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The Lancet. Oncology Jan 2022Imaging is paramount for the early detection and clinical staging of breast cancer, as well as to inform management decisions and direct therapy. PET-MRI is a... (Review)
Review
Imaging is paramount for the early detection and clinical staging of breast cancer, as well as to inform management decisions and direct therapy. PET-MRI is a quantitative hybrid imaging technology that combines metabolic and functional PET data with anatomical detail and functional perfusion information from MRI. The clinical applicability of PET-MRI for breast cancer is an active area of research. In this Review, we discuss the rationale and summarise the clinical evidence for the use of PET-MRI in the diagnosis, staging, prognosis, tumour phenotyping, and assessment of treatment response in breast cancer. The continued development and approval of targeted radiopharmaceuticals, together with radiomics and automated analysis tools, will further expand the opportunity for PET-MRI to provide added value for breast cancer imaging and patient care.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Neoplasm Staging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prognosis
PubMed: 34973230
DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00577-5 -
Journal of the American College of... May 2023Right ventricular (RV) size and function assessed by multimodality imaging are associated with outcomes in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Understanding RV anatomy... (Review)
Review
Right ventricular (RV) size and function assessed by multimodality imaging are associated with outcomes in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Understanding RV anatomy and physiology is essential in appreciating the strengths and weaknesses of current imaging methods and gives these measurements greater context. The adaptation of the right ventricle to different types and severity of stress, particularly over time, is specific to the cardiovascular disease process. Multimodality imaging parameters, which determine outcomes, reflect the ability to image the initial and longitudinal RV response to stress. This paper will review the standard and novel imaging methods for assessing RV function and the impact of these parameters on outcomes in specific disease states.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; Heart; Heart Ventricles; Multimodal Imaging; Cardiovascular Diseases; Ventricular Function, Right; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right
PubMed: 37164529
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.03.392 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2020Atherosclerosis is a lipoprotein-driven inflammatory disorder leading to a plaque formation at specific sites of the arterial tree. After decades of slow progression,... (Review)
Review
Atherosclerosis is a lipoprotein-driven inflammatory disorder leading to a plaque formation at specific sites of the arterial tree. After decades of slow progression, atherosclerotic plaque rupture and formation of thrombi are the major factors responsible for the development of acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). In this regard, the detection of high-risk (vulnerable) plaques is an ultimate goal in the management of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Vulnerable plaques have specific morphological features that make their detection possible, hence allowing for identification of high-risk patients and the tailoring of therapy. Plaque ruptures predominantly occur amongst lesions characterized as thin-cap fibroatheromas (TCFA). Plaques without a rupture, such as plaque erosions, are also thrombi-forming lesions on the most frequent pathological intimal thickening or fibroatheromas. Many attempts to comprehensively identify vulnerable plaque constituents with different invasive and non-invasive imaging technologies have been made. In this review, advantages and limitations of invasive and non-invasive imaging modalities currently available for the identification of plaque components and morphologic features associated with plaque vulnerability, as well as their clinical diagnostic and prognostic value, were discussed.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Diagnostic Imaging; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 32340284
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082992 -
Current Cardiology Reports Mar 2022This review presents the current state of imaging approaches that enable real-time molecular imaging in the interventional suite and discusses the potential future use... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review presents the current state of imaging approaches that enable real-time molecular imaging in the interventional suite and discusses the potential future use of integrated nuclear imaging and fluoroscopy for intraprocedural guidance in the evaluation and treatment of both cardiovascular and oncological diseases.
RECENT FINDINGS
Although there are no commercially available real-time hybrid nuclear imaging devices that are approved for use in the interventional suite, prototype open gantry hybrid nuclear imaging and x-ray c-arm imaging systems and theranostic catheter for location radiotracer detection are currently undergoing development and testing by multiple groups. The integration of physiological and molecular targeted nuclear imaging for real-time delivery of targeted theranostics in the interventional laboratory may enable more personalized care for a wide variety of cardiovascular procedures and improve patient outcomes.
Topics: Fluoroscopy; Heart; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Multimodal Imaging; Radiography, Interventional; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35028819
DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01644-1 -
Philosophical Transactions. Series A,... Aug 2021This special issue is the second part of a themed issue that focuses on synergistic tomographic image reconstruction and includes a range of contributions in multiple...
This special issue is the second part of a themed issue that focuses on synergistic tomographic image reconstruction and includes a range of contributions in multiple disciplines and application areas. The primary subject of study lies within inverse problems which are tackled with various methods including statistical and computational approaches. This volume covers algorithms and methods for a wide range of imaging techniques such as spectral X-ray computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography combined with CT or magnetic resonance imaging, bioluminescence imaging and fluorescence-mediated imaging as well as diffuse optical tomography combined with ultrasound. Some of the articles demonstrate their utility on real-world challenges, either medical applications (e.g. motion compensation for imaging patients) or applications in material sciences (e.g. material decomposition and characterization). One of the desired outcomes of the special issues is to bring together different scientific communities which do not usually interact as they do not share the same platforms such as journals and conferences. This article is part of the theme issue 'Synergistic tomographic image reconstruction: part 2'.
