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Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Feb 2022To describe the clinical profile, multimodal imaging, and treatment response in macular serpiginous choroiditis (MSC).
PURPOSE
To describe the clinical profile, multimodal imaging, and treatment response in macular serpiginous choroiditis (MSC).
METHODS
Clinical records of 16 eyes (14 patients) with MSC presenting to a tertiary eye care institute between 2015 and 2019 were analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS
Mean age of 14 patients presenting with MSC was 33 ± 13 yrs with 64% males and 36% females. Mean visual acuity of the eyes with MSC at presentation was 0.43 ± 0.46 (logMAR) improving to 0.16 ± 0.28 (logMAR) at final visit. Thirteen eyes (81.3%) had active lesion at presentation. Mantoux test was positive in seven patients (50%) and QuantiFERON TB gold test positive in 10 patients (71%). HRCT chest showed latent tuberculosis in seven patients (50%). All patients underwent multimodal imaging. All patients received oral steroids as treatment therapy; 11 patients also received immunosuppressives, nine patients received additional anti-tubercular therapy (ATT). Mean duration of follow-up for the patients was 18 ± 10 months. A total of eight (50%) eyes had recurrence of lesions after an average duration of 14 ± 14 (3-36) months and were restarted on the treatment as per the requirement. At final follow-up, all eyes showed a good response to treatment and had healed lesions. Comparing the final BCVA to the initial BCVA, 38% (n = 6) showed improvement, 56% (n = 9) remained stable, and 6% (n = 1) eyes worsened at the final follow-up.
CONCLUSION
Clinical profile and presentation of MSC is similar to that of CSC, and combination treatment with intravenous methyl prednisolone (IVMP), steroids, immunosuppressives, and ATT can salvage vision. A high suspicion of associated tuberculosis in endemic regions should be kept in mind.
Topics: Adolescent; Choroiditis; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Humans; Male; Multimodal Imaging; Retrospective Studies; White Dot Syndromes
PubMed: 35086211
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2140_21 -
JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging May 2022
Topics: Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronary Artery Disease; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Predictive Value of Tests; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 35512959
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.01.018 -
Methods (San Diego, Calif.) Apr 2021State-of-the-art patient management frequently mandates the investigation of both anatomy and physiology of the patients. Hybrid imaging modalities such as the PET/MRI,... (Review)
Review
State-of-the-art patient management frequently mandates the investigation of both anatomy and physiology of the patients. Hybrid imaging modalities such as the PET/MRI, PET/CT and SPECT/CT have the ability to provide both structural and functional information of the investigated tissues in a single examination. With the introduction of such advanced hardware fusion, new problems arise such as the exceedingly large amount of multi-modality data that requires novel approaches of how to extract a maximum of clinical information from large sets of multi-dimensional imaging data. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the leading technologies that has shown promise in facilitating highly integrative analysis of multi-parametric data. Specifically, the usefulness of AI algorithms in the medical imaging field has been heavily investigated in the realms of (1) image acquisition and reconstruction, (2) post-processing and (3) data mining and modelling. Here, we aim to provide an overview of the challenges encountered in hybrid imaging and discuss how AI algorithms can facilitate potential solutions. In addition, we highlight the pitfalls and challenges in using advanced AI algorithms in the context of hybrid imaging and provide suggestions for building robust AI solutions that enable reproducible and transparent research.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Data Mining; Datasets as Topic; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Multimodal Imaging
PubMed: 33068741
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.10.004 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jun 2023COVID-19 infection often produces cardiovascular complications, which can range from mild to severe and influence the overall prognosis. Imaging is the cornerstone for... (Review)
Review
COVID-19 infection often produces cardiovascular complications, which can range from mild to severe and influence the overall prognosis. Imaging is the cornerstone for diagnosing initial COVID-19 cardiovascular involvement as well as treatment guidance. In this review, we present the current state of the literature on this subject while also emphasizing possible algorithms for indicating and executing these investigations.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Heart; Heart Diseases; Multimodal Imaging; Lung; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 37512035
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071223 -
Journal of the American Society For... Dec 2020Imaging mass spectrometry has become a mature molecular mapping technology that is used for molecular discovery in many medical and biological systems. While powerful by... (Review)
Review
Imaging mass spectrometry has become a mature molecular mapping technology that is used for molecular discovery in many medical and biological systems. While powerful by itself, imaging mass spectrometry can be complemented by the addition of other orthogonal, chemically informative imaging technologies to maximize the information gained from a single experiment and enable deeper understanding of biological processes. Within this review, we describe MALDI, SIMS, and DESI imaging mass spectrometric technologies and how these have been integrated with other analytical modalities such as microscopy, transcriptomics, spectroscopy, and electrochemistry in a field termed multimodal imaging. We explore the future of this field and discuss forthcoming developments that will bring new insights to help unravel the molecular complexities of biological systems, from single cells to functional tissue structures and organs.
Topics: Animals; Electrochemical Techniques; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Microscopy; Multimodal Imaging; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Transcriptome
PubMed: 32886506
DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00232 -
Current Cardiology Reports Oct 2022The unique pathophysiological changes of constrictive pericarditis (CP) can now be identified with better imaging modalities, thereby helping in its early diagnosis.... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The unique pathophysiological changes of constrictive pericarditis (CP) can now be identified with better imaging modalities, thereby helping in its early diagnosis. Through this review, we outline the pathophysiology of CP and its translation into symptomology and various imaging findings which then are used for both diagnosis and guiding treatment options for CP.
