooth muscle contractions were evaluated.
RESULTS
Results showed that the ethyl acetate extract (EAE) was the most effective fraction to promote gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion, showing a dose-dependent manner. EAE increased plasma GRL and GAS, elevated GHSR expression and restrained VIPR2 expression in the duodenum. , EAE promoted contraction of normal gastric antrum strips as well as relaxed strips induced by atropine.
CONCLUSION
These data indicate that EAE has a significant prokinetic activity via a mechanism that mainly involves in modulating plasma GRL and GAS, expressions of GSHR and VIPR2 in the duodenum and activating M-cholinergic receptor. Our study provides a pharmacological basis for the use of extract in treating gastrointestinal motility disorders.
PubMed: 32440326
DOI: 10.22038/IJBMS.2019.40613.9605 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Apr 2020BACKGROUND Fructus aurantii is a flavonoid derived from Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) that is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat gastric motility...
BACKGROUND Fructus aurantii is a flavonoid derived from Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) that is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat gastric motility disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-dose and high-dose decoctions of Fructus aurantii in a rat model of functional dyspepsia (FD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (n=90) were divided into nine study groups: the control group, the FD model group, the domperidone-treated (Domp) group, the low-dose raw Fructus aurantii (FA-L) group, the high-dose raw Fructus aurantii (FA-H) group, the low-dose Fructus aurantii with stir-fried wheat bran (Bran-L) group, the high-dose Fructus aurantii with stir-fried wheat bran (Bran-H) group, the low-dose Fructus aurantii with stir-fried wheat bran and honey (Honey-L) group, and the high-dose Fructus aurantii with stir-fried wheat bran and honey (Honey-H) group. The FD rat model was established by semi-starvation, followed by tail damping, stimulation, and forced exercise with fatigue. Change in weight, rate of gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion, and serum levels of leptin, motilin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), gastrin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), ghrelin, and cholecystokinin were compared between the groups. RESULTS In the FD model group, weight, rate of gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion significantly decreased, the expression of leptin, VIP and CGRP increased, and expression of motilin, gastrin, ghrelin, and cholecystokinin significantly decreased. Treatment with low-dose Fructus aurantii with stir-fried wheat bran significantly reversed these effects. CONCLUSIONS In the rat model of FD, low-dose Fructus aurantii with stir-fried wheat bran increased gastrointestinal motility and gastrointestinal hormone levels.
Topics: Animals; Citrus; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Dyspepsia; Gastric Emptying; Gastrointestinal Motility; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 32248203
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.919815 -
American Journal of Translational... 2022To analyze the gastrointestinal function and prognostic value of tumor markers (TMs) in patients with laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer (LRRCC).
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the gastrointestinal function and prognostic value of tumor markers (TMs) in patients with laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer (LRRCC).
METHODS
The research population of this retrospective study comprised 141 patients with CC who received treatment in the Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University between July 2017 and August 2018, including 74 cases (observation group, OG) treated with LRRCC and 67 cases (control group, CG) undergoing open surgery (OS). Postoperative gastrointestinal function and complications were recorded. Besides, alterations in serum TMs carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and the 3-years survival of patients were observed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the prognostic value of TMs. Risk factors affecting the prognosis of LRRCC patients were analyzed by the Cox regression model.
RESULTS
Significantly higher levels of motilin (MOT) and gastrin (GT) were determined in OG compared with CG. The two groups showed no notable difference in the postoperative complication rate. Postoperative serum CEA and CA199 levels were obviously lower in OG as compared with CG. A higher 3-year survival rate was determined in OG. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUCs) of CEA and CA19-9 levels in predicting patients' 3-year survival were 0.826 and 0.867, respectively. According to the Cox regression analysis, tumor diameter, lymph node involvement, TNM staging, vascular invasion, CEA, and CA19-9 were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of LRRCC patients.
CONCLUSIONS
LRRCC is well-tolerated by patients with CC and contributes to favorable outcomes. Besides, CEA and CA19-9, the two TMs, may be candidate prognostic markers for patients undergoing LRRCC.
PubMed: 36247249
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Smooth Muscle Research =... 2020Gastric contractions show two specific patterns in many species, migrating motor contractions (MMC) and postprandial contractions (PPCs), that occur in the fasted and...