Topics: Algorithms; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Motion; Multimodal Imaging; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Software; Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34218672
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0111 -
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Sep 2020Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is defined by a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, with intestinal fibrosis being a major... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is defined by a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, with intestinal fibrosis being a major complication. The etiology of IBD remains unknown, but it is thought to arise from a dysregulated and excessive immune response to gut luminal microbes triggered by genetic and environmental factors. To date, IBD has no cure, and treatments are currently directed at relieving symptoms and treating inflammation. The current diagnostic of IBD relies on endoscopy, which is invasive and does not provide information on the presence of extraluminal complications and molecular aspect of the disease. Cross-sectional imaging modalities such as computed tomography enterography (CTE), magnetic resonance enterography (MRE), positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and hybrid modalities have demonstrated high accuracy for the diagnosis of IBD and can provide both functional and morphological information when combined with the use of molecular imaging probes. This review presents the state-of-the-art imaging techniques and molecular imaging approaches in the field of IBD and points out future directions that could help improve our understanding of IBD pathological processes, along with the development of efficient treatments.
Topics: Fibrosis; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestines; Molecular Imaging; Multimodal Imaging
PubMed: 32793946
DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa213 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Oct 2020The important insights yielded by molecular imaging (MI) into relevant biologic signatures at an organ-specific and systemic level are not achievable with conventional...
The important insights yielded by molecular imaging (MI) into relevant biologic signatures at an organ-specific and systemic level are not achievable with conventional imaging methods and thus provide an essential link between preclinical and clinical research. New diagnostic probes and imaging methods revealing comprehensive functional and molecular information are being provided by MI research, several of which have found their way into clinical application. However, there are also reservations about the impact of MI and its added value over conventional, often less expensive, diagnostic imaging methods. This perspective discusses seminal research directions for the MI field that have the potential to result in added value to the patient. Emphasis is placed on MI without probes, MI based on radiotracers and small molecules, MI nano- and microsystems, and MI in context with comprehensive diagnostics. Furthermore, besides technical innovations and probes, emerging clinical indications are highlighted.
Topics: Humans; Luminescent Measurements; Molecular Imaging; Multimodal Imaging
PubMed: 32859706
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.241984 -
Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : JCU Oct 2022Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a common valvular pathology. Multimodality noninvasive cardiovascular imaging is routinely used to assess the mechanism of AR, degree, and... (Review)
Review
Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a common valvular pathology. Multimodality noninvasive cardiovascular imaging is routinely used to assess the mechanism of AR, degree, and its hemodynamic impact on the cardiovascular system. Collecting this information is crucial in establishing the prognosis and in guiding patient management and follow-up. While echocardiography remains the primary test to assess AR, a comprehensive assessment of this valvulopathy can be obtained by combining the information from different techniques. This state-of-the-art review is intended to provide an update ed overview of the applications, strengths, and limits of transthoracic echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and cardiac computed tomography in patients with AR.
Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Echocardiography; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging
PubMed: 36218214
DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23299 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2020One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain parenchyma, which occurs 7-15 years before the onset of cognitive... (Review)
Review
One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain parenchyma, which occurs 7-15 years before the onset of cognitive symptoms of the pathology. Timely diagnostics of amyloid formations allows identifying AD at an early stage and initiating inhibitor therapy, delaying the progression of the disease. However, clinically used radiopharmaceuticals based on C and F are synchrotron-dependent and short-lived. The design of new metal-containing radiopharmaceuticals for AD visualization is of interest. The development of coordination compounds capable of effectively crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) requires careful selection of a ligand moiety, a metal chelating scaffold, and a metal cation, defining the method of supposed Aβ visualization. In this review, we have summarized metal-containing drugs for positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of Alzheimer's disease. The obtained data allow assessing the structure-ability to cross the BBB ratio.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Diagnostic Imaging; Female; Humans; Metals; Multimodal Imaging; Neuroimaging; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 33276505
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239190 -
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia Aug 2020The number and complexity of percutaneous interventions for the treatment of structural heart disease has increased in clinical practice in parallel with the development... (Review)
Review
The number and complexity of percutaneous interventions for the treatment of structural heart disease has increased in clinical practice in parallel with the development of new imaging technologies, in order to render these interventions safer and more accurate. Complementary imaging modalities are commonly used, but they require additional mental reconstruction and effort by the interventional team. The concept of fusion imaging, where two different modalities are fused in real time and on a single monitor, aims to solve these limitations. This is an important tool to guide percutaneous interventions, enabling a good visualization of catheters, guidewires and devices employed, with enhanced spatial resolution and anatomical definition. It also allows the marking of anatomical reference points of interest for the procedure. Some studies show decreased procedural time and total radiation dose with fusion imaging; however, there is a need to obtain data with more robust scientific methodology to assess the impact of this technology in clinical practice. The aim of this review is to describe the concept and basic principles of fusion imaging, its main clinical applications and some considerations about the promising future of this imaging technology.
Topics: Cardiac Catheterization; Cardiology; Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; Echocardiography, Transesophageal; Fluoroscopy; Multimodal Imaging
PubMed: 32736908
DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2020.03.014