RECENT FINDINGS
Multimodality imaging has provided us with the capability to recognize early stages of the disease and identify patients with a potential for reversibility and can be treated with medical management. Additionally, peri-procedural planning and prediction of post-operative complications has been made possible with the use of advanced imaging techniques. Advanced imaging has the potential to play a greater role in identification of patients with reversible disease process and provide peri-procedural risk stratification, thereby improving outcomes for patients with CP.
Topics: Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Pericarditis, Constrictive
PubMed: 35917048
DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01758-6 -
Photochemistry and Photobiology Jan 2022Precision imaging, utilizing molecular targeted agents, is an important tool in cancer diagnostics and guiding therapies. While there are limitations associated with...
Precision imaging, utilizing molecular targeted agents, is an important tool in cancer diagnostics and guiding therapies. While there are limitations associated with single mode imaging probes, multimodal molecular imaging probes enabling target visualization through complementary imaging technologies provides an attractive alternative. However, there are several challenges associated with designing molecular probes carrying contrast agents for complementary multimodal imaging. Here, we propose a dual function antibody conjugate (DFAC) comprising an FDA approved photosensitizer Benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) and a naphthalocyanine-based photoacoustic dye (SiNc(OH)) for multimodal infrared (IR) imaging. While fluorescence imaging, through BPD, provides sensitivity, complementing it with photoacoustic imaging, through SiNc(OH), provides a depth-resolved spatial resolution much beyond the optical diffusion limits of fluorescence measurements. Through a series of in vitro experiments, we demonstrate the development and utilization of DFACs for multimodal imaging and photodynamic treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (A431) cell line. The proposed DFACs have potential use in precision imaging applications such as guiding tumor resection surgeries and photodynamic treatment of residual microscopic disease thereby minimizing local recurrence. The data demonstrated in this study merits further investigation for its preclinical and clinical translation.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Immunotherapy; Multimodal Imaging; Neoplasms; Optical Imaging; Photosensitizing Agents; Phototherapy
PubMed: 34379796
DOI: 10.1111/php.13501 -
Advanced Healthcare Materials Mar 2021Advances in technology and nanomedicine have led to the development of nanoparticles that can be activated for multimodal imaging of cancer, where a stimulus induces a... (Review)
Review
Advances in technology and nanomedicine have led to the development of nanoparticles that can be activated for multimodal imaging of cancer, where a stimulus induces a material modification that enhances image contrast. Multimodal imaging using nanomaterials with this capability can combine the advantages and overcome the limitations of any single imaging modality. When designed with stimuli-responsive abilities, the target-to-background ratio of multimodal imaging nanoprobes increases because specific stimuli in the tumor enhance the signal. Several aspects of the tumor microenvironment can be exploited as an internal stimulus response for multimodal imaging applications, such as the pH gradient, redox processes, overproduction of various enzymes, or combinations of these. In this review, design strategies are discussed and an overview of the recent developments of internally responsive multimodal nanomaterials is provided. Properly implementing this approach improves noninvasive cancer diagnosis and staging as well as provides a method to monitor drug delivery and treatment response.
Topics: Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Nanostructures; Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 32691969
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000690 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Gout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis where urate crystals deposit in joints and surrounding tissues. With the high prevalence of gout, the standardized and... (Review)
Review
Gout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis where urate crystals deposit in joints and surrounding tissues. With the high prevalence of gout, the standardized and effective treatment of gout is very important, but the long-term treatment effect of gout is not satisfied because of the poor adherence in patients to the medicines. Recently, advanced imaging modalities, including ultrasonography (US), dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), attracted more and more attention for their role on gout as intuitive and non-invasive tools for early gout diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic effect. This review summarized the role of US, DECT, and MRI in the management of gout from four perspectives: hyperuricemia, gout attacks, chronic gout, and gout complications described the scoring systems currently used to quantify disease severity and discussed the challenges and limitations of using these imaging tools to assess response to the gout treatment.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diagnostic Imaging; Disease Management; Disease Susceptibility; Gout; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Prognosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography; Uric Acid
PubMed: 35095904
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.811323 -
Current Opinion in Endocrinology,... Jun 2020Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting tumors are commonly small, yet they often lead to fulminant forms of Cushing syndrome. High-resolution functional... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting tumors are commonly small, yet they often lead to fulminant forms of Cushing syndrome. High-resolution functional imaging modalities, such as [Ga]-DOTATATE, have been recently introduced in clinical practice for the identification of neuroendocrine tumors. In this review, we focus on the performance of [Ga]-DOTATATE as a tool for localizing primary and metastatic sources of ectopic Cushing syndrome (ECS).
RECENT FINDINGS
Prompt surgical removal of ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors is the mainstay of therapy in patients with ECS. Detecting such tumors with conventional cross-sectional imaging is often unsuccessful, owing to their small size. [Ga]-DOTATATE has been approved in 2016 by the Federal Drug Administration for imaging well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. Data regarding the performance of [Ga]-DOTATATE for detecting ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors remain limited, in part owing to the recent introduction of this imaging modality in clinical practice, and in part because of the low prevalence of ECS. Nevertheless, [Ga]-DOTATATE has been reported to be useful in identifying primary and metastatic ectopic ACTH-secreting lesions that were not apparent on other imaging studies, impacting the clinical care of many patients with ECS.
SUMMARY
[Ga]-DOTATATE-based imaging, which targets the somatostatin receptors abundantly expressed in neuroendocrine tumors, has generally high, although variable resolution in detecting the source(s) of ECS.
Topics: Cushing Syndrome; Gallium Radioisotopes; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Organometallic Compounds; Radionuclide Imaging; Receptors, Somatostatin
PubMed: 32250975
DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000541