Gastric contractions show two specific patterns in many species, migrating motor contractions (MMC) and postprandial contractions (PPCs), that occur in the fasted and fed states, respectively. In this study, we examined the role of somatostatin (SST) in gastric motility both in vivo and in vitro using the Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus). We performed in vivo recordings of gastric motility and in vitro organ bath experiments using S. murinus, which was recently established as a small laboratory animal for use in tests of gastrointestinal motility. SST (1.65 µg kg min) was intravenously administered during phase II of MMC and PPCs. Next, the effect of SST on motilin-induced gastric contractions at phase I of MMC was measured. Cyclosomatostatin (CSST), an SST receptor antagonist, was administered at the peak of phase III of MMC. In addition, the effect of SST (10-10 M) on motilin-induced gastric contractions was evaluated using an organ bath experiment in vitro. In conscious, free-moving S. murinus, the administration of SST decreased the occurrence of the spontaneous phase II of MMC and PPCs. Pretreatment with SST and octreotide suppressed the induction of motilin-induced gastric contractions both in vivo and in vitro. Administration of CSST before the peak of spontaneous phase III contractions had no effect on gastric contractions. Endogenous SST is not involved in the regulation of gastric MMC and PPCs, but exogenous SST suppresses spontaneous gastric contractions. Thus, SST would be good for treating abnormal gastrointestinal motility disorders.
Topics: Animals; Depression, Chemical; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Motilin; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating; Postprandial Period; Shrews; Somatostatin
PubMed: 33473062
DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.56.69 -
Frontiers in Surgery 2022To investigate the efficacy of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and to analyze the effects on brain peptides,...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and to analyze the effects on brain peptides, intestinal flora, and oxidative stress in CRC patients.
METHODS
Eighty two patients with CRC who were admitted to our hospital from March 2018 to June 2021 were selected as the research subjects and divided into the control group ( = 41) and the observation group ( = 41). The control group was treated with XELOX chemotherapy, and the observation group was additionally treated with bevacizumab, which was repeated every 3 weeks for a total of two treatments. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were evaluated after treatment. The brain-gut peptide index, intestinal flora index and oxidative stress index were detected, and the adverse reactions of the two groups were recorded.
RESULTS
In the control group, ER was 36.59% (15/41) and DCR was 73.17% (30/41). In the observation group, ER was 63.41% (26/41) and DCR was 90.24% (37/41). ER and DCR in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of motilin and gastrin in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and ghrelin was higher than that in the control group ( < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacilli and Enterococcus in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the level of was lower than that in the control group ( < 0.05). After treatment, the SOD level of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the MDA level was higher than that of the control group.
CONCLUSION
Bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy has good efficacy in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients, which can effectively improve the gastrointestinal motility of patients, regulate the intestinal flora of the body, rebuild the microecological balance, effectively reduce the oxidative stress response of patients, and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.
PubMed: 35478726
DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.872112 -
Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi =... Jul 2022To study the effect of somatostatin on postoperative gastrointestinal function and stress level in children with acute abdomen. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
To study the effect of somatostatin on postoperative gastrointestinal function and stress level in children with acute abdomen.
METHODS
A total of 102 children with acute abdomen who underwent surgery in Xuzhou Children's Hospital from August 2019 to June 2021 were enrolled as subjects and were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 51 children in each group. The children in the control group were given conventional treatment such as hemostasis and anti-infective therapy after surgery, and those in the observation group were given somatostatin in addition to conventional treatment. Peripheral blood samples were collected from both groups before surgery and on days 1 and 5 after surgery. The two groups were compared in terms of the serum levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, gastrin, and motilin, postoperative recovery, and the incidence rate of complications.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference in the serum levels of ET-1, ACTH, cortisol, gastrin, and motilin between the two groups before surgery (>0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly lower serum levels of ET-1, ACTH, and cortisol on days 1 and 5 after surgery (<0.05) and significantly higher levels of motilin and gastrin on day 5 after surgery (<0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly shorter time to first passage of flatus, first bowel sounds, and first defecation after surgery, as well as a significantly shorter length of hospital stay (<0.05). The incidence rate of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (6% vs 24%, <0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
In children with acute abdomen, somatostatin can significantly reduce postoperative stress response, improve gastrointestinal function, and reduce the incidence rate of complications, thereby helping to achieve a good prognosis.
Topics: Abdomen; Abdomen, Acute; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Child; Gastrins; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Motilin; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Somatostatin
PubMed: 35894198
DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2203098