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European Journal of Case Reports in... 2021is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium that can cause skin infections in immunocompetent individuals. We report a case of skin infection by this agent in a woman with...
UNLABELLED
is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium that can cause skin infections in immunocompetent individuals. We report a case of skin infection by this agent in a woman with dyslipidaemia, that culminated in statin-induced rhabdomyolysis due to the combination of clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin and simvastatin.
LEARNING POINTS
Skin infection with is an increasing global problem among immunocompetent individuals.Statin-induced rhabdomyolysis is an important and avoidable end-result of drug-drug interaction.Inhibition of cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 3A4 and of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 are two important examples of statin interference with metabolism, and clarithromycin can inhibit both.
PubMed: 34268273
DOI: 10.12890/2021_002661 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Nov 2019
PubMed: 31645415
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01394-18 -
Hand (New York, N.Y.) Jul 2022Hand infections caused by mycobacteria are relatively uncommon compared to infections caused by other pathogens; therefore, much of the available literature consists of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Hand infections caused by mycobacteria are relatively uncommon compared to infections caused by other pathogens; therefore, much of the available literature consists of case reports and limited case series. Broadly categorized into tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections, both tuberculous and NTM infections are typically insidious with long incubation periods and with the ability to remain dormant for prolonged periods.
METHODS
We reviewed the most current literature on the epidemiology, presentations, treatment methods, and resistance patterns of mycobacterial infections of the hand focusing on the indications and outcomes of nonoperative as well as operative interventions.
RESULTS
The worldwide burden of tuberculosis remains high and while the overall rate of new diagnosis drug resistant tuberculosis has been on the decline some regions of the world have demonstrated staggeringly high resistance rates to first-line tuberculosis therapies. Signs and symptoms of mycobacterial hand infection are typically inconsistent, and highly dependent on the specific structures of the hand that are affected; therefore, these infections may mimic other infections of the hand like tenosynovitis, joint space infections, and cutaneous infections. The main stay of treatment remains antimycobacterial therapies including but not limited to rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol.
CONCLUSIONS
The complications associated with mycobacterial hand infections can be significant. Prompt evaluation, including a thorough history to evaluate for potential exposures to infectious sources, followed by appropriate antibiotic choice and duration, with surgical management as needed, is key to reducing the chance that patients experience lasting effects of the infection.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Hand; Humans; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Tenosynovitis; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 32940064
DOI: 10.1177/1558944720940064 -
G3 (Bethesda, Md.) Aug 2022Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging pathogen of concern in cystic fibrosis and immunocompromised patients and is considered one of the most drug-resistant...
Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging pathogen of concern in cystic fibrosis and immunocompromised patients and is considered one of the most drug-resistant mycobacteria. The majority of clinical Mycobacterium abscessus isolates carry 1 or more prophages that are hypothesized to contribute to virulence and bacterial fitness. The prophage McProf was identified in the genome of the Bergey strain of Mycobacterium chelonae and is distinct from previously described prophages of Mycobacterium abscessus. The McProf genome increases intrinsic antibiotic resistance of Mycobacterium chelonae and drives expression of the intrinsic antibiotic resistance gene, whiB7, when superinfected by a second phage. The prevalence of McProf-like genomes was determined in sequenced mycobacterial genomes. Related prophage genomes were identified in the genomes of 25 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus and assigned to the novel cluster, MabR. They share less than 10% gene content with previously described prophages; however, they share features typical of prophages, including polymorphic toxin-immunity systems.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium abscessus; Mycobacterium chelonae; Prophages
PubMed: 35894699
DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac188 -
Journal of Fish Diseases Oct 2019The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a popular vertebrate model organism used in a wide range of research fields. Mycobacteriosis, caused by Mycobacterium species, is...
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a popular vertebrate model organism used in a wide range of research fields. Mycobacteriosis, caused by Mycobacterium species, is particularly concerning because it is a common disease associated with chronic infections in these fish. Infections are also a source of uncontrolled experimental variance that may influence research results. Live feeds for zebrafish are common and include paramecia (Paramecium caudatum), brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) and rotifers (Branchionus spp.). Although nutritionally beneficial, live feeds may pose a biosecurity risk. In this study, we investigate transmission of Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium marinum through these three live feeds. We show that all three live feeds ingest both M. marinum and M. chelonae and can transmit mycobacterial infections to zebrafish. This observation emphasizes the need for live feeds to be included in the consideration of potential biosecurity risks. This study is of importance to other beyond the zebrafish community, including those of additional aquatic models and those using live feeds for other types of aquaculture.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Artemia; Diet; Female; Fish Diseases; Male; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium chelonae; Mycobacterium marinum; Paramecium caudatum; Prevalence; Rotifera; Zebrafish
PubMed: 31418901
DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13071 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Jul 2022
Topics: Clarithromycin; Discitis; Humans; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium chelonae
PubMed: 34924460
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8539-21 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022Desiccation-tolerance of cells of four strains of and individual strains of , , , and were measured by two methods. The survival of water-acclimated cells both in...
Desiccation-tolerance of cells of four strains of and individual strains of , , , and were measured by two methods. The survival of water-acclimated cells both in filter paper and on the surface of stainless-steel coupons were measured. In filter paper at 40% relative humidity at 25 °C, survival of patient isolates of and cells was 28% and 34% after 21 days of incubation, whereas it was 100% for the Sorin 3T isolate of . On stainless-steel biofilms after 42 days of incubation at 40% relative humidity at 25 °C, survival of water-acclimated cells of was above 100%, while cells did not survive beyond 21 days, and survival of water-acclimated cells of and was 18% and 14%, respectively. On stainless-steel coupons, survival of patient and Sorin 3T isolates of was quite similar, specifically between 14% and 28% survival, after 42 days of incubation at 40% relative humidity at 25 °C. The experiments would support the hypothesis that some nontuberculous mycobacterial species are relatively desiccation-tolerant, whereas others are not. Further, long-term survival of the two strains is consistent with the presence of that species in Sorin 3T heater-coolers shipped throughout the world.
PubMed: 35456138
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